草本精油助剂对稻田喷雾的农药沉积率增效作用

提高农药沉积率是实现农药减量增效的有效途径,在农药药液中添加喷雾助剂对于提高农药沉积率具有增效作用。本研究采用诱惑红示踪法,在氯虫苯甲酰胺药液中添加不同浓度的草本精油助剂,在水稻破口期进行田间小区实验测定农药沉积率,并且测定各处理药液的表面张力和黏度。研究结果表明:药液中添加助剂后,CK(0倍)、3000倍、1500倍和750倍处理后的平均农药沉积率分别为36.42%、46.30%、52.62%和50.25%;差异显著性分析发现添加助剂后,药液在水稻植株上的沉积率均显著大于对照处理(P<0.05);药液表面张力和黏度测定结果表明,添加助剂的药液表面张力和黏度均显著低于不添加助剂的药液(P<0.05)。研究结果说明农药药液中添加助剂改变了其表面张力和黏度值大小,有利于药液在植株上粘附沉着,从而提高了农药沉积率。

新型存储缓释抗菌纤维特征及应用技术

本文从纺织品获得抗菌功能的两种方法入手,分析了现有抗菌纺织品存在的问题,介绍了一种新型存储缓释型抗菌纤维的生产技术,研究了这种纤维对不同天然抗菌成分的适应性、缓释特征和应用优势,给出了该新型抗菌纤维在不同领域应用的初步结果。

Essential Oils Composition of Two Endemic Umbelliferae Herbs Growing Wild in Turkey

The present study was carried out to determine the essential oil composition of aerial parts of two endemic umbelliferae herbs （Malabaila lasiocarpa Boiss. and Stenotaenia macrocarpa Freyn ＆ Sint. ex Freyn） collected from Bingol （Turkey）, using headspace solid-phase microextraction method and gas chromatography （GC） interfaced with mass spectrometer analysis. Forty six and 43 compounds were identified for M. lasiocarpa and S. macrocarpa, respectively, representing 91.40% and 90.86% of their respective essential oils. Germacrene D （20.71%）,β-elemene （12.40%）, spathulenol （11.60%） and β-selinene （9.67%） were identified as the major compound of M. lasiocarpa. β-sesquiphellandrene （19.68%）, hexyl isobutyrate （12.65%） and octanal （9.53%） were found to be the major compounds ofS. macrocarpa. Essential oil composition ofM. lasiocarpa has been determined for the first time and the results have been discussed in view of chemotaxonomy, natural products and potential usefulness of these plants.