苯巴比妥联合咪达唑仑治疗小儿高热惊厥的药学作用机制研究

探讨分析小儿高热惊厥于治疗期间联合应用苯巴比妥、咪达唑仑的药学作用机制。方法:本次对照研究起止时间为2020年6月-2021年6月,研究对象均选自本院收治的小儿高热惊厥患儿,共计100例,遵循方便抽样法分组原则将患儿均匀划分为两组,设定为对照组和观察组,前者给予苯巴比妥单药治疗,后者应用苯巴比妥、咪达唑仑联合治疗方法,对比分析药学作用,评估指标包含临床疗效、临床症状消失时间、不良反应发生率以及生命体征恢复时间。结果:用药后,对照组临床治疗有效率为82.00%、观察组临床治疗有效率为96.00%,P<0.05;对比评估对照组、观察组患儿用药后不良反应发生率P>0.05;参照对照组评估结果,研究可见观察组临床症状消失时间均较短P<0.05;且观察组生命体征恢复时间较短于对照组P<0.05。结论:于小儿高热惊厥治疗期间采取苯巴比妥、咪达唑仑联合用药方案可以促进临床症状尽早恢复,确保患儿生命体征处于稳定状态,具有较高的用药安全性以及有效性,可借鉴和推广。

脂质体载药系统经皮给药的研究进展

脂质体是一类具有特殊性质的磷脂 ,近几年已开始被广泛用作多种药物的载体。药物经皮给药系统是药剂学中的一新兴的领域 ,通过脂质体包埋技术制备的各种经皮给药系统同样在我国的制药和化妆品行业得到广泛应用。通过对脂质体的组成及一般特性、脂质体载药系统经皮给药的药剂学促透机制和最新的基础实验和应用研究进展的综合分析后显示 ,脂质体包裹技术在国内相关领域中的应用将具广阔的前景。

Systematic Pharmacological Strategies to Explore the Regulatory Mechanism of Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction on COVID-19

Objective To use systematic pharmacological strategies to explore the regulatory mechanisms of Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction(MXSGD)against the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods Data on the compounds and targets of MXSGD were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicene Systems Parmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and TCM Databases@Taiwan.Data on ACE2-related targets and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)were collected from the String database.The Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct and analyze the networks.The DAVID platform was used for Gene Ontology(GO)and pathway enrichment analyses.Results Data on 272 MXSGD targets and 21 SARS-CoV-2 potential targets were collected.Four networks were constructed and analyzed based on the data:(1)compound-target network of MXSGD;(2)MXSGD-SARS-CoV-2-PPI network;(3)cluster of MXSGD-SARS-CoV-2-PPI network;(4)Herb-Pathway-Target network.The core targets included AKT1,MAPK3,IL-6,TP53,VEGFA,TNF,CASP3,EGFR,EGF and MAPK1.The antiviral biological processes were inflammatory responses(inflammatory cells,inflammatory cytokines and their signaling pathways),immune responses(T cells,monocytes,B cells and other immune cells),immune factors(IFN-γ,TNF-αand so on),virus defense,humoral immunity and mucosal innate immune response.The antivirus-related signaling pathways included TNF,NOD-like receptor,FoxO,PI3K-AKT and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.Conclusions MXSGD can control disease progression by regulating multiple compounds and targets;it can reduce inflammation and balance immunity by regulating several proteins that interact with ACE2 and signaling pathways closely related to disease development.

Network Pharmacology-based Analysis of the Mechanism of Action of the Herb Pair Chai Hu-Bai Shao

Objective To analyze the mechanism of action and compatibility of the active compounds of the traditional herb pair Bupleuri Radix(Chai Hu,CH,柴胡)-Paeoniae Radix Alba(Bai Shao,BS,白芍).Methods All chemical compounds related to CH and BS were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID),Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Batman-TCM),Traditional Chinese Medicine Database@Taiwan(TCM Database@Taiwan),and the literature.Relevant compounds were screened for oral bioavailability(OB),drug-likeness(DL),and the Caco-2 cell model.The Uniprot,Genecard,and CTD databases were used to obtain information on potential targets and diseases of associated compounds.Based on this,Cytoscape 3.2.1 software,GO enrichment analysis,and KEGG pathway enrichment were used to analyze the potential mechanism of action and pathways of the CH-BS drug combination.Results A total of 23 active compounds of CH and BS were indentified after meeting specific criteria by network pharmacology,showing 79 predicted targets of active compounds.Among them,all targets were associated with 344 diseases,and the compounds in CH and BS were connected to 94 pathways and biological,such as calcium signaling pathway,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and TNF signaling pathway.Conclusions Our results preliminarily validated the main compounds in CH-BS herb pair interacted with multiple targets in different diseases,and the molecular mechanism of these compounds involves multiple pathways,thereby establishing a good foundation for further studies.

Exploring the Action Mechanism of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Based on Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to explore the molecular mechanism of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in the treatment of glioblastoma(GBM)by using the methods of bioinformatics and network pharmacology.Methods The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and literature retrieval method were applied to obtain the active ingredients of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica),and to predict the relevant targets of the active ingredients.The GBM-related targets were retrieved and screened through the Gene Expression Profling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)database,and mapped to each other with the targets of the components of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)to obtain the intersection targets.The GBM differentially expressed gene targets were imported into the String database to obtain the protein interaction relationship,the Cytoscape software was used to draw the protein interaction network,the Cytobba and MCODE plug-ins were used to screen the core genes and important protein interaction modules,and the GEPIA database was applied to make survival analysis of the core genes.The network map of“active ingredients-targets”was constructed through the Cytoscape 3.6.1 software.Gene Ontology(GO)biological function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis for GBM differentially expressed genes were performed through the DAVID database.ResultsThrough TCMSP and literature retrieval,23 potential active ingredients and 129 related targets were obtained from Yadanzi(Brucea javanica).In the GEPIA database,247 GBM differentially expressed genes were screened,including 113 upregulated genes and 134 downregulated genes.After mapping with the targets related to the active ingredients of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica),six intersection targets were obtained,that is,the potential action targets of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in treating GBM,including MMP2,HMOX1,BIRC5,EGFR,CCNB2,and TOP2A.Cytoscape software was applied to build an“active ingredient-action target”network.Two active ingredients and five action targets of β-sitosterol(BS)and luteolin were found,and the targets were mainly concentrated in BS.It was found by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis that GBM differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in signaling pathways related to Staphylococcus aureus infection,phagosome formation,tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus and other infectious and autoimmune diseases.It was found by GO enrichment analysis that the GBM differentially expressed genes mainly involved such biological processes(BP)as the processing and presentation of exogenous antigenic peptides and polysaccharide antigens through MHC Il molecules,y-interferon-mediated signaling pathways,extracellular matrix composition,and chemical synapses transmission;it involved cellular components such as cell junctions,axon terminal buttons,extracellular space,vesicle membranes for endocytosis,and MHC Il protein complexes;molecular functions such as calcium-mediated ionic protein binding,MHC Il molecular receptor activity,immunoglobulin binding,and phospholipase inhibitor activity were also involved.Survival analysis was conducted by GEPIA on the top 37 core targets in degree value,and a total of five genes related to GBM prognosis were obtained.Among them,FN1 and MMP2 were highly expressed while GABRD(v-aminobutyric acid A receptor delta subunit),RBFOX1,and SLC6A7 were expressed at a low level in cancer patients.Conclusion The pathogenesis of GBM is closely related to the human immune system,and BS and luteolin may be the main material basis of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)for the treatment of GBM and the improvement of prognosis.The molecular mechanism may be related to the physical barrier formed by destroying the tumor cell stromal 68 Treatment of Glioblastoma Based on Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology Zhao,Si.molecules and its involvement in tumor immune response.

The Study on the Action Mechanism of the Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)–Qianshi(Euryales Semen)Couplet Herbs on Membranous Nephropathy Based on Network Pharmacology

Objective Our objective was to explore the action mechanism of the Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)–Qianshi(Euryales Semen)couplet herbs in the treatment of membranous nephropathy(MN)based on network pharmacology.Methods The active ingredients and targets of Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)and Qianshi(Euryales Semen)were screened by systematic pharmacology database and analysis platform.Online Human Mendelian Genetic database and GeneCards database were used to retrieve MN-related targets.The active ingredient-related targets and MN disease targets were introduced into Venny 2.1,and Wayne diagram was drawn.The intersection targets were the potential targets of the Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)–Qianshi(Euryales Semen)couplet herbs in the treatment of MN.The protein interaction network of potential targets was constructed,and the core targets were screened with String platform.Metascape platform was used for functional enrichment analysis of gene ontology(GO)and pathway enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG).The“herb-active ingredient-target-pathway”networks were drawn by using Cytoscape software,and the key components,targets,and signaling pathways were screened.Results A total of 8 active ingredients and 193 related targets in Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)and Qianshi(Euryales Semen)were screened out;a total of 1,621 targets of MN disease and 105 potential targets for the treatment of MN were obtained in the treatment with Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)–Qianshi(Euryales Semen)couplet herbs;40 core targets were screened by protein–protein interaction network topology analysis;a total of 1,978 results were obtained by GO function enrichment analysis,and 206 signal pathways were obtained by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and screening.The network topology analysis of“herb-active ingredient-target-pathway”showed that the key components included quercetin,kaempferol,β-sitosterol,etc.;the key targets included protein kinase Bα(AKT),mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL2),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),etc.;the key pathways included advanced glycation end product/receptor of AGE signaling pathway,phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway,Ras signaling pathway,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathway,Toll-like receptors signaling pathway,p53 signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in the late stage of diabetic complications.Conclusion The Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)–Qianshi(Euryales Semen)couplet herbs can regulate PI3K/AKT,MAPK,NF-κB signaling pathways in MN by targeting proteins of AKT1,MAPK8,PTGS2 through key components of quercetin,β-sitosterol,and kaempferol,so as to inhibit the overexpression of inflammatory factors in renal tissues,regulate inflammatory response,and improve renal function.

Exploration of the Potential Mechanism of Gancao Yangyin Decoction on Aging Based on Network Pharmacology

Objective:To explore the targels and molecular mechanism of Gancao Yangyin Decoction(甘草养阴汤,GCYYD)based on network pharmacology.Methods:The effective chemical components of 7 kinds of Chinese materia medica in GCYYD and their relevant targets were obtai ned through the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP)and the encyelopedia of traditional Chinese medicine(ETCM).The aging-related targets were obtained through GeneCards database.The targets related to the effective chemical components were mapped with the aging-related targets,and the gene targets of GCY YD for intervening in aging were obtained.The protein interaction network diagram of GCY YD interfering with aging was drawn through String database and Cytoscape 3.7.1 software,and the core target genes were screened.The potential targets obtained were analyzed by gene ontology(GO)biological function enrichment analysis and kyoto encyelopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.Results:Totally 130 effective chemical components of the 7 kinds of Chinese materia medica of GCYYD and 276 related targets were obtained from TCMSP and ETCM databases.Totally 216 aging-related targets were obtained through GeneCards database.There were 63 target genes intervening in aging in GCYYD,with core target genes ALB,AKTI,TNF,L 6,MMP-3,VEGFA,CASP5,etc.Through biological function and signaling pathway enrichment analyses for the target genes with R software,147 KEGG signaling pathways were found,mainly related to age-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications,proteoglycans in cancer,fluid shear stress and atherosclero-sis,HIF-1 signaling pathway,human cytomegalovirus infection,celluar senescence,prostate cancer,bladder cancer,elte.Conclusion:GCYYD can intervene in aging through"multicomponents-mulitargets-multipath-ways",which lays foundation for further experimental research.

The Mechanism of Action of Qihuang Jiangtang Capsule in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology

Objective Our objective was to investigate the potential mechanism of action of Qihuang Jiangtang capsule(QHJTC)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)through network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods The active components of materia medica in the formula of QHJTC were searched on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The targets related to the active components were obtained via PubChem database.The targets related to T2DM were retrieved through the GeneCards database.The targets corresponding to the active components and diabetes mellitus were uploaded to the Venn diagrams website to get the Venn diagram,and the intersecting targets were the potential targets of QHJTC in treating T2DM.The active components and potential targets were imported into Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct the active component–potential target network,and the key compounds and targets were screened by the Network Analyzer module in the Tools module.The potential targets were imported into the STRING database to obtain the interaction relationships,so as to analyze and construct the protein–protein interaction(PPI)network by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.The intersecting targets were introduced into Metascape for gene ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.The top 20 signaling pathways obtained by the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and the related targets and the corresponding targets were analyzed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct the“active component–important target-key pathway network”for the intervention of T2DM with QHJTC.The molecular docking of active components and core targets was performed with AutoDock software.Results A total of 237 active components and 281 related targets were obtained from QHJTC,as well as 1362 T2DM targets and 155 potential targets of QHJTC in treating T2DM.There were 32 key components and 49 key targets identified by the active component–potential target network topology analysis.There were 471 terms obtained from GO functional enrichment analysis,among which 248 related to biological processes,125 related to molecular functions,and 98 related to cellular components.There were 299 signaling pathways obtained from KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.The active components of QHJTC were found spontaneously binding to the core targets.Conclusions QHJTC can treat T2DM through multi-components,multi-targets,and multi-pathways.

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Treatment Laws of Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Action Mechanism of High-Frequency Chinese Herbs in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Real-World Study

Objective Our objective was to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome and treatment laws of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD based on realworldstudy.MethodsThe data of patients with DKD who had been treated in the First Hospital Affiliated to Henan Universityof ChineseMedicine from January1,2014to December 31,2021 were retrospectively analyzed through the hospital information management system.The contents of the cases were statistically analyzed using IBM SPsS Statistics 25 software,and the laws of DKDtreatment were summarized.Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD.ResultsThe data of a total of 1,201 patients with DKD were included,involving 72 kinds of TCM syndromes.Nine disease nature elements and six disease location elements were extracted,involving 405 Chinese herbs.The top five high-frequency Chinese herbs were Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma),and Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).Thirty kinds of Chinese herbs with the frequency of≥100 were mainly deficiency-tonifying herbs and blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herbs.The medicinal properties were mainly warm and mild,and the medicinal flavors were sweet and bitter mostly.For the meridian tropism,the main meridian tropism of these herbs is spleen meridian and lung meridian.The clustering method.