茶质纸-醋纤二复合滤嘴在卷烟中的应用

为降低吸烟对人体的危害，进行了由绿茶制成的茶质纸-醋酸纤维二复合滤嘴（茶质滤嘴）在卷烟中的应用试验。结果表明：与对照滤嘴卷烟相比，①茶质滤嘴卷烟焦油、烟气烟碱降低10％左右，而CO无明显变化；②茶质滤嘴卷烟烟气气相自由基和固相自由基分别降低26．25％-27．14％和28．15％-30．64％；③茶质滤嘴卷烟烟气中NNN、NAT、NAB、NNK及总TSNAs分别降低19．88％-20．29％、15．3％-16．89％、25．53％-26．53％、18．02％-19．10％和18．68％-19．25％；④茶质滤嘴卷烟烟气中苯并[a]芘、苯并[a]蒽、蕴和总PAHs分别降低26．27％-27．87％、26．42％-26．61％、22．37％-24．57％、24．76％-25．58％；⑤茶质滤嘴卷烟烟气中ο-苯二酚、m-苯二酚、P-甲酚、总酚分别降低32．02％-33．07％、36．36％-36．84％、39．13％-39．22％、16．47％-17．61％。而P-苯二酚和苯酚的降低幅度小于10％；⑥茶质滤嘴卷烟的感官质量无明显变化。

茶质滤嘴降低卷烟烟气中亚硝胺的效果

为研究茶质滤嘴降低卷烟烟气中亚硝胺,利用气相色谱仪-热能检测器(TEA)分离检测卷烟烟气中NNN、NAT、NAB、NNK四种烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs)的含量。实验方法包括:卷烟烟气的捕集、二氯甲烷超声萃取剑桥滤片中TSNAs、萃取液经碱性氧化铝层析纯化,洗脱液的浓缩、纯化。检测结果表明:与普通滤嘴卷烟相比,烤烟型茶质滤嘴卷烟烟气中NNN、NAT、NAB、NNK、亚硝胺总量分别降低了16.88%、15.12%、26.04%、11.39%、14.61%;混合型茶质滤嘴卷烟烟气中NNN、NAT、NAB、NNK分别降低了23.04%、11.62%、17.41%、17.38%、17.41%。

茶质滤嘴的祛烟瘾减害作用研究

吸烟可以引起一系列严重疾病,吸烟对健康的危害已成为人类面临的重大公共卫生问题。尽管科学研究和医疗工作者试验了各种方法,但是效果仍不理想,控烟已成为一个世界性难题。为了寻找破解这一难题的新战略,我们研制了一种茶质滤嘴(国际发明专利:PCT/CN2009/000763)可以对吸烟依赖有明显的祛致瘾作用,而且初步探明了其作用机理。在第一批临床试验发现,吸烟志愿者使用茶质滤嘴两个月,吸烟量减少52%左右,其中31%减少到0。在另一批临床试验发现,吸烟志愿者使用茶质滤嘴三个月,吸烟量在第一、二和三个月分别减少约48%,83%和91%,在最后一个月每天吸烟量由原来平均每天24.5支减少到每天3支左右(ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier:NCT00971529)。动物试验发现,茶质滤嘴中的茶氨酸可以明显抑制小鼠对尼古丁的偏爱,与尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)抑制剂有类似的效果。测定小鼠脑nAChRs发现,茶氨酸处理动物可以抑制尼古丁引起的三种尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体亚基的表达上调,而且多巴胺释放增加受到明显抑制。茶质滤嘴还可以明显降低吸烟产生的有害物质,降低吸烟引起动物的急性毒性和慢性致癌性。本工作发现了抑制烟草和尼古丁成瘾的新物质,茶质滤嘴和茶氨酸,提供了一种可以战胜吸烟危害的新策略。该工作的实施和推广将可以保护当代和后代免受吸烟对健康、社会、环境和经济造成的破坏性影响,对建设和谐的人类文明社会和国民经济的持续发展具有重要意义。

茶质滤嘴的祛烟瘾减害作用研究

吸烟可以引起一系列严重疾病,吸烟对健康的危害已成为人类面临的重大公共卫生问题.尽管科学研究和医疗工作者实验了各种方法,但是效果仍不理想,控烟已成为一个世界性难题.为了寻找破解这一难题的新对策,研制了一种茶质滤嘴(国际发明专利号:PCT/CN2009/000763)可以对吸烟依赖有明显的祛致瘾作用,并初步探明了其作用机理.第一批临床实验发现,吸烟志愿者使用茶质滤嘴2个月,吸烟量减少52%左右,其中31%减少到0.另一批临床实验发现,吸烟志愿者使用茶质滤嘴3个月,吸烟量在第1,2和3个月分别减少约48%,83%和91%,在最后一个月每天吸烟量由原来平均每天24.5支减少到每天3支左右.动物实验发现,茶质滤嘴中的茶氨酸可以明显抑制尼古丁在小鼠中引起的条件性位置偏爱,与尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)抑制剂有类似的效果.测定小鼠脑nAChRs发现,茶氨酸处理动物可以抑制尼古丁引起的3种尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体亚基的表达上调,而且多巴胺释放增加受到明显抑制.茶质滤嘴还可以明显降低吸烟产生的有害物质,降低吸烟引起动物的急性毒性和慢性致癌性.本工作发现了抑制烟草和尼古丁成瘾的新物质——茶质滤嘴和茶氨酸,提供了一种可以战胜吸烟危害的新策略.该工作的实施和推广将可以保护当代和后代免受吸烟对健康、社会、环境和经济造成的破坏性影响,对建设和谐的人类文明社会和国民经济的持续发展具有重要意义.

茶叶在卷烟中的应用进展

茶叶中含有大量对人体有益的活性物质,将茶叶应用到卷烟,不仅可以有效地降低卷烟烟气中的有害成分,增加烟香,改善卷烟吸食品质,而且对丰富"中式卷烟"的内涵也有着积极作用。本文简述了近年来茶叶在卷烟中的应用进展,并进行展望,以期为后续研究提供理论依据。

茶叶降低吸烟危害的研究现状与展望

综合当前茶叶减轻吸烟危害的最新研究成果,分别从基础研究和具体应用两个方面作较为详尽的阐述,最后指出推广茶质滤嘴在卷烟中的应用,加强茶叶减轻吸烟危害作用机理的研究,应是茶叶综合利用和卷烟降焦减害的共同努力方向。

茶汁豆腐的工艺研究

以大豆、茶叶为主要原料，利用葡萄糖酸─δ─内脂（GDL）为凝固剂，研制豆腐。其最佳参数：豆乳浓度14°Brix，茶汁浓度为茶水比1：3．5，豆乳茶汁比4：1，GDL添加量0．30％，该产品呈淡绿色，具有一定的茶香味和纯正的豆香味。

Documentation Concordance,Sharing and Utilization of Tea Germplasm Resources in Yunnan

In this paper,the research achievements and progress of Yunnan tea germplasm resource in past sixty years are systematically reviewed from the following aspects：exploration,collecting,conservation,protection,identification,evaluation and shared utilization.Simultaneously,the current problems and the suggestions about subsequent development of tea germplasm resources in Yunnan were discussed,including superior and rare germplasm collection,tea genetic diversity research,biotechnology utilization in tea germplasm innovation,super gene exploration and function,the construction of utilization platform,biological base of species and population conservation.

Study on Rational Fertilization Scheme for Mulberry(Morus alba Linn) Used for Tea

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate effects of application amounts of N, P and K and their ratio on tea quality components in mulberry leaves. [Method] Effects of sole application and combined application of N, P and K on the yield and tea quality components of spring mulberry leaves were studied by 3-factor 3-level experiment, based on previous experiments. [Result] Combined ap- plication of 3 of N, P and K was better than sole application and combined appli- cation of 2 from them. Insufficient or excessive fertilization both significantly reduced yield of mulberry leaves and contents of tea quality components, such as 1-de- oxynojimycin （DNJ）, flavonoids, tea polyphenols and amino acids. With the yield of spring mulberry leaves as a target, it is advised to apply N, P and K at rates of 240, 150 and 60 kg/hm^2 , respectively. [Conclusion] This study provides reference and theoretical basis for the establishment of raw material base of high-quality mul- berry tea.

Differences of Polyphenols Content in Anxi TieGuanYin Tea among Different Seasons and Relationship between Polyphenols and Tea Quality

[Objective] We aimed to investigate the differences of polyphenols content in Anxi Tieguanyin tea among different seasons and relationship between polyphenols and tea quality.[Method] The content of total polyphenols and main phenolic compounds was analyzed by spectrophotometry and HPLC and the sensory quality assessment was carried out.[Result] There were significant differences in the content of polyphenols in Anxi Tieguanyin tea among different seasons.The summer tea had a higher content of polyphenols and ester type catechins and a heavier undesirable taste with more bitterness and astringency than spring tea and autumn tea with lower quality in general.The flavonol content of spring and autumn tea was significantly higher and the color of tea soup was better.[Conclusion] This study provided a basis for the quality improvement of summer tea by regulating the content of total polyphenols and provided a basic data for chemical analysis of Oolong tea.

Establishment and Share of Tea Germplasm Database of Yunnan Province

[Objective] The paper was to establish tea germplasm database of Yunnan Province,and promote sharing of the tea germplasm resources.[Method] Eight hundred and thirty copies of tea germplasm resources of Yunnan Province were first systematically documented by using Access database software,the generic description of 631 tea resources and characteristic description of 300 tea resources were submitted for e-platform,then linked with the national e-platform for natural scientific and technological resources,and the tea germplasm database of Yunnan Province was established.[Result] Based on the conservation and utilization status of tea germplam resources,the sharing and utilization framework of tea germplam resources was presented.Many problems and suggestion about tea germplasm resources in the process of conservation,documentation concordance and sharing were pointed out.For example,conservation areas were separated and system was not completed;the main traits assessment and identification researching work had not completely accomplished and sharing was inefficient.[Conclusion] The paper laid foundation for standardized,digitized and information-based management of tea germplasm resources.

Analysis of Mineral Elements in 13 Famous Tea Varieties in Sichuan Province

This study was to analyze the mineral elements in famous tea varieties in Sichuan Province. Eighteen mineral elements in the samples of 13 famous tea varieties in Sichuan Province were measured via related instruments. The results showed, of all the 18 measured samples, that the contents of K, P, S, Ca and Mg were relatively higher（ 〉1 500 mg/kg） in famous tea varieties in Sichuan Province, while those of Ba, Cr, V, Co and Se were relatively lower（ 〈 10 mg/kg） ; compared to common green tea, the famous tea varieties in Sichuan Province contained higher contents of K, Zn, P, Na, Ni, Cu, S, Se and Co（0.38% -115.65% higher than that in common green tea）, and lower contents of Mg, Mn, AI, Ca, V, Rb, Fe and Cr（7.20% -46.67% lower than that in common green tea）; of the 13 tested tea varieties, Hongyanyingchun, Yongchuanxiuya and Qingchengxueya were rich in mineral elements, while Yuchengyunwu and Yuqiancha lacked in mineral elements. The re- suits show that Hongyanyingchun, Yongchuanxiuya and Qingchengxueya are the elites in the famous tea varieties in Sichuan Province.

Processing Technology and Quality of Low-fluoride Brick tea

In order to promote the quality of brick tea and reduce its fluoride content, the fluoride contents in leaves of 25 tea varieties at the .stage of one bud and five leaves were determined by the method of fluodde-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that the fluodde contents in the 25 varieties were in the range of 181.92-345.06 mg/kg, end the fluoride content in ＇Zhongcha 302＇ was the lowest. Based on traditional production process of brick tea, 3 new low-fluoride brick tea production processes with ＇Zhongcha 302＇ as the raw material at the stage of one bud and five leaves were constructed. The fluoride content, physicochemical in- dex, sensory end main chemical contents in the brick tea samples were determined. The best processing process of Iow-fluodde brick tea was process 3, which included aldng, fixing, rolling, second fixing, second roiling, sun-drying, pile-fermentation, steaming, pile-fermentation, drying and shaping into brick by vapor treating. The re- sults showed that the fluoride content and physicochemical index of the brick tea sample of the third low-fluoride brick tea production process accorded with National Standard GB/T 9833.4-2013. The sensory evaluation of the brick tea sample was better than that of brick tea manufacture by the traditional process. The water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water-soluble sugar in the brick tea sample increased by 9.41%, 36.39%, 26.94%, 27.23% and 15.29%, respectively. Low-fluodds bdck tea could be produced by selecting low fluoride tea varieties, controlling the tondemess of fresh leaves, and optimizing the processing technique.

武夷肉桂酚氨比与气象条件关系初探

茶叶中的茶多酚与氨基酸是决定茶味的二种很重要物质．它们的比值即酚氨比与气象条件有着密切的关系。本文构造了包含温度、日照与相对湿度等因子的气象综合指标，探讨了酚氨比与气象综合指标之间的统计关系。上述研究结果在肉桂茶树的引种、扩种、茶园小气候的调控、茶叶适制性的评估等方面有着较广泛的用途。

论择水对潮州凤凰单丛茶品质的影响

潮州凤凰茶的品饮,讲究天时地利人和,讲究茶水器具。明代许次纾《茶疏》云:“茶兹于水,水籍乎器,汤成于火,四者相须,缺一则废”[1]。茶、水、器、火是构成茶艺的基本要素。本文从择水的角度,探讨水质的不同对潮州凤凰单丛茶品质的影响。

Optimization of Cultivation Medium for Container Seedling Raising of Camellia oleifera

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal component of culti- vation medium for container seedling raising of Camellia oleifera. [Method] In the application of container nursery technology of Camellia oleifera grafting in emergent stocks, yellow clay soil, surface soil of pine forest, decomposed edible fungus, peat soil, dung and dirt were mixed by different proportions into five formulae as nursery substrates, with garden soil as the control, in order to investigate the influences of various substrates on the growth of annual Camellia oleifera container seedlings by using randomized block design based on variance analysis and multiple comparisons, and to screen the optimal substrate formula for container nursery of Camellia oleifera. [Result] The influences of different substrates on the transplanting survival rate, seedling height, basal diameter, height-diameter ratio and lateral root length of Camellia oleifera container seedlings were significantly different. Various growth indi- cators of Camellia oleifera container seedlings cultivated in the substrate containing 40% of yellow clay soil ＋ 15% of surface soil of pine forest ＋ 20% of decomposed edible fungus ＋ 20% of peat soil ＋ 5% of dung and dirt exceeded that of the control and other substrate formulae, which could be used as the optimal substrate formula for the container nursery of Camellia oleifera. [Conclusion] This study screened the optimal substrate formula for the container nursery of Camellia oleifera, which provided technical reference for the cultivation of Camellia oleifera container seedlings.

Fruit Anatomy of sect. Paracamellia with Reference to Their Significance of Germplasm Resources Exploitation

[Objective] To utilize the germplasm resources,new systematic evidence for the classification of sect.Paracamellia,genus Camellia is found in this article.[Method] Fruit anatomy of 10 species representing sect.Paracamellia was investigated.And the main component of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia was studied by MVSP software.[Result] The exocarp was thin;mesocarp was broad,having a large number of stone cells;endocarp was lignified,and separated easily from seed.The principle components analysis suggested that the distance between species was far,showing far relation;the current study did not support the formation of Camellia grijsii（C.grijsii）and Camellia yuhsienensis（C.yuhsienensis）,Camellia shensiensis（C.shensiensis）should not be recognized as a variety of C.yuhsienensis.In addition,it also proved Ming＇s combining of Camellia confusa（C.confusa）and Camellia kissi（C.kissi）was unnatural.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia.

Effects of Water─soluble Components Isolated from Salviamilltiorrhiza on Oxygen Free Radical Generation and LipidPeroxidation

The effects of water─soluble components isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza on oxygen free radical prodction and lipid peroxidation were estimated. Five components(10 μmol/L)were shown to inhibit superoxide anion generation by xanthine─xanthine oxidase system. It was also demonstrated that six components( 100 μmol/L) prevented H_2O_2─induced hemolysis and MDA fonnation in mouse erythrocytes.The effects of Sal A, Sal B, Sal C and Ros A were dose dependent. In Langendorff rat heart, pretreatment with Sal A 20μmol/L significantly prevented MDA production induced by 30 min reoxygenation after 45 min anoxia.The results indicated that there were also other potent antioxidant componentts in Salvia milliorrhiza besides Dphl and Pal. The protection of Sal A against myocardial anoxiareoxygenation inury may be mainly ascribed to its oxygen free radical scavenging activity.

Research on Geographical Indications and Cultural Heritage of Famous Tea in Hubei

In the study, analysis was made on present situation and development measures of geographical indications and cultural heritage protection of famous teas in Hubei Province. In addition, 8 related suggestions were proposed as well.