内蒙古东北部草原森林生态系统夏季森林鸟类群落

2001年和2002年6月和7月,分别对内蒙古东北部草原森林生态系统天然樟子松的幼林、中龄林、成熟林、人工中龄林,以及山杨、白桦阔叶林等不同森林类型中的繁殖期鸟类群落进行了初步研究。在研究地的林型中,共发现了19种鸟类。不同生境鸟类的种数、密度、优势度也不同。对各林型鸟类群落的多样性、相似性进行了分析,其中:天然樟子松成熟林的鸟类的种类最多达14种,多样性为1.5799;山杨、白桦阔叶林的鸟类的种类最少,为2种,多样性为0.6365;天然樟子松幼林、中龄林、人工中龄林的鸟种数分别为6、10、7种,多样性指数分别为1.3399,1.4346,1.4235。天然樟子松的中龄林与成熟林的相似性最高,山杨、白桦阔叶林与樟子松人工中龄林最低。

试论湖南道县森林、草原、湿地生态系统外来入侵物种

湖南道县森林、草原、湿地生态系统重点外来入侵物种普查,共发现重点外来入侵物种43种,分属26科38属。在开展道县林草湿生态系统重点外来入侵物种普查的基础上,分析和评估了重点外来入侵物种外来的发生趋势和发生风险,并提出防控策略,以供参考。

红花尔基草原—森林生态系统边缘效应对夏季鸟类群落结构影响

2005年6月和2006年7月,对红花尔基草原—森林过渡带鸟类群落结构进行了调查研究,共调查到鸟类6目13科25种。其中:鸦科(Corvidae)、鹀科(Emberizidae)、鹡鸰科(Motacillidae)的鸟类占观察鸟类总数的69.34%。树鹨(Anthus hodgsoni)、小嘴乌鸦(Corvus corone)、山斑鸠(Streptopelia orientalis)、沙即鸟(Oenanthe isabellina)、大嘴乌鸦(Corvus macrorhynchos)、白头鹀(Emberiza leucocephala)为本地区的优势鸟类,占观察鸟总数的72.99%。3种边缘类型生境鸟类多样性调查结果显示:灌木草原—樟子松林、白桦针阔混交林生境鸟类物种数是18种,多样性指数为2.4245;草甸草原—天然樟子松成熟林鸟类物种数是14种,多样性指数为2.2348;草甸草原—樟子松人工林鸟类物种数为11种,多样性指数为1.9485。但是树龄长的草甸草原—樟子松成熟林生境内鸟类群落的均匀度最高,为0.8388;草甸草原—樟子松人工林生境多样性指数和均匀度都显示最低,分别是1.9485、0.7841。对不同边缘距离鸟类多样性研究结果显示:在边缘50m的范围内,3种边缘类型鸟类群落多样性指数都显示最高。随着边缘距离的加大,鸟类群落多样性指数呈下降趋势,灌木草原—樟子松林、白桦针阔混交林生境下降趋势最为明显,鸟类群落显示出显著的边缘效应。

Fire temperature and residence time during dry season burning in a Sudanian savanna-woodland of West Africa with implication for seed germination

Prescribed fire is used in the Sudanian savanna-woodland of West Africa as a forest management tool. An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of season of burning, and different vertical probe positions on maximum fire temperature and temperature residence time above 60℃ which is considered lethal for plant tissues. Seasons of burning considered were： an early season fire set at the beginning of the dry season （beginning of December）, mid-season fire set at the peak of the dry season （mid-January）, and a late season fire at the end of the dry season （end of March）. The effects of these fires on the germination of buried seeds of three socio-economically valuable tree species were also examined. Results indicated significant differences in maximum fire temperature and residence time with respect to season of burning and vertical probe position （p 〈 0.001）. The highest and longest lasting temperatures were observed at 20 cm above ground during early fire and at the soil surface during mid-season and late fires. This, in turn, affected germination responses of seeds buried at different soil depths. Implications of these findings in the current management practices are discussed.