草地植物保护学科研究现状与展望

草地植保是预防和控制病、虫、草、鼠害对草地植物的危害,确保草地生态系统健康发展的一门学科。传统防治方法农药用量大且施用频繁,极易引发3R(抗性、再增猖獗和残留)问题,同时不可避免地对生态环境造成较严重的损害。因此,转变草原生物灾害的防控理念显得尤为迫切。该文从多个维度对草原主要生物灾害发生的现状、成因以及相应的防控策略与手段进行总结,并基于促进草地生态系统长期、可持续发展的目标,倡导采用一系列环境友好、操作便捷且经济高效的防治措施。此外,为促进草地生态系统绿色健康发展,践行强农兴农使命,从草原生物多样性、新型生物农药研发、生态治理等多方面组稿,探讨草地管理措施在调控草原有害生物种群动态方面所展现出的积极潜力与显著成效,以期积极推动草地植物保护学科向更高质量的方向迈进。

Screening of some indigenous herbal dyes for use in plant histological staining

The efficacies of some indigenous herbal dyes for use in staining plant materials were examined to obtain non-toxic, eco-friendly and cheap stains for use in plant histology. Dye extracts from Bixa orellana, Curcuma domestica, Lonchocarpus cyanescens and Pterocarpus osun were used to stain wood sections using the existing standard staining procedures with little modification. All the extracts had affinity for the fibre and vessel elements except the extract from L. cyanescens. The extracts from C. domestica and B. orellana had higher selectivity than those ofP. osun for fibre. From the results of the absorbance curves, each of the dye extracts from all speciese had minimum of two peaks, indicating that they had two or more colour imparting chromophores except dye extract from C. domestica. All the dye extracts were acidic with pH range of 3.77 to 6.77. Therefore, this study shows that dye extracts from B. orellana, C. domestica and P. osun could be solitarily or in combination with artificial dyes for plant histological staining.