[Objective] This study aimed to explore optimum conditions for papain-as- sisted extraction of polysaccharides from Agrocybe aegirit. [Method] Because enzyme is capable of destroying organizational structure of cells,...[Objective] This study aimed to explore optimum conditions for papain-as- sisted extraction of polysaccharides from Agrocybe aegirit. [Method] Because enzyme is capable of destroying organizational structure of cells, papain was selected to cat- alyze cells to let polysaccharides out. An orthogonal experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time, enzyme concentra- tion and solid to liquid ratio on extraction of polysaccharides from A. aegirit. [Result] Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum papain-assisted extraction conditions were obtained： hydrolysis temperature, 45 ℃; hydrolysis time, 2 h; enzyme concen- tration 2%; solid to liquid ratio, 1：80. [Conclusion] This study will provide a reference for extraction of polysaccharides from A. aegirit.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study if the fermentation broth of Kombucha has protein with antimicrobial activity. [Method] The effects of different cultivation time on cell concentration, pH, total protein concentration...[Objective] The aim was to study if the fermentation broth of Kombucha has protein with antimicrobial activity. [Method] The effects of different cultivation time on cell concentration, pH, total protein concentration and inhibition zone were studied. The fermentation broth of Kombucha on the sixth day was adjusted to different pH. Fermentation broth treated with protease was put into the plates of Escherichia co/i, Bacillus cereue and Staphylococcus aureus as control, as well as ampenicilin. The zone of broth inhibition was measured. [ Result] The concentration of general protein was of positive relevance to the antimicrobial activity of Kombucha fermentation broth. The zone of inhibition decreased with rising pH and was the lowest when pH was 7. Later, as pH increasing, it enlarged. The inhibition effect of processed protease reduced remarkably. [ Conclusion] The fermentation broth of Kombucha revealed antimicrobial proteins.展开更多
The phenc, lic compounds found in mango fruit are antioxidants, and contribute to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Mango carotenoids are synthesized in mango fruit during ripening. A major by-produc...The phenc, lic compounds found in mango fruit are antioxidants, and contribute to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Mango carotenoids are synthesized in mango fruit during ripening. A major by-product of mango fruit is the skin, which is available after the fruits is consumed or used, particularly in the preparation of jams and fruit juices by the fruit canning industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary mango skin （MS） or mango skin combined with paprika extracts （PE） on production performance, egg quality, and egg yolk polyphenols. Total of 60 44-week-old Boris Brown hens was assigned, based on egg production rate and body weight, to 6 groups （10 birds in each group）. The laying hens were fed a basal diet （control group, 18 CP, 2,800 kcal/kg ME）, a basal diet supplemented with 0.1% PE, 1% or 5% MS, or with a mixture of 0.1% PE with 1% or 5% MS respectively. During the three-week experimental feeding period, the birds had free access to feed and water. Feed consumption was measured weekly and egg production was recorded daily. The results for initial body weight, feed consumption, hen-day production, egg mass, mortality, and final body weight did not indicate any effects of the different treatments （P 〉 0.05）. There were no significant differences （P 〉 0.05） in shell-breaking strength, shell thickness, shell ratio, yolk ratio or Haugh units, except in the case of egg yolk color. Roche yolk color fan scores were better in all experimental groups than in the control （P 〈 0.0001）. The yolk color, yellow index, and ratio of redness to yellowness were greater （P 〈 0.0001） in the 0.1% PE, the 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and the 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS group than in the 1%, 5% MS, and control groups. Compared with the control, lightness was decreased significantly in the 0.1% PE, the 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and the 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS groups （P 〈 0.05）, whereas redness was increased significantly in the 0.1% PE, 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS groups （P 〈 0.0001）. No significant differences among the treatments were observed in either yellowness or egg yolk polyphenols. The results of the present experiment indicate that dietary mango skin or mango skin combined with paprika extracts did not show adverse effects on production performance, egg quality or egg yolk polyphenols. Moreover, supplementation with only mango skin did not enhance egg yolk color.展开更多
The binding of （-）-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate （EGCG） to bovine serum albumin （BSA） were investigated for the first time with spectral methods, including fluorescence and absorption spectrometry under simulativ...The binding of （-）-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate （EGCG） to bovine serum albumin （BSA） were investigated for the first time with spectral methods, including fluorescence and absorption spectrometry under simulative physiological conditions. A strong fluorescence quenching reaction of EGCG to BSA was observed. It was proved that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by addition of EGCG was a result of the formation of EGCG-BSA complex. The binding constant K and the number of binding sites n were determined at physiological conditions and three different temperatures with fluorescence quenching method. The binding distance R and transfer efficiency E between BSA and EGCG were also obtained according to Forster theory of non-radiation energy transfer. The effects of Al^3＋, Cu^2＋, Mg^2＋ and Fe^2＋ on the binding constant between EGCG and BSA were studied at 298 K. The effect of EGCG on the conformation of BSA was also analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. PACS. 21. 10. Dr; 32. 50. ＋d; 32. 30. Jc; 82.80. Dx展开更多
Objective: To observe effects of Dan Wei Powder (胆胃散 Powder for treating the gall bladder and stomach) Tea Bag (DWSTB) on the aggregation rate of blood platelet in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Increase of the platel...Objective: To observe effects of Dan Wei Powder (胆胃散 Powder for treating the gall bladder and stomach) Tea Bag (DWSTB) on the aggregation rate of blood platelet in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Increase of the platelet aggregation rate in the rat in vivo was induced by carrageenin, and increase of the rabbit platelet aggregation rate in vitro was induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, respectively. The effects of DWSTB on the platelet aggregation rate were investigated in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Results: The maximum in vivo platelet aggregation rate in the rat was significantly decreased after administration of 2.0 and 4.0 g·kg-1 DWSTB (P<0.05.P<0.01). The maximum rabbit platelet aggregation rate induced by ADP and collagen in vitro were suppressed significantly by 2.0-16.0 mg·mL-1 and 2.0-8.0 mg·mL-1 DWSTB, respectively (P<0.05.P<0.01). And the effect of DWSTB on platelet aggregation was raised with increase ofits dose. Conclusion: Dan Wei Powder Tea Bag can restrain the aggregation of platelet in vivo and in vitro.展开更多
The interaction between BSA and epicatechin was studied using fluorescence quenching titrations combined with trilinear decomposition method and excitation-emission matrix(EEM)fluorescence.The resolved spectra were hi...The interaction between BSA and epicatechin was studied using fluorescence quenching titrations combined with trilinear decomposition method and excitation-emission matrix(EEM)fluorescence.The resolved spectra were highly similar with the actual ones which indicated that the resolved results were reliable.The relevant parameters of the binding process were obtained by quantifying each substance in the complicated mixtures in situ.The quenching was static quenching,epicatechin had a weak interaction with BSA and the binding site was one.The total concentration and the free concentration of quenchers had different effect on the system.The results demonstrated that the method exploited in this article is a useful tool to investigate complicated interactions,avoiding complicated pretreatment and simplify experimental procedure.展开更多
基金Supported by Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31201242/C130405)Science Research Program of Education Department of Hubei Province(Q20143004)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore optimum conditions for papain-as- sisted extraction of polysaccharides from Agrocybe aegirit. [Method] Because enzyme is capable of destroying organizational structure of cells, papain was selected to cat- alyze cells to let polysaccharides out. An orthogonal experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time, enzyme concentra- tion and solid to liquid ratio on extraction of polysaccharides from A. aegirit. [Result] Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum papain-assisted extraction conditions were obtained： hydrolysis temperature, 45 ℃; hydrolysis time, 2 h; enzyme concen- tration 2%; solid to liquid ratio, 1：80. [Conclusion] This study will provide a reference for extraction of polysaccharides from A. aegirit.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Beijing Educational DepartmentBeijing Higher School Personnel Teaching Program
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study if the fermentation broth of Kombucha has protein with antimicrobial activity. [Method] The effects of different cultivation time on cell concentration, pH, total protein concentration and inhibition zone were studied. The fermentation broth of Kombucha on the sixth day was adjusted to different pH. Fermentation broth treated with protease was put into the plates of Escherichia co/i, Bacillus cereue and Staphylococcus aureus as control, as well as ampenicilin. The zone of broth inhibition was measured. [ Result] The concentration of general protein was of positive relevance to the antimicrobial activity of Kombucha fermentation broth. The zone of inhibition decreased with rising pH and was the lowest when pH was 7. Later, as pH increasing, it enlarged. The inhibition effect of processed protease reduced remarkably. [ Conclusion] The fermentation broth of Kombucha revealed antimicrobial proteins.
文摘The phenc, lic compounds found in mango fruit are antioxidants, and contribute to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Mango carotenoids are synthesized in mango fruit during ripening. A major by-product of mango fruit is the skin, which is available after the fruits is consumed or used, particularly in the preparation of jams and fruit juices by the fruit canning industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary mango skin （MS） or mango skin combined with paprika extracts （PE） on production performance, egg quality, and egg yolk polyphenols. Total of 60 44-week-old Boris Brown hens was assigned, based on egg production rate and body weight, to 6 groups （10 birds in each group）. The laying hens were fed a basal diet （control group, 18 CP, 2,800 kcal/kg ME）, a basal diet supplemented with 0.1% PE, 1% or 5% MS, or with a mixture of 0.1% PE with 1% or 5% MS respectively. During the three-week experimental feeding period, the birds had free access to feed and water. Feed consumption was measured weekly and egg production was recorded daily. The results for initial body weight, feed consumption, hen-day production, egg mass, mortality, and final body weight did not indicate any effects of the different treatments （P 〉 0.05）. There were no significant differences （P 〉 0.05） in shell-breaking strength, shell thickness, shell ratio, yolk ratio or Haugh units, except in the case of egg yolk color. Roche yolk color fan scores were better in all experimental groups than in the control （P 〈 0.0001）. The yolk color, yellow index, and ratio of redness to yellowness were greater （P 〈 0.0001） in the 0.1% PE, the 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and the 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS group than in the 1%, 5% MS, and control groups. Compared with the control, lightness was decreased significantly in the 0.1% PE, the 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and the 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS groups （P 〈 0.05）, whereas redness was increased significantly in the 0.1% PE, 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS groups （P 〈 0.0001）. No significant differences among the treatments were observed in either yellowness or egg yolk polyphenols. The results of the present experiment indicate that dietary mango skin or mango skin combined with paprika extracts did not show adverse effects on production performance, egg quality or egg yolk polyphenols. Moreover, supplementation with only mango skin did not enhance egg yolk color.
文摘The binding of （-）-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate （EGCG） to bovine serum albumin （BSA） were investigated for the first time with spectral methods, including fluorescence and absorption spectrometry under simulative physiological conditions. A strong fluorescence quenching reaction of EGCG to BSA was observed. It was proved that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by addition of EGCG was a result of the formation of EGCG-BSA complex. The binding constant K and the number of binding sites n were determined at physiological conditions and three different temperatures with fluorescence quenching method. The binding distance R and transfer efficiency E between BSA and EGCG were also obtained according to Forster theory of non-radiation energy transfer. The effects of Al^3＋, Cu^2＋, Mg^2＋ and Fe^2＋ on the binding constant between EGCG and BSA were studied at 298 K. The effect of EGCG on the conformation of BSA was also analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. PACS. 21. 10. Dr; 32. 50. ＋d; 32. 30. Jc; 82.80. Dx
文摘Objective: To observe effects of Dan Wei Powder (胆胃散 Powder for treating the gall bladder and stomach) Tea Bag (DWSTB) on the aggregation rate of blood platelet in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Increase of the platelet aggregation rate in the rat in vivo was induced by carrageenin, and increase of the rabbit platelet aggregation rate in vitro was induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, respectively. The effects of DWSTB on the platelet aggregation rate were investigated in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Results: The maximum in vivo platelet aggregation rate in the rat was significantly decreased after administration of 2.0 and 4.0 g·kg-1 DWSTB (P<0.05.P<0.01). The maximum rabbit platelet aggregation rate induced by ADP and collagen in vitro were suppressed significantly by 2.0-16.0 mg·mL-1 and 2.0-8.0 mg·mL-1 DWSTB, respectively (P<0.05.P<0.01). And the effect of DWSTB on platelet aggregation was raised with increase ofits dose. Conclusion: Dan Wei Powder Tea Bag can restrain the aggregation of platelet in vivo and in vitro.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21175041)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB910602)
文摘The interaction between BSA and epicatechin was studied using fluorescence quenching titrations combined with trilinear decomposition method and excitation-emission matrix(EEM)fluorescence.The resolved spectra were highly similar with the actual ones which indicated that the resolved results were reliable.The relevant parameters of the binding process were obtained by quantifying each substance in the complicated mixtures in situ.The quenching was static quenching,epicatechin had a weak interaction with BSA and the binding site was one.The total concentration and the free concentration of quenchers had different effect on the system.The results demonstrated that the method exploited in this article is a useful tool to investigate complicated interactions,avoiding complicated pretreatment and simplify experimental procedure.
