Release programs to enhance stocks of ark shell(Anadara broughtonii) have been undertaken in a number of Asian countries,but their effectiveness has rarely been investigated owing to a lack of marking methods.The qual...Release programs to enhance stocks of ark shell(Anadara broughtonii) have been undertaken in a number of Asian countries,but their effectiveness has rarely been investigated owing to a lack of marking methods.The quality and longevity of fluorescent markers,alizarin red S(ARS) and calcein(CAL)(200 and 300 mg/L),as well as clip tags,were tested on juvenile A.broughtonii.No significant differences in survival or shell growth were observed in juveniles stained with either of the two fluorochromes after a 160-day culture period,but the retention rate was 100%after 1 year.Fluorescent marks(>grade 3) were observable microscopically in juveniles stained with the two fluorochromes,and some fluorescent marks(>grade 4) were visible with the naked eye after 1 year.ARS-marked shells were brighter than those marked with CAL,and shells marked with 300 mg/L of the fluorochromes were easier to detect than those marked with 200 mg/L.Clip tags were incorporated into the shell as the bivalve grew,and the retention rate was64.25%after 160 days.Significant differences in survival(at 30 days),shell length(at 60,90,120,and 160days),and wet weight(at 90,120,and 160 days) were observed between the clip-tagged and control groups(all P<0.05),indicating that the tags may have passive effects on the ark shell.The results suggest that both ARS and CAL are suitable to mark A.broughtonii for large-scale restocking programs,and that optimal marking quality was achieved with 300 mg/L ARS.Lighter and smaller clip tags need to be developed to reduce injury and increase survival rate of clams.展开更多
Nanoparticles have enormous potential for bioimaging and biolabeling applications, in which conventional organically based fluorescent labels degrade and fail to provide long-term tracking. Thus, the development of ap...Nanoparticles have enormous potential for bioimaging and biolabeling applications, in which conventional organically based fluorescent labels degrade and fail to provide long-term tracking. Thus, the development of approaches to make fluorescent probes water soluble and label cells efficient is desirable for most biological applications. Here, we report on the fabrication and charac- terization of self-assembled nanodots （SANDs） from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane （APTES） as a probe for protein labeling. We show that fluorescent SAND probes exhibit both bright photoluminescence and biocompatibility in an aqueous environment. Selective in vitro imaging using protein and carbohydrate labeling of hepatoma cell lines are demonstrated using biocompatible SANDs conjugated with avidin and galactose, respectively. Cytotoxicity tests show that conjugated SAND particles have negligible effects on cell proliferation. Unlike other synthetic systems that require multistep treatments to achieve robust surface functionalization and to develop flexible bioconjugation strategies, our results demonstrate the versatility of this one-step SAND fabrication method for creating multicolor fluorescent probes with the tailored functionalities, effident emission, as well as excellent biocompatibility, required for broad biological use.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201003068)the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation(No.201305043)
文摘Release programs to enhance stocks of ark shell(Anadara broughtonii) have been undertaken in a number of Asian countries,but their effectiveness has rarely been investigated owing to a lack of marking methods.The quality and longevity of fluorescent markers,alizarin red S(ARS) and calcein(CAL)(200 and 300 mg/L),as well as clip tags,were tested on juvenile A.broughtonii.No significant differences in survival or shell growth were observed in juveniles stained with either of the two fluorochromes after a 160-day culture period,but the retention rate was 100%after 1 year.Fluorescent marks(>grade 3) were observable microscopically in juveniles stained with the two fluorochromes,and some fluorescent marks(>grade 4) were visible with the naked eye after 1 year.ARS-marked shells were brighter than those marked with CAL,and shells marked with 300 mg/L of the fluorochromes were easier to detect than those marked with 200 mg/L.Clip tags were incorporated into the shell as the bivalve grew,and the retention rate was64.25%after 160 days.Significant differences in survival(at 30 days),shell length(at 60,90,120,and 160days),and wet weight(at 90,120,and 160 days) were observed between the clip-tagged and control groups(all P<0.05),indicating that the tags may have passive effects on the ark shell.The results suggest that both ARS and CAL are suitable to mark A.broughtonii for large-scale restocking programs,and that optimal marking quality was achieved with 300 mg/L ARS.Lighter and smaller clip tags need to be developed to reduce injury and increase survival rate of clams.
文摘Nanoparticles have enormous potential for bioimaging and biolabeling applications, in which conventional organically based fluorescent labels degrade and fail to provide long-term tracking. Thus, the development of approaches to make fluorescent probes water soluble and label cells efficient is desirable for most biological applications. Here, we report on the fabrication and charac- terization of self-assembled nanodots （SANDs） from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane （APTES） as a probe for protein labeling. We show that fluorescent SAND probes exhibit both bright photoluminescence and biocompatibility in an aqueous environment. Selective in vitro imaging using protein and carbohydrate labeling of hepatoma cell lines are demonstrated using biocompatible SANDs conjugated with avidin and galactose, respectively. Cytotoxicity tests show that conjugated SAND particles have negligible effects on cell proliferation. Unlike other synthetic systems that require multistep treatments to achieve robust surface functionalization and to develop flexible bioconjugation strategies, our results demonstrate the versatility of this one-step SAND fabrication method for creating multicolor fluorescent probes with the tailored functionalities, effident emission, as well as excellent biocompatibility, required for broad biological use.
