目的阐明艾多沙班药代动力学相互作用(PK-DDI)的机制和剂量调整意见,为临床合理联合用药提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、维普网中艾多沙班的药物相互作用(DDIs)文献,结合2021年欧洲心律协会指南、美国...目的阐明艾多沙班药代动力学相互作用(PK-DDI)的机制和剂量调整意见,为临床合理联合用药提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、维普网中艾多沙班的药物相互作用(DDIs)文献,结合2021年欧洲心律协会指南、美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)说明书、欧盟产品特性概要(SmPC)和Lexicomp数据库,总结不同种类药物与艾多沙班的PK-DDI机制、临床证据以及推荐剂量调整方法。结果共涉及17类69种药品,其中无需调整剂量药品24种和需要禁用、慎用或者需要调整剂量药品45种。结论艾多沙班PK-DDI涉及多种药品,机制主要与CYP3A4和P-糖蛋白抑制剂/诱导剂相关,但是目前PK数据缺乏。此外患者的个体特征和疾病状态也会对艾多沙班的体内过程产生影响,目前对于多因素的研究较欠缺,需进一步研究为临床合理用药提供证据。展开更多
Background/Aims:To compare the pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,and antiviral activity of peginterferon alfa-2b and peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1.Methods:Thirty-six patie...Background/Aims:To compare the pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,and antiviral activity of peginterferon alfa-2b and peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1.Methods:Thirty-six patients were randomised to peginterferon alfa-2b(1.5 μ g/kg/week) or peginterferon alfa-2a(180 μ g/week) for 4 weeks,then in combination with ribavirin(13 mg/kg/day) for a further 4 weeks.The pharmacokinetic profile of both peginterferons,mRNA expression of a selected group of interferon-induced gene transcripts,and serum HCV-RNA levels were assessed.Results:Patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2b had significantly greater up-regul-ation of interferon-alfa response genes compared with those receiving peginterferon alfa-2a.Correspondingly,patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2b also had a significantly greater log10 maximum and log10 time-weighted average decrease in serum HCV-RNA.A greater proportion of peginterferon alfa-2b patients achieved a ≥ 2.0 log10 reduction in serum HCV-RNA levels by week 8(72% vs 44% of peginterferon alfa-2a patients,P = 0.09) .There was an approximately 16-fold greater exposure to peginterferon in the serum of patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the biological activity,measured by early interferon-induced gene transcripts and early antiviral responsiveness,may have been greater in patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2b despite their lower exposure to the drug compared with patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a.展开更多
文摘目的阐明艾多沙班药代动力学相互作用(PK-DDI)的机制和剂量调整意见,为临床合理联合用药提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、维普网中艾多沙班的药物相互作用(DDIs)文献,结合2021年欧洲心律协会指南、美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)说明书、欧盟产品特性概要(SmPC)和Lexicomp数据库,总结不同种类药物与艾多沙班的PK-DDI机制、临床证据以及推荐剂量调整方法。结果共涉及17类69种药品,其中无需调整剂量药品24种和需要禁用、慎用或者需要调整剂量药品45种。结论艾多沙班PK-DDI涉及多种药品,机制主要与CYP3A4和P-糖蛋白抑制剂/诱导剂相关,但是目前PK数据缺乏。此外患者的个体特征和疾病状态也会对艾多沙班的体内过程产生影响,目前对于多因素的研究较欠缺,需进一步研究为临床合理用药提供证据。
文摘目的:探讨“冬病夏治”全方配伍和无白芥子配伍延胡索乙素在模型家兔“肺俞”穴皮下药代动力学特征及药代动力学-药效动力学(PK-PD)模型的相关性。方法:支气管哮喘模型家兔随机分成延胡索单方组、缺白芥子组、全方组,微透析技术收集14 h穴位皮下透析液,液相色谱-质谱法(Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,LCMS)法检测方中君药延胡索主要成分延胡索乙素浓度,获得药代动力学参数;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测对应时间点模型动物血清中IgE水平,获得药效学参数;对药动学、药效学参数进行PK-PD模型拟合。结果:白芥子配伍后的药峰浓度(C_(max))、药时曲线下面积(AUC_(0-t))、平均滞留时间(MRT_(0-t))均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05),达峰时间(T_(max))提前(P<0.01);“浓度-时间-效应”三维曲线表明,方中有白芥子配伍时,药效出现更快、消退更慢,起效时间晚于峰浓度,具有一定滞后性。结论:动力学参数、PK-PD模型结果表明,白芥子配伍能够改变“方中君药”——延胡索的主要成分延胡索乙素穴位局部的皮下分布,促进方中君药有效成分快速吸收,延长滞留时间,在方剂中起到主药、改善其他药物分布的“双重”作用。
文摘Background/Aims:To compare the pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,and antiviral activity of peginterferon alfa-2b and peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1.Methods:Thirty-six patients were randomised to peginterferon alfa-2b(1.5 μ g/kg/week) or peginterferon alfa-2a(180 μ g/week) for 4 weeks,then in combination with ribavirin(13 mg/kg/day) for a further 4 weeks.The pharmacokinetic profile of both peginterferons,mRNA expression of a selected group of interferon-induced gene transcripts,and serum HCV-RNA levels were assessed.Results:Patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2b had significantly greater up-regul-ation of interferon-alfa response genes compared with those receiving peginterferon alfa-2a.Correspondingly,patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2b also had a significantly greater log10 maximum and log10 time-weighted average decrease in serum HCV-RNA.A greater proportion of peginterferon alfa-2b patients achieved a ≥ 2.0 log10 reduction in serum HCV-RNA levels by week 8(72% vs 44% of peginterferon alfa-2a patients,P = 0.09) .There was an approximately 16-fold greater exposure to peginterferon in the serum of patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the biological activity,measured by early interferon-induced gene transcripts and early antiviral responsiveness,may have been greater in patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2b despite their lower exposure to the drug compared with patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a.