In this paper, Orlicz space endowed with Orlicz norm are discussed. We discovered that P-convexity, O-convextiy, Q-convexity, superreflexirity and teflexivity are equivalent.
The high resolution of DOA（direction of arrival） estimation could be obtained by using the min-norm algorithm. In this paper, the expression of the min-norm spatial spectrum based on acoustic vector-sensor（AVS） li...The high resolution of DOA（direction of arrival） estimation could be obtained by using the min-norm algorithm. In this paper, the expression of the min-norm spatial spectrum based on acoustic vector-sensor（AVS） linear arrays was presented and simulation study was carried out. Results of simulations indicated that left/right ambiguity could be removed and better performance for DOA estimation was obtainable when dealing with sources close to endfire than using pressure hydrophone linear arrays, and the interelement spacing was allowed to exceed the half-wavelength upper limit. A three-element vector hydrophone linear array with two meters interspace was designed. The AVS experiment was carried out at Songhua Lake in Jinlin Province. Experimental results show a high resolution tracking of targets can be obtained using the rain-norm algorithm.展开更多
Abstract： Real-time digital service and mul- timedia service upstream transmission in Dig- ital Signal Processing （DSP）-based Orthogo- nal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Passive Optical Network （OFDM-PON） is exp...Abstract： Real-time digital service and mul- timedia service upstream transmission in Dig- ital Signal Processing （DSP）-based Orthogo- nal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Passive Optical Network （OFDM-PON） is experimen- tally demonstrated with Centralised Light Sou- rce （CLS） configuration in this paper. After transmitted over 25 km Standard Single Mode Fibre （SSMF） with -16.5 dBm optical power at receiver, the Bit Error Rate （BER） is 9.5 ×10^-11. The implementations of digital domain up-conversion and down-conversion based on Field Programmable Gate Array （FPGA） are int- roduced, which can reduce the cost of In-ph- ase and Quadrature （IQ） radio frequency mix- ers utilised at transmitter and receiver. A car- rier synchronization algorithm is implemented for compensating carrier offset. A channel eq- ualization algorithm is adopted for compen- sating the damage of channel. A new structure of Frequency Synchronization Unit （FSU） des- igned in FPGA is also proposed to cope with the frequency shifting at receiver.展开更多
Acrochaete leptochaete （Huber） Nielsen （Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta） was isolated from the macroalgae Chaetomorpha collected from intertidal pools in Rongcheng, Shandong, China. 18S rDNA combined with ITS regions...Acrochaete leptochaete （Huber） Nielsen （Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta） was isolated from the macroalgae Chaetomorpha collected from intertidal pools in Rongcheng, Shandong, China. 18S rDNA combined with ITS regions were used to ascertain the morphological identification of the isolated material. Based on the unialgal culture, asexual reproduction and growth characteristics of A. leptochaete were investigated over wide ranges of temperature and irradiance. Results revealed that asexual reproduction of A. leptochaete could be realized by biflagellate zoospores. The zoospores germinated directly to give self- replicating generations. Zoospore germination was bipolar. A temperature range from 13-21 ℃ and a lower irradiance of 36 μmol/（m2.s） were most favorable for the growth ofA. leptochaete. Thallus organization, an important taxonomic criterion for the genus Acrochaete, was affected markedly by temperature and irradiance. Our results extend the knowledge about the species＇ general biology and its morphological plasticity. For classification and identification of a simple microphytic algae like A. leptochaete, which are traditionally placed in the class Chaetophoraceae, we propose that molecular tools associated with culture observations are applied.展开更多
A number of urban and regional plans have been developed with the advancement of urbanization and regional integration, among which the delineation of sphere of urban influence and improvement of integration between t...A number of urban and regional plans have been developed with the advancement of urbanization and regional integration, among which the delineation of sphere of urban influence and improvement of integration between the city and its hinterland have be- come vital important for guiding practices. In terms of delineating sphere of urban influence, existing studies have been focused on static study by using single year data or single method, resulting in a lack of time-series longitudinal analysis or comprehensive analysis based on multiple methods This study emphasizes on comparing two methods from both the theoretical and empirical perspective. Both gravity model and improwd field model are applied to the selected study area for measurements and comparison, to explore their strengths and weaknesses. A research framework for comprehensive analysis on delineating sphere of urban influence is proposed. In the end, the differences of deli：aeating methods are illustrated and the feasibility of comprehensive analysis is discussed. Recommendations are provided for selecting appropriate methods for delineating sphere of urban influence or developing regional hierarchy system plans and urban spatial structure schemes.展开更多
Suppose that x is a complex number and i is a non negative integer. Define N - i(x)=|x| i if i is even and N - i(x)=x|x| i-1 if i is odd. Let V - n(x 1, ...,x n) denote the ...Suppose that x is a complex number and i is a non negative integer. Define N - i(x)=|x| i if i is even and N - i(x)=x|x| i-1 if i is odd. Let V - n(x 1, ...,x n) denote the n× n matrix whose (i,j) th entry is N - i-1 (x j) . This paper presents a computation formula for det V - n(x 1, ...,x n) , which can be considered as a generalized that of Vandermonde determinant, and some its important theoretical applications.展开更多
It is proved that an indecomposable Harish- Chandra module over the Virasoro algebra must be (i) a uniformly bounded module, or (ii) a module in Category $O$ , or (iii) a module in Category $O$ , or ( iv) a module whi...It is proved that an indecomposable Harish- Chandra module over the Virasoro algebra must be (i) a uniformly bounded module, or (ii) a module in Category $O$ , or (iii) a module in Category $O$ , or ( iv) a module which contains the trivial module as one of its composition factors.展开更多
Urban trains running on ground surface lead to evironmental ground vibrations in the vicinity of railwaylines. The complicated vibration source of the system can hardly be measured directly. The inversion methodology ...Urban trains running on ground surface lead to evironmental ground vibrations in the vicinity of railwaylines. The complicated vibration source of the system can hardly be measured directly. The inversion methodology in engineering seismology is borrowed here to study the dynamic exciting sourec, i.e., the wheel-rail unevenness. A dynamic coupled train-track-3D ground model is combined with a genetic algorithm for the inversion. The solution space of the inversion variables, the objective function and the solving genetic strategy of the inversion are determined, and a joint inversion for the wheel-rail unevenness source function and some track structure parameters is therefore designed. The wheel-rail unevenness PSD, being the source function of No. 13 Beijing urban railway, is obtained by the inversoin based on observed data in the field. The result indicates that the source function discribes the track unevenness in the range of wavelength over 1.2 m, and reflects properly wheel irregularites in the range of wavelength shorter than 1.2 m. It should be noticed that the urban rail traffic is not very fast, and this range of short wavelength is exactly corresponding to the main frequency band of environmental vibrations from the traffic. The unevenness of wavelength under 1.2 m is underestimated, and the ground vibration in the main frequency band must be underestimated consequently, if the track unevenness spectrum is taken as the source function. Rather than the track spectrum reflecting just the evenness of track, the wheel-rail spectrum expresses both the track unevenness and the irregularities of wheels, and therefore is more suitable to be the source function of urban railway traffic. It is also convinced that the exciting source inversion according to observed ground vibrations is an effective way to detect quantitatively the combined wheel-rail unevenness.展开更多
The ground-based EAS array is usually operated with a high duty cycle （〉 90%） and a large field of view （- 2sr）, which can continuously monitor the sky. It is essential and irreplaceable to understand the gamma-r...The ground-based EAS array is usually operated with a high duty cycle （〉 90%） and a large field of view （- 2sr）, which can continuously monitor the sky. It is essential and irreplaceable to understand the gamma-ray emission mechanism and intrinsic physics progress of the variable source AGN. The EAS arrays, AS-y experiment （since 1990） and ARGO-YBJ experiment （since 2007）, have continuously monitored the northern sky at energies above 3 TeV and 0.3 TeV, respectively. They have made substantial contributions for long-term monitoring of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. In this paper, we will review the results obtained by the EAS arrays. The next generation of EAS array, LHAASO project, will boost the sensitivity of current EAS array at least up to 30 times with a much wider energy range from 40 GeV to 1 PeV. Beside increasing the number of VHE gamma-ray sources, it will guide us look sight into the properties of jet, and throw light on the determining of the EBL, intergalactic magnetic fields, and the validity of the Lorentz Invariance.展开更多
Let X be a complex nonsingular projective threefold of general type. It is shown that the dimension of the image of X through m-canonical maps is at least two for every m 3.
文摘In this paper, Orlicz space endowed with Orlicz norm are discussed. We discovered that P-convexity, O-convextiy, Q-convexity, superreflexirity and teflexivity are equivalent.
文摘The high resolution of DOA（direction of arrival） estimation could be obtained by using the min-norm algorithm. In this paper, the expression of the min-norm spatial spectrum based on acoustic vector-sensor（AVS） linear arrays was presented and simulation study was carried out. Results of simulations indicated that left/right ambiguity could be removed and better performance for DOA estimation was obtainable when dealing with sources close to endfire than using pressure hydrophone linear arrays, and the interelement spacing was allowed to exceed the half-wavelength upper limit. A three-element vector hydrophone linear array with two meters interspace was designed. The AVS experiment was carried out at Songhua Lake in Jinlin Province. Experimental results show a high resolution tracking of targets can be obtained using the rain-norm algorithm.
基金ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported in part by the Na- tional Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 61271192, No. 60932004 the National High Technology Research and Development of China （863 Program） under Grant No. 2013AA013401 and the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No. 2013CB329204.
文摘Abstract： Real-time digital service and mul- timedia service upstream transmission in Dig- ital Signal Processing （DSP）-based Orthogo- nal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Passive Optical Network （OFDM-PON） is experimen- tally demonstrated with Centralised Light Sou- rce （CLS） configuration in this paper. After transmitted over 25 km Standard Single Mode Fibre （SSMF） with -16.5 dBm optical power at receiver, the Bit Error Rate （BER） is 9.5 ×10^-11. The implementations of digital domain up-conversion and down-conversion based on Field Programmable Gate Array （FPGA） are int- roduced, which can reduce the cost of In-ph- ase and Quadrature （IQ） radio frequency mix- ers utilised at transmitter and receiver. A car- rier synchronization algorithm is implemented for compensating carrier offset. A channel eq- ualization algorithm is adopted for compen- sating the damage of channel. A new structure of Frequency Synchronization Unit （FSU） des- igned in FPGA is also proposed to cope with the frequency shifting at receiver.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31070185, 40876081 and 31093440)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX2-YW-Z-018)+6 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2011B031100010)the Team Project of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No. S2011030005257)the Talent Introduction Projects of Guangdong Province Universities and Collegesthe Grant of Key Laboratory of Integrated Marine Monitoring and Applied Technologies for Harmful Algal Blooms, S.O.A., MATHAB (No. MATHAB20100301)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Shantou City (No. 2011-162)the Startup Projects (Nos. 09400133 and 09400134)the Grant for Youth Teachers of Shantou University, P. R. China
文摘Acrochaete leptochaete （Huber） Nielsen （Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta） was isolated from the macroalgae Chaetomorpha collected from intertidal pools in Rongcheng, Shandong, China. 18S rDNA combined with ITS regions were used to ascertain the morphological identification of the isolated material. Based on the unialgal culture, asexual reproduction and growth characteristics of A. leptochaete were investigated over wide ranges of temperature and irradiance. Results revealed that asexual reproduction of A. leptochaete could be realized by biflagellate zoospores. The zoospores germinated directly to give self- replicating generations. Zoospore germination was bipolar. A temperature range from 13-21 ℃ and a lower irradiance of 36 μmol/（m2.s） were most favorable for the growth ofA. leptochaete. Thallus organization, an important taxonomic criterion for the genus Acrochaete, was affected markedly by temperature and irradiance. Our results extend the knowledge about the species＇ general biology and its morphological plasticity. For classification and identification of a simple microphytic algae like A. leptochaete, which are traditionally placed in the class Chaetophoraceae, we propose that molecular tools associated with culture observations are applied.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40901088)
文摘A number of urban and regional plans have been developed with the advancement of urbanization and regional integration, among which the delineation of sphere of urban influence and improvement of integration between the city and its hinterland have be- come vital important for guiding practices. In terms of delineating sphere of urban influence, existing studies have been focused on static study by using single year data or single method, resulting in a lack of time-series longitudinal analysis or comprehensive analysis based on multiple methods This study emphasizes on comparing two methods from both the theoretical and empirical perspective. Both gravity model and improwd field model are applied to the selected study area for measurements and comparison, to explore their strengths and weaknesses. A research framework for comprehensive analysis on delineating sphere of urban influence is proposed. In the end, the differences of deli：aeating methods are illustrated and the feasibility of comprehensive analysis is discussed. Recommendations are provided for selecting appropriate methods for delineating sphere of urban influence or developing regional hierarchy system plans and urban spatial structure schemes.
文摘Suppose that x is a complex number and i is a non negative integer. Define N - i(x)=|x| i if i is even and N - i(x)=x|x| i-1 if i is odd. Let V - n(x 1, ...,x n) denote the n× n matrix whose (i,j) th entry is N - i-1 (x j) . This paper presents a computation formula for det V - n(x 1, ...,x n) , which can be considered as a generalized that of Vandermonde determinant, and some its important theoretical applications.
基金This work was supported by a Fund from Education Ministry of China.
文摘It is proved that an indecomposable Harish- Chandra module over the Virasoro algebra must be (i) a uniformly bounded module, or (ii) a module in Category $O$ , or (iii) a module in Category $O$ , or ( iv) a module which contains the trivial module as one of its composition factors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50538030)
文摘Urban trains running on ground surface lead to evironmental ground vibrations in the vicinity of railwaylines. The complicated vibration source of the system can hardly be measured directly. The inversion methodology in engineering seismology is borrowed here to study the dynamic exciting sourec, i.e., the wheel-rail unevenness. A dynamic coupled train-track-3D ground model is combined with a genetic algorithm for the inversion. The solution space of the inversion variables, the objective function and the solving genetic strategy of the inversion are determined, and a joint inversion for the wheel-rail unevenness source function and some track structure parameters is therefore designed. The wheel-rail unevenness PSD, being the source function of No. 13 Beijing urban railway, is obtained by the inversoin based on observed data in the field. The result indicates that the source function discribes the track unevenness in the range of wavelength over 1.2 m, and reflects properly wheel irregularites in the range of wavelength shorter than 1.2 m. It should be noticed that the urban rail traffic is not very fast, and this range of short wavelength is exactly corresponding to the main frequency band of environmental vibrations from the traffic. The unevenness of wavelength under 1.2 m is underestimated, and the ground vibration in the main frequency band must be underestimated consequently, if the track unevenness spectrum is taken as the source function. Rather than the track spectrum reflecting just the evenness of track, the wheel-rail spectrum expresses both the track unevenness and the irregularities of wheels, and therefore is more suitable to be the source function of urban railway traffic. It is also convinced that the exciting source inversion according to observed ground vibrations is an effective way to detect quantitatively the combined wheel-rail unevenness.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11205165)the Xiejialin Fund of the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. Y3546140U2)
文摘The ground-based EAS array is usually operated with a high duty cycle （〉 90%） and a large field of view （- 2sr）, which can continuously monitor the sky. It is essential and irreplaceable to understand the gamma-ray emission mechanism and intrinsic physics progress of the variable source AGN. The EAS arrays, AS-y experiment （since 1990） and ARGO-YBJ experiment （since 2007）, have continuously monitored the northern sky at energies above 3 TeV and 0.3 TeV, respectively. They have made substantial contributions for long-term monitoring of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. In this paper, we will review the results obtained by the EAS arrays. The next generation of EAS array, LHAASO project, will boost the sensitivity of current EAS array at least up to 30 times with a much wider energy range from 40 GeV to 1 PeV. Beside increasing the number of VHE gamma-ray sources, it will guide us look sight into the properties of jet, and throw light on the determining of the EBL, intergalactic magnetic fields, and the validity of the Lorentz Invariance.
文摘Let X be a complex nonsingular projective threefold of general type. It is shown that the dimension of the image of X through m-canonical maps is at least two for every m 3.
