中国联通范济安:强化底层通用能力 推动5G工厂规模化发展

“目前,中国联通已打造5G工厂1123个,覆盖22个行业以及31个省、市、自治区。当前大部分的案例仍是定制化,但中国联通正在不断总结规模化复制经验。”中国联通大数据首席科学家范济安在接受通信世界全媒体记者采访时表示。5G工厂,拓展“5G+工业互联网”新场景以数字化、智能化为特征的新一轮产业革命已经到来,作为新一代信息技术与工业经济深度融合的产物,工业互联网在为工业带来新气象的同时,也迎来了高速发展期。

Does China's Anti-Corruption Campaign Promote Corporate Innovation?

Vigorous anti-corruption campaigns launched by China since the 18 th CPC National Congress have produced an extensive impact on China's political and economic landscapes. From the micro-perspective of corporate innovation, this paper investigates the effects of anti-corruption efforts on corporate behavior. This paper has found that seeking political connections and promoting innovation are mutually substitutable means of development for firms. Anti-corruption efforts have increased the costs for firms to seek political connections and thus raised the incentives for corporate innovation. After the launch of anti-corruption policies, the level of corporate innovation significantly increased. In particular, R&D spending increased significantly for firms previously with political connections. Anti-corruption efforts have promoted overall corporate innovation. This paper has also found that the effects of anti-corruption efforts on corporate innovation are heterogeneous at the provincial level. For firms previously with political connections in provinces with a high anti-corruption intensity, the level of innovation increased more significantly. Given the controversies concerning the effects of the recent round of anticorruption campaign on economic growth, this paper provides new evidence that anticorruption efforts are favorable to corporate innovation. Considering the endogenous problem, this paper has adopted the policy experiment of anti-corruption efforts after the 18 th CPC National Congress and the difference-in-differences(DID) technique.

Research on Development Countermeasures of Marine Cultural Industry in Dalian City

Nowadays, culture, as a kind of soft power, has become the worldwide force that has an influence on the future world. The competition in the future world will also be the competition of culture and cultural productivity. The consciousness of cultural construction and cultural development has become the consensus of all countries in the world. Dalian is an important city in terms of opening to and cooperation in Northeast Asia. The development of marine culture and marine cultural industry is of great significance on promoting the growth of Dalian’s marine economy and the revitalization of the old industrial bases in northeast, which is also beneficial to the development of Liaoning coastal economic belt, the economic circle around the Bohai Sea and the construction strategy of the “Belt and Road initiative”. This paper takes the development countermeasures of marine cultural industry in Dalian city as the research subject. Based on the detailed analysis of the status and insufficiency, putting forward several specific development countermeasures of marine cultural industry in Dalian city.

Anti-Competitive Effects of Discriminatory Licensing for Standards-Essential Patents and Antitrust Policymaking

Antitrust examination of discriminatory patent licensing fees imposed by companies who own standards-essential patents(SEPs) is a difficult issue in antitrust law enforcement. After studying Huawei's litigation against IDC and China's anti-monopoly investigation of Qualcomm, this paper creates a vertical oligopolistic game theory model to demonstrate that discriminatory licensing fees imposed by firms with patent monopoly will lead to the collection of high licensing fees from downstream low-cost firms, weaken their competitive advantage, reduce their output and market share, impede their follow-up innovations, and generally harm the social welfare. Therefore, charging high discriminatory licensing fees constitutes an act that harms competition and should be prohibited by antitrust law. Antitrust examination of discriminatory licensing fees should make assessments primarily on the basis of the FRAND principle. Antitrust examination may adopt a triple-structure method to assess the reasonableness of licensing fees, but antitrust authorities should avoid directly prescribing the level of licensing fees and should safeguard the effectiveness of transaction mechanisms based on free negotiations among micro-level entities. Antitrust remedies should follow the principle of "intervening in the price formation mechanism rather than prescribing the level of licensing fees."

Efficient Resource Allocation to Take Center Stage in China's Economic Development

China has basically succeeded in its quantitative catch-up with advanced economies and has now entered into a new stage of economic development focused on the greater efficiency of resource allocation. In order to achieve the objectives of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, efforts must be made to reform the ＂petty-farmer＂ economic mode of production while promoting specialization, modernization, and economies of scale. The restructuring and upgrade of the manufacturing sector should be focused on existing industries and the development of high-end industries while maintaining China＇s comparative advantage in narrowing technology gaps with advanced economies. The goal should be to transform China from a large industrial manufacturer into a competitive one. Technological innovation should be based on demand, supported by projects, carried out by firms through the social division of labor, and work to increase the capacity of la^e enterprises to integrate the results of innovation. Materialized labor consumption and logistical costs must be reduced, and the quality and level of urbanization must be increased. To assist productivity development, urban citizenship should be granted to rural migrant workers. In addition, the urbanization of those who remain in the countryside should be promoted in order for rural populations to enjoy the benefits of industrially robust, technologically modern and ecologically sound civilization.

Will Higher Industry Concentration Promote Food Safety?

Given the serious situation of food safety in China, the Chinese government has followed the policy of diverting resources to certain competitive firms and thus increasing market concentration as a means to improve food safety. This policy departs from the common practice in advanced economies of encouraging competition and restraining excessive corporate expansion. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of game theory, this paper investigates the impact of increased industry concentration on food safety. Our study finds that in a market environment where quality food enjoys a high premium, greater evenness of corporate size across firms will be conducive to mutual cooperation among firms for the provision of quality and safe food. Yet if the market is less sophisticated and the premium for quality food is low, it will be difficult to form mutual cooperation among firms and easier for low quality food manufacturers to take a free ride. In these circumstances, the larger size of quality food firms will make them less vulnerable to be affected by free rides and more motivated to manufacture quality and safe food. The latter scenario is consistent with China's market reality. Hence, increasing industry concentration in the current stage is conducive to mitigating the food safety crisis. Yet with the gradual improvement in market conditions, a competitive policy will be a better option in the long run.

Capital and Labor Allocation Structure and China's Economic Growth

Using sector-specific growth accounting method, this paper investigates the growth effect of inter-industry allocation of capital and labor in China. This paper has found that existing investment data are classified according to investment entities rather than user entities and directly using such data for the measurement of capital inventory of various sectors will seriously overestimate the capital inventory of tertiary industry and lead to distorted conclusions of "structural burden" of capital allocation and its serious violation of the principle of efficiency. By excluding real estate sector, this paper has found that after the 1990 s, inter-industry capital allocation had been generally consistent with the principle of efficiency and the effect of capital allocation structure is not significant. Our estimates also found that the growth effect arising from the inter-industry allocation of labor since reform and opening up averages 0.63 percentage points, which is significantly positively correlated with residual economic growth rate and residual TFP and demonstrates a decade-long "reform cycle." According to the comparative study on the effect of labor allocation structure of 37 other countries and regions, by 2017, the effect of China's labor allocation structure will continue to remain in a relatively high stage; between 2017 and 2023, structural effect will significantly diminish and deceleration pressure will rise swiftly; after 2030, the effect of labor allocation structure will linger in a low level stage, when economy is likely to enter into a stage of low growth rate. These findings will help us better assess future economic growth tendencies.

Intergenerational Transmission of Income Gap for Chinese Urban and Rural Households

An accurate understanding of the intergenerational transmission of income gap is the foundation for theoretical research and policy formulation to address this issue. This paper has employed the method of two sample instrumental variables to effectively integrate CHIP data and CFPS data and correct the temporal income bias, life-cycle bias and coresidence bias, which are common problems in existing studies, and investigated the tendencies of intergenerational transmission of income gap for China's urban and rural households between 2002 and 2012. Results of empirical study indicate that the intergenerational transmission of income gap for China's urban and rural households has been on the decline yet the level of intergenerational transmission is greater for urban residents than for rural residents. This level of intergenerational transmission of income gap in China is at a medium international level lower than that of countries like the United States, Brazil and Japan and higher than that of Sweden and Chinese Taiwan. Further analysis of the intergenerational mobility of various income groups suggests the following: the intergenerational solidification of the bottom and top income groups of urban residents has significantly improved, which is the source for the reduction of intergenerational transmission of income gap. Rural residents of bottom income group are vulnerable to falling into the trap of intergenerational transmission of low income. In order to mitigate the intergenerational transmission of income gap, efforts must be made to improve educational allowance policy and increase the opportunities for children from poor and underprivileged families to receive education and to eliminate the divide of labor markets to create equal job opportunities for each and every worker.

A NEW HYBRID FORECASTING ALGORITHM AND ITS APPLICATION IN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

There exists a great deal of periodic non-stationary processes in natural,social and eco- nomical phenomenon.It is very important to realize the dynamic analysis and real-time forecast within a period.In this letter,a wavelet-Kalman hybrid estimation and forecasting algorithm based on step-by-step filtering with the real-time and recursion property is put forward.It combines the advantages of Kalman filter and wavelet transform.Utilizing the information provided by multi- sensor effectively,this algorithm can realize not only real-time tracking and dynamic multi-step fore- casting within a period,but also the dynamic forecasting between periods,and it has a great value to the system decision-making.Simulation results show that this algorithm is valuable.

Comparison of Modernization Paths between China and Japan

China twice missed the opportunities of industrial revolution during the late Qing Dynasty, and fell behind Japan both in economic growth and modernization level. Faced with the historic opportunity of the third industrial revolution, China seized the first window of opportunity through opening-up and reform. However, how to seize the second window of opportunity provided by the new technological revolution to catch up in technologies and industries becomes the key issue for China in upgrading China＇s economy and transitioning from “made in China” to “intelligent manufacturing in China.” Based on theoretical models and numerical simulations, this paper summarizes and analyzes the different industrial and technological evolutionary patterns of China during the Modernization Movement in the Qing Dynasty and Japan during the Meiji Restoration. The main finding of this paper is that an economy can only expand its overall products in the most convenient way and maximize economic surplus when it chooses the appropriate technology which suites its own factor endowments for production. This implies that governments of late developing countries shouM focus on the structural upgrade of their factor endowments instead of purely pursuing advanced industries and technologies.

Gross Final Product and GFP-Driven Economic Growth

After analyzing the defects of gross domestic product(GDP) as a statistical indicator, this paper identifies and defines the concept of gross final product(GFP), emphasizing the attribute of GFP as the final product of a natural process and the actuator of the entire economic system. The paper also investigates the roles of foreign trade, production investment, public goods and private goods in economic growth under the GFP perspective, and explores the possibility for the GFP analytical framework to explain the economic growth process.

Legal and Economic Aspects of the Operation of Cooperatives in Polish Agriculture

The article presents the legal and economic issues connected with the formation and operation of Polish agricultural cooperatives. Additionally, it shows a brief history of cooperative development on Polish lands and statistical data on agriculture and cooperatives. Most attention is given to dairy cooperatives, cooperative groups of agricultural producers and agricultural production cooperatives. These types of cooperatives are the most popular in Polish agriculture. The fundamental law regulating the issue of cooperatives in Poland is the Cooperative Law Act of September 16, 1982. Other laws, however, also have a big influence on the business activity of agricultural cooperatives, especially the EU legal regulations. Poland membership in the European Union has created new possibilities of development for the cooperative movement.

China's Industrial Capacity Utilization:Sectoral Comparison,Regional Differences and Determinants

Using provincial-level data, this paper has estimated capacity utilization, technical efficiency and equipment utilization for China's industrial sectors, conducted a comparative analysis of capacity utilization across various sectors, provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and discussed the determinants of capacity utilization. We have reached the following conclusions:(1) China's average industrial capacity utilization stood at 69.3% between 2001 and 2011, rising for most of the time before 2008 and generally declining afterwards;(2) among the two sources of capacity utilization, equipment utilization is lower than technical efficiency and constitutes a major factor affecting capacity utilization, yet technical efficiency has demonstrated a significant trend of decline in recent years;(3) at the industry level, industrial capacity utilization is generally high for light industries such as textiles while generally low for mining, public utilities and heavy industries in manufacturing;(4) at the regional level, capacity utilization, technical efficiency and equipment utilization are much higher in the eastern region than in the other regions, where the levels are relatively close to each other;(5) economic growth and the level of market-based operation have a significant positive correlation with capacity utilization, while industry capital intensity, the share of output value from SOEs and local government investment intensity have a significant negative correlation with capacity utilization.

Global Major Progress and Trends in the Implementation of Agenda 21

This paper summarizes, from a global perspective, the major progress in the implementation of the Agenda 21 since the UN Conference on Environment and Development. The results show that global economy has achieved a substantial growth, and positive progress has been made in poverty eradication, urbanization, and conservation and intensive use of natural resources. However, relevant international conventions and commitments have not yet been completely fulfilled. The paper further analyzes the current major challenges and future trends of global sustainable development. It is argued that there are three major challenges:1) fatal global environmental issues posing an increasing threat to human survival; 2) more and more severe global competition for developing spaces; and 3) issues highlighting global people's livelihood. There are four trends of global sustainable development:1) sustainable development will further turn from concept into global action; 2) green will be the main trend of global development; 3) emerging developing countries will become the main driving force of global sustainable development; and 4) international relations in the field of sustainable development will turn to competitive co-operation.

Control of Nonlinear Systems with Output Tracking Error Constraints

A oanstructive method is presented to design controllers that force the output of nonlinear systems in a strict feedback form to track a bounded and sufficient smooth reference trajectory asymptotically. Under suitable condition with the initial output tracking error, the proposed controllers guarantee the output tracking error within a symmtric or an asymmetric pre-specified limit range, and boundedness of all signals of the closed loop system. A transformation is inmxuced to take care of the output tracking error constraint. Smooth and/or p -times differentiable step functions are propsed and incor- porated in the output tracking error transformation to overcome difficulties due to the asynxnetric limit range on the output tracking error. As a result, there are no switchings in the proposed controllers despite of the asymmnetric limit range.

E-Government in Social and Economic Development： The Asymmetric Roles of Information, Institutionalization and Diffusion

There are documented differences between the success and failure factors in the developed and developing countries with regard to the adoption and embracement of Openness in e-Government practice models. This paper posits that e-Government constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. The paper also suggests that e-Government encompasses more than just technology, that is, attempts to highlight the social and economic implications of changes that have occurred in recent years as a result of the transparency and accountability of government and how software usage can influence digital inclusion, trust and privacy and possible strategies to eliminate the digital divide by encouraging greater public and commercial use and re-use of government information through putting govermnent data on the Web. In addition to leveraging economic development, e-Government also helps to stream line govemment services to more social based values of inclusion and citizens＇ participation, accessibility and power relationship ratios. Although e-Government is not a new phenomenon in most developed countries such as the US, UK, Japan, most of the European countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa which have already announced their Open Government Initiatives and data portals it also leads to greater information asymmetry among citizens and government and also, institutionalization and diffusion asymmetry of the practice of the current Openness in e-Government models within developed and developing countries. Drawing on organizational decision-making research and following the explorative and grounded based research approach the findings of this research are that the information asymmetry between citizens and government and asymmetry in institutionalization and diffusion within developed and developing countries are widely attributed to socio-economic and political variations in developed and developing countries. Unless these differences are skill fully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, Openness in e-Government efforts would not help achieve the social and economic development goals by both developed and developing countries.

Development and research of Human Resource Management under the background of information era

In the context of economic globalization, the knowledge economy, information networking background, the worldwide human resource management are facing the challenge of change, it shows a series of trends and they are summarized in this article of the worldwide enterprise human resource management six trends, namely strategy, information technology, professional, people management, and human resources outsourcing and comprehensive human resource management, in order to change the direction of the future, it is still in its infancy inspire and should learn from the human resource management of Chinese enterprises.

在国民经济主战场上开拓前进——冶金部自动化研究院改革访谈录

大型科研院所怎样进入国民经济主战场?科技成果怎样转化为现实生产力?这是发挥科技第一生产力作用中必须解决的问题。记者最近走访了被国务委员、国家科委主任宋健评价为"体制改革成功的范例"的冶金部自动化研究院有关负责同志,从他们那里看到了改革使科技与生产紧密结合后,一个不为人看重的科研院所的腾飞。问:在1985年已实行的课题组承包制的基础上,

The internal efficiency in higher education:An analysis based on economies of scope

Among the studies of the internal efficiency in higher education,most have focused on the scale of university(the economies of scale),but little on internal operating efficiency in higher education,especially on the combined efficiency of outputs(the economies of scope).There are few theoretical discussions or experimental research on whether teaching resources are complementary with research resources,or whether resources in undergraduate cultivation are shared with those in postgraduate training.In the background of the resource scarcity,it is significant to study the economies of scope in higher education to realize intensive development of higher education.Based on the multiproduct cost function and the data of universities attached to the Ministry of Education,this paper attempts to deal with the complementarities of resources used in undergraduate cultivation,postgraduate training and research to find that universities produce these outputs without sufficient resource sharing,the diseconomies of scope in postgraduate training is highest.As far as the quality of teaching and research are concerned,diseconomies of scope of the outputs are great.The main reasons are as follows:poor distribution of facilities,teachers and books,overlapping internal management systems,and the current postgraduate cultivation model.Therefore,relative departments should take internal resource sharing in higher education into account when making the administration policy of higher education.