Extraction equilibrium features of succinic acid, malic acid,maleic acid and fumaric acid were investi- gated systematically withtrioctylamine (TOA) in chloroform, 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) and1-octanol. Fourier tra...Extraction equilibrium features of succinic acid, malic acid,maleic acid and fumaric acid were investi- gated systematically withtrioctylamine (TOA) in chloroform, 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) and1-octanol. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysisof organic samples loaded with the acid shows that amine forms 1:1complex of ion-pair association with succinic acid, malic acid andmaleic acid, and 1:1, 2:1 complex of ion-pair association withfumaric acid. It is proposed that the complex forms depend on thesecond dissociation constant of the dibasic acid, pK_a2.展开更多
[ Objective] To optimize the extraction conditions of insoluble dietary fiber from apple pulp. [ Method] The insoluble dietary fiber was ex-tracted from the apple pulp by alkaline, and the optimal extraction condition...[ Objective] To optimize the extraction conditions of insoluble dietary fiber from apple pulp. [ Method] The insoluble dietary fiber was ex-tracted from the apple pulp by alkaline, and the optimal extraction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment. [ Result] The influential or-der of each factor on the extraction of insoluble fiber decreased in the order of solid-liquid ratio 〉 alkali concentration 〉 temperature 〉 extraction time, and the optimal extraction technology was A3 B1 C2 D2, that is, 1：11 （g/ml） of solid-liquid ratio, 0.25 mol/L alkaline concentration, 50 ℃ of extraction temperature and 2.0 h extraction time, under these conditions, the yield of insoluble dietary fiber was 35.46%. [ Conchsion] The apple pulp contains rich dietary fiber, and the insoluble dietary fiber extracted from the apple pulp has great development value. Key words Apple; Insoluble dietary fiber; Extraction technology; China展开更多
In order to develop an efficient method about protein extraction which is suitable for apple proteomic analysis, four protocols of total protein extraction from apple leaves, which are trichloroacetic acid/acetone pre...In order to develop an efficient method about protein extraction which is suitable for apple proteomic analysis, four protocols of total protein extraction from apple leaves, which are trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation method （TCA）, phenol extraction methanol/ammonium acetate precipitation method, Tris-HCl extraction method and modified Tris-HCl extraction method were compared. The results showed that the modified Tris-HCl extraction method was the most suitable method in protein extraction for two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） from apple leaves based on the highest resolution and more informative spots of 2-DE gels with no apparent vertical or horizontal streaking.展开更多
Maiden trees of apple cultivars ＇Topaz＇ and ＇Ariwa＇ grafted on M26 rootstock and of sour cherry cultivars ＇Debreceni Botermo and ＇Sabina＇ on mahaleb cherry （Prunus mahaleb L.） were fertilized with bioproducts...Maiden trees of apple cultivars ＇Topaz＇ and ＇Ariwa＇ grafted on M26 rootstock and of sour cherry cultivars ＇Debreceni Botermo and ＇Sabina＇ on mahaleb cherry （Prunus mahaleb L.） were fertilized with bioproducts such as： Fertigo-granulated manure, Micosat-microbial inoculum consisting of mycorrhizal fungi; Humus UP-an extract from vermicompost; Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM-an extract from vermicomposts with PM （Positive Microorganism）; BioFeed Amin--a plant extract reinforced with amino acids; BioFeed Quality-a seaweed extract reinforced with humic and fulvic acids; Tytanit-titanium; Vinassa-molasses residue from yeast production; Florovit Eko-composed of many environmentally-friendly products. Control maidens were fertilized with mineral fertilizers containing mainly NPK. The maiden trees fertilized with the preparations Tytanit and Humus UP grew less vigorously and produced smaller increases in the length of lateral shoots than those fertilized with mineral fertilizers. On the other hand, bio preparations such as BF Amin, BF Quality, Micosat and Vinassa promoted tree branching and intensified the growth of lateral shoots, stimulating tree growth to a greater extent than the mineral fertilizers.展开更多
The effects of process variables such as enzyme types, enzyme ratio, reaction temperature, pH, time, and ethanol concentration on the extraction of unripe apple polyphenol were investigated. The results indicated that...The effects of process variables such as enzyme types, enzyme ratio, reaction temperature, pH, time, and ethanol concentration on the extraction of unripe apple polyphenol were investigated. The results indicated that Viscozyme L had the strongest effect on polyphenols extraction and was selected to study the polyphenol composition. The ratio of enzyme （Viscozyme L） to sobstrate （2 fungal beta-glucanase units （FBG）） at 0.02, reaction at pH 3.7, 50℃ for 12 h, and ethanol concentration of 70% were chosen as the most favorable extraction condition. Total phenolic content （TPC）, reducing sugar content （RSC）, and extraction yield increased by about 3, 1.5, and 2 times, respectively, compared with control. The contents ofp-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid increased to 8, 4, and 32 times, respectively. The enzyme-aided polyphenol extraction process from unripe apples might be applied to food industry for enhancing bioactive compound production.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29836130).
文摘Extraction equilibrium features of succinic acid, malic acid,maleic acid and fumaric acid were investi- gated systematically withtrioctylamine (TOA) in chloroform, 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) and1-octanol. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysisof organic samples loaded with the acid shows that amine forms 1:1complex of ion-pair association with succinic acid, malic acid andmaleic acid, and 1:1, 2:1 complex of ion-pair association withfumaric acid. It is proposed that the complex forms depend on thesecond dissociation constant of the dibasic acid, pK_a2.
文摘[ Objective] To optimize the extraction conditions of insoluble dietary fiber from apple pulp. [ Method] The insoluble dietary fiber was ex-tracted from the apple pulp by alkaline, and the optimal extraction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment. [ Result] The influential or-der of each factor on the extraction of insoluble fiber decreased in the order of solid-liquid ratio 〉 alkali concentration 〉 temperature 〉 extraction time, and the optimal extraction technology was A3 B1 C2 D2, that is, 1：11 （g/ml） of solid-liquid ratio, 0.25 mol/L alkaline concentration, 50 ℃ of extraction temperature and 2.0 h extraction time, under these conditions, the yield of insoluble dietary fiber was 35.46%. [ Conchsion] The apple pulp contains rich dietary fiber, and the insoluble dietary fiber extracted from the apple pulp has great development value. Key words Apple; Insoluble dietary fiber; Extraction technology; China
文摘In order to develop an efficient method about protein extraction which is suitable for apple proteomic analysis, four protocols of total protein extraction from apple leaves, which are trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation method （TCA）, phenol extraction methanol/ammonium acetate precipitation method, Tris-HCl extraction method and modified Tris-HCl extraction method were compared. The results showed that the modified Tris-HCl extraction method was the most suitable method in protein extraction for two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） from apple leaves based on the highest resolution and more informative spots of 2-DE gels with no apparent vertical or horizontal streaking.
文摘Maiden trees of apple cultivars ＇Topaz＇ and ＇Ariwa＇ grafted on M26 rootstock and of sour cherry cultivars ＇Debreceni Botermo and ＇Sabina＇ on mahaleb cherry （Prunus mahaleb L.） were fertilized with bioproducts such as： Fertigo-granulated manure, Micosat-microbial inoculum consisting of mycorrhizal fungi; Humus UP-an extract from vermicompost; Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM-an extract from vermicomposts with PM （Positive Microorganism）; BioFeed Amin--a plant extract reinforced with amino acids; BioFeed Quality-a seaweed extract reinforced with humic and fulvic acids; Tytanit-titanium; Vinassa-molasses residue from yeast production; Florovit Eko-composed of many environmentally-friendly products. Control maidens were fertilized with mineral fertilizers containing mainly NPK. The maiden trees fertilized with the preparations Tytanit and Humus UP grew less vigorously and produced smaller increases in the length of lateral shoots than those fertilized with mineral fertilizers. On the other hand, bio preparations such as BF Amin, BF Quality, Micosat and Vinassa promoted tree branching and intensified the growth of lateral shoots, stimulating tree growth to a greater extent than the mineral fertilizers.
基金Project (No. GBTA2009-04) supported by Technology Development Program for Agriculture and Fishery, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Korea
文摘The effects of process variables such as enzyme types, enzyme ratio, reaction temperature, pH, time, and ethanol concentration on the extraction of unripe apple polyphenol were investigated. The results indicated that Viscozyme L had the strongest effect on polyphenols extraction and was selected to study the polyphenol composition. The ratio of enzyme （Viscozyme L） to sobstrate （2 fungal beta-glucanase units （FBG）） at 0.02, reaction at pH 3.7, 50℃ for 12 h, and ethanol concentration of 70% were chosen as the most favorable extraction condition. Total phenolic content （TPC）, reducing sugar content （RSC）, and extraction yield increased by about 3, 1.5, and 2 times, respectively, compared with control. The contents ofp-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid increased to 8, 4, and 32 times, respectively. The enzyme-aided polyphenol extraction process from unripe apples might be applied to food industry for enhancing bioactive compound production.
