茄子钵苗全自动移栽机构优化设计与试验

为了实现茄子钵苗的全自动机械化移栽,设计了一种全自动茄子钵苗移栽机构,提出了一种以牛顿插值法构建的新型非圆齿轮,建立了茄子钵苗移栽机构运动学模型。通过农艺与农机的结合,以钵盘规格、基质体积比、土钵含水率为试验因素,取苗力与土钵基质损失率为试验指标,进行了三因素三水平的正交试验,试验结果表明,钵盘规格105穴、基质体积比1、土钵含水率70%~80%时,取苗力为2.70 N,土钵基质损失率为2.94%,利于茄子钵苗的全自动机械化移栽。根据移栽机构数学模型结合茄子钵苗农艺要求,开发了牛顿插值齿轮茄子钵苗移栽机构优化设计与分析软件,优化出一组满足茄子钵苗移栽要求的参数。根据优化的参数进行三维建模、虚拟仿真,运用3D打印技术制作物理样机进行了轨迹验证试验,验证了该机构的正确性与可行性,通过取苗试验与栽植试验,证明了该机构的实用性。

热激处理下不同番茄砧木对茄子嫁接苗生长及生理特性的影响

为了探究不同番茄砧木嫁接的茄子苗对高温胁迫的抗性,选用4个不同品种番茄(金棚一号、大红小果、粉果中果、小樱桃,分别为T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4))为砧木对大田绿丰茄子进行嫁接,采用常温、热激处理,通过对茄子嫁接苗苗期的株高、茎粗、叶片数、株型、热害指数、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、叶绿素含量、电解质渗出率的测定,研究不同番茄砧木对茄子嫁接苗苗期生理及耐热性的影响。结果表明,以不同番茄品种作砧木嫁接的茄子株高、株型及叶片数与自根苗相比变化不显著;4种砧木嫁接后,茄子苗电解质渗出率、MDA含量均降低,显著低于自根苗;叶绿素含量提高,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)显著高于自根苗;SOD活性升高,T_(1)、T_(3)显著高于自根苗,T_(3)增幅达53.31%;T_(3)嫁接后热害指数最低,仅21.67%。综合分析,以粉果中果番茄(T_(3))为砧木的茄子嫁接苗表现出较高的耐热性。

夏秋高温季节提高茄子嫁接苗抗土传病能力的栽培试验分析

在夏秋高温季节,通过探究全层施入食用菌生产营养基下脚料结合大苗定植对茄子嫁接苗土传病的影响,旨在提高茄子嫁接苗抗土传病的能力。结果表明:在夏秋高温季节,每90m^2的田块施用1.4m^3食用菌生产营养基下脚料,结合大苗定植,土传病的发病率仅为5.6%,比对照降低18.6%。

关于茄子嫁接苗黄叶问题的探讨

茄子种植年限增加,土壤被破坏,茄子嫁接苗黄叶问题越来越严重,已经成为制约我地茄子发展的主要障碍,需要探讨其发生原因,制定有效的防治措施,保障蔬菜生产的健康发展。黄叶与病虫害无关,不同品种、种植区域、种植季节都可能出现。厢面高,少大水漫灌的轻,反之重。确定为缺镁症。防治措施:改良土壤,重施有机菌肥,补中微量元素,浅水勤灌,叶面补镁,合理负载。嫁接苗茄子黄叶是否与砧木有关,还需进行更深入的研究。

野红刺茄、番茄嫁接茄子

用野生刺茄和番茄作砧木嫁接茄子,特别对大棚栽培茄子和连茬茄果类栽培地块采用这种嫁接换根技术,增产率平均达26％,嫁接成活率达99％,防病率达95％以上。现将两种砧木嫁接技术分述如下。

土壤因子对茄黄萎病菌侵染和生长的影响

研究了土壤温度、湿度、酸碱度、土质等因子对茄黄萎病菌 (Verticillium albo-atrum) 生长和对寄主侵染的影响，结果表明，该病菌在土壤温度15～30℃范围内均能生长，而以20～25 ℃范围内生长最好；病菌在pH 6.2的土壤中生长最快；土壤含水量对病菌生长也有影响，土壤过干，病菌不能生长。病菌对茄苗的侵染受土壤温度、湿度以及土质条件等的影响，在较高温度和较高湿度条件下病菌的侵染力强，发病重；粘土条件下发病重，其次为壤土。

Effects of Liquid Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vegetables

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob- serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the root length, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber, tomato and chili seedlings; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber seedlings varied significantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight of chili and tomato varied sig- nificantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in leaf area. [Conclusion] Soaking vegetable seeds with liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer can significantly improve seed generation rate and seedling growth.

Molecular Characterization of Pythium Spp. Isolated from Tomato Seedlings in the Syrian Coast

Tomato seedlings damping-off is a limiting factor in commercial greenhouse production. To determine the causal agents of disease, sampling and fungal isolation were performed during 2012. Samples were collected from infected seedlings growing in greenhouses in the Syrian coastal region. Isolation of fungi was done in the laboratories of the Agronomical Reaserch Center, in Lattakia and the molecular analyses were done in the Biotechnology Center at Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria, during the years 2012, 2013. Eight isolates ofPythium sp. obtained were purified using hyphal tip method （named P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 and P8）. Isolates were morphologically identified by optical microscope, then molecularly Characterized using genus specific ITS primers. The results of morphological characterization of pathogenic species suggested the detection of Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum. The analysis of DNAs from the different isolates with ITS primers, recognizing the inter transcript spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA proved that the eight, isolates were belonging to the species P. ultimum. The complete sequences of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers regions of selected isolates were determined and submitted to GenBank. The GenBank-BLAST homology search revealed P. ultimum as the most similar sequence （〉 96% identity） with GenBank entry AB355596.

Intercropping with Solanum nigrum and Solanum photeinocarpum from Two Ecoclimatic Regions Promotes Growth and Reduces Cadmium Uptake of Eggplant Seedlings

Soil contamination by heavy metals is a serious environmental problem worldwide, and reduction of heavy metal accumulation in vegetables grown on contaminated land is a matter of urgency. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping with the Cd hyperaccumulators Solanum nigrum and Solanum photeinocarpum from two ecoclimatic regions, Ya＇an and Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, on the growth and cadmium （Cd） uptake of eggplant （Solanum melongena L.）. The biomass, photosynthetic pigment contents, and activities of antioxidant enzymes of eggplant were enhanced by intercropping. The biomass of eggplant was the highest after intercropping with S. photeinocarpum from Ya＇an, but did not differ significantly from that after intercropping with S. nigrum from Chengdu. The shoot Cd content of eggplant was significantly reduced by intercropping with the hyperaccumulators, which ranked as follows： S. nigrum from Chengdu 〉 S. nigrum from Ya＇an 〉 S. photeinocarpum from Chengdu 〉 S. photeinocarpum from Ya＇an, with the decreases being 19.60%, 14.36%, 9.66%, and 6.42%, respectively, as compared with the control. The lowest shoot Cd content and translocation factor of eggplant were attained after intercropping with S. nigvum from Chengdu. Therefore, it was feasible to intercrop eggplant with S. nigrum and S. photeinocarpurn on Cd-contaminated soil.