突出药学药剂专业特色的物理化学教学改革

对于药学药剂专业而言,物理化学课程开设的目的是为其专业课的学习奠定坚实的化学理论基础。但是目前物理化学教材所讲授的内容仍然侧重于化学专业,与药学药剂专业联系并不紧密,从而使该专业的学生进入物理化学"难且无用"的误区。文章从教学内容、教学方法和教学形式上进行改革,以突出药学药剂专业的特色,使学生真正认识到物理化学在药学药剂专业的重要性,变被动接受为主动探索,真正发挥物理化学在该专业学习中承上启下的桥梁作用。

药学干预前后对氟喹诺酮类药物临床使用的相关因素分析

目的:分析药学干预前后对氟喹诺酮类药物临床使用的相关因素。方法:抽取2017年3月—2018年2月期间收治的用氟喹诺酮类药物治疗的各科室门诊西药处方和住院医嘱250例以及50名医师相关信息为药学干预组;另抽取2016年3月—2017年2月期间收治的用氟喹诺酮类药物治疗的各科室门诊西药处方和住院医嘱250例以及50名医师相关信息为药学干预前组,分析两组各科室门诊西药处方和住院医嘱中氟喹诺酮类药物所占百分率、耐药率、氟喹诺酮类药物使用的不合格率以及医师的知晓率。结果:药学干预组医师知晓率为96.00%高于药学干预前组为80.00%(P<0.05);各科门诊西药处方和住院医嘱中氟喹诺酮类药物所占百分率、耐药率和不合理率分别为12.80%、35.00%和3.12%显著低于药学干预前组分别为24.00%、35.00%和25.00%(P<0.05)。结论:药学干预对氟喹诺酮类药物使用中的成效较为显著,促进了氟喹诺酮类药物的合理使用。

药剂科药学服务对临床合理用药的影响

分析研究药剂科药学服务对临床治疗过程中合理用药所产生的影响。方法 从2022年1月至2023年1月在我院接受治疗的患者当中随机挑选出80名患者进行实验研究,所有实验研究患者都要接受药物治疗。依据就诊的先后顺序将所有患者均分为实验组以及对照组,每一组各有40名患者。应用医院常规药物管理措施为对照组患者进行服务,应用药剂科药学服务措施为实验组患者进行服务,对药物使用质量进行评估,对两组患者药物护理工作质量进行分析对比。结果 经过一段时间护理治疗之后,实验组患者漏服药的几率、用药量出现错误的几率、重复用药的几率等都要比对照组更低,对结果数据进行分析可以看到具有较为明显的差别,在统计学科上研究意义较大,即(P<0.05)。结论 在对患者进行护理的过程当中,合理应用药剂科药学服务措施具有较好的实际效果,提高患者用药安全,可以进行大范围推广应用。

微课与分析化学传统课堂相结合的教学模式设计及应用

微课是一种教学辅助形式,将其合理引入传统课堂,可以建立微课与分析化学传统课堂相结合的教学模式。此教学模式包括微课内容设计、教学实施方法、考核方式和教学效果评价。将此教学模式应用于实际教学中,学生能够积极参与课堂教学,增强学生自主学习能力~([1]),提高其实际应用能力及创新能力,是一种有效提高教学质量的教学模式。本文将从分析化学教学现状、微课的教学内容设计、微课与传统课堂结合的实施等几方面进行阐述。

自动药品分包机的使用经验及用药安全

目的总结该院自动药品分包机使用经验,确保病人用药安全。方法对该院自动药品分包机在各环节中的使用经验及出现的问题进行总结,并提出改进措施。结果自动药品分包机使用过程中未发生因加药原因产生的错误,但因机器原因出现的包药错误频率较高;处方审核、药品核对环节采取措施,可排除部分安全隐患。结论在处方审核、加药、药品核对等环节规范操作可确保安全用药,机器维护方面仍需加强。

Translational pain research: Evaluating analgesic effect in experimental visceral pain models

Deep visceral pain is frequent and presents major challenges in pain management, since its pathophysiology is still poorly understood. One way to optimize treatment of visceral pain is to improve knowledge of the mechanisms behind the pain and the mode of action of analgesic substances. This can be achieved through stand-ardized experimental human pain models. Experimental pain models in healthy volunteers are advantageous for evaluation of analgesic action, as this is often diff icult to assess in the clinic because of confounding factors such as sedation, nausea and general malaise. These pain models facilitate minimizing the gap between knowledge gained in animal and human clinical studies. Combining experimental pain studies and pharmacokinetic stud- ies can improve understanding of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of analgesics and, thus, provide valuable insight into optimal clinical treatment of visceral pain. To improve treatment of visceral pain, it is important to study the underlying mechanisms of pain and the action of analgesics used for its treatment. An experimental pain model activates different modalities and can be used to investigate the mechanism of action of different analgesics in detail. In combination with pharmacokinetic studies and objective assessment such as electroencephalography, new information re-garding a given drug substance and its effects can be obtained. Results from experimental human visceral pain research can bridge the gap in knowledge between animal studies and clinical condition in patients suffering from visceral pain, and thus constitute the missing link in translational pain research.

Antitumor and synergistic effect of Chinese medicine “Bushen huayu jiedu recipe” and chemotherapy on transplanted animal hepatocarcinoma

AIM： To investigate the antitumor and synergistic effect of Chinese medicine “Bushen huayu jiedu recipe” （recipe for invigorating the kidney, removing blood stasis and toxic substances） and chemotherapy on mice hepatocarcinoma. METHODS： Bushen huayu jiedu recipe （BSHYJDR） consisting of Chinese Cassia Bark, Psoralea, Zedoary, Rhubarb, etc. is equal to 1.5 g/mL liquid of originated herbs after being decoded, filtered, and concentrated. Kunming mice, weighing 18-22 g, were injected with 0.2 mL ascitic hepatocarcinoma H22 containing 1 × 10^7 cells/mL into armpit of the right forelimb of mice. After 24 h, the mice were weighed and randomly divided into tumor-bearing model control group, cisplatin （DDP） group, BSHYJDR high dosage group, low dosage BSHYJDR group, DDP combined with high and low dosage BSHYJDR group, 10 mice in each group. DDP group received injection intraperitoneally （ip） at the dosage of 1 mg/kg （equal to 1/10 LD50）, once a day for 4 d. High and low dosage BSHYJDR groups received intragastric BSHYJDR at the dosages of 26.6 and 13.3 g/kg （20 and 10 times each of clinical adult dosage） respectively, while tumor-bearing model group received the equal volume of distilled water once a day for 10 d. On the 11^th d, the mice were weighed and killed, then the tumor was dissected and weighed, the repression rate （RR） was calculated according to the mean weight of tumor （MWT）. RESULTS： Compared to the model group （MWT： 1.30±0.73）, DDP group （MWT： 0.41±0.09, RR： 68.46%） had a significant difference in the inhibition of hepatocarcinoma H22 （P〈0.01）. High dosage BSHYJDR group （MWT： 0.69±0.29, RR： 46.92%） also had a significant difference in inhibition （P〈0.05）, while no difference was found in low dosage BSHYJDR group （MVVT： 0.85±0.34, RR： 34.62%） （P〉0.05）. When DDP was combined with high dosage BSHYJDR （MWT： 0.29±0.17, RR： 77.69%） and low dosage BSHYJDR （MWT： 0.38±0.21, RR： 70.77%） respectively, we could see improvement of the inhibition effect of DDP on transplanted hepatocarcinoma H22. DDP combined with high dosage BSHYJDR had a significant difference （P〈0.001） compared to DDP, while DDP combined with low dosage BSHYJDR only had a little improvement that is not remarkable. CONCLUSION： Chinese medicine BSHYJDR in combination with chemotherapy can inhibit transplanted hepatocarcinorna in mice.

A Novel Triterpenic Acid from Gymnema sylvestre

A novel oleanane-type triterpenic acid was isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre(Asclepiadaceae). The structure was characterized as 3β, 16β, 22β, 28-tetrahydroxy- olean-12-en-30-oic acid on the basis of spectral evidence, including 1D- and 2D-NMR (HMQC, HMBC, H-1H 1COSY and NOESY).

P-glycoprotein mediated interactions between Chinese materia medica and pharmaceutical drugs

P-glycoprotein(P-gp)is an important transmembrane ATP-binding cassette(ABC)drug efflux transporter expressed in various human tissues such as the intestines,liver,kidneys,and bloodbrain barrier.It limits the intracellular concentration of xenobiotics by pumping them out of the cells,affecting drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects.With its broad substrate specificity,it has the potential to remove a wide range of drugs from Chinese materia medica(CMM),including conventional medicines and active compounds.Increasing evidence has confirmed the superior therapeutic effectiveness of CMM in treating a wide range of diseases worldwide,as well as in conjunction with western drugs.As a result,herbal medicine-drug compounds have prompted widespread concern,with the majority of these interactions involving transporters such as P-gp.This review systematically summarizes the inhibition or induction of P-gp expression/function by active CMM compounds and the underlying regulatory mechanisms.It will aid in improving understanding of the synergistic or inhibiting effects associated with transporter P-gp as well as rational safety concerns for using CMM,particularly in combination with drugs.

UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomic studies on the toxicity mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine Chuanwu and the detoxification mechanisms of Gancao, Baishao, and Ganjiang

Chuanwu(CW), a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) from the mother roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx..(Ranunculaceae), has been used for the treatment of various diseases. Unfortunately, its toxicity is frequently reported because of its narrow therapeutic window. In the present study, a metabolomic method was performed to characterize the phenotypically biochemical perturbations and potential mechanisms of CW-induced toxicity. Meanwhile, the expression level of toxicity biomarkers in the urine were analyzed to evaluate the detoxification by combination with Gancao(Radix Glyeyrrhizae, CG), Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba, CS) and Ganjiang(Rhizoma Zingiberis, CJ), which were screened from classical TCM prescriptions. Urinary metabolomics was performed by UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS, and the mass spectra signals of the detected metabolites were systematically analyzed using pattern recognition methods. As a result, seventeen biomarkers associated with CW toxicity were identified, which were associated with pentose and glucuronate interconversions, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, among others. The expression levels of most toxicity biomarkers were effectively modulated towards the normal range by the compatibility drugs. It indicated that the three compatibility drugs could effectively detoxify CW. In summary, our work demonstrated that metabolomics was vitally significant to evaluation of toxicity and finding detoxification methods for TCM.

Extracts of passion fruit peel and seed of Passiflora edulis(Passifloraceae) attenuate oxidative stress in diabetic rats

This study was aimed at evaluating the anti-diabetic potential of passion fruit Passiflora edulis(EPE) extracts in diabetic rats, following Streptozotocin(STZ) induced oxidative stress. Thirty adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups, with six rats in each group. The control rats were injected intraperitoneally with citrate buffer(pH 4.5). The remaining groups of rats were administered single dose of 45 mg·kg-1 of STZ by intraperitoneal route to induce diabetes. The diabetic animals were treated with 250 and 500 mg·kg-1 of EPE and glibenclamide 0.6 mg·kg-1 for fifteen days by oral route. Blood glucose, end organ oxidative stress marker, and anti-oxidants were assayed. Further, histopathological investigation of pancreas was studied at the end of the experimentation. The results revealed that subacute administration of EPE significantly(P < 0.001) controlled the blood glucose level in the diabetic rats. In addition, EPE extract protected the end organs by restoring the anti-oxidants enzyme, significantly increasing super oxide dismutase level(SOD) and decreasing catalase(CAT) and TBARS level in visceral organs. In conclusion, that EPE extracts showed anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant potential against streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Isochamaejasmin induces apoptosis in leukemia cells through inhibiting Bcl-2 family proteins

The biflavonoid isochamaejasmin is mainly distributed in the root of Stellera chamaejasme L.(Thymelaeaceae) that is used in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) to treat tumors, tuberculosis, and psoriasis. Herein, isochamaejasmin was found to show similar bioactivity against Bcl-2 family proteins to the reference Bcl-2 ligand(–)-gossypol through 3D similarity search. It selectively bound to Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 with Ki values being 1.93 ± 0.13 μmol·L-1 and 9.98 ± 0.21 μmol·L-1, respectively. In addition, isochamaejasmin showed slight growth inhibitory activity against HL-60 with IC50 value being 50.40 ± 1.21 μmol·L-1 and moderate growth inhibitory activity against K562 cells with IC50 value being 24.51 ± 1.62 μmol·L-1. Furthermore, isochamaejasmin induced apoptosis of K562 cells by increasing the intracellular expression levels of proteins of the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP which involved in the Bcl-2-induced apoptosis pathway. These results indicated that isochamaejasmin induces apoptosis in leukemia cells by inhibiting the activity of Bcl-2 family proteins, providing evidence for further studying the underlying anti-cancer mechanism of S. chamaejasme L..

Proteomic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells treated with platycodin D

Platycodin D(PD), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Platycodonis Radix, is a famous Chinese herbal medicine that has been shown to have anti-proliferative effects in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in cellular proteins after the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with PD using proteomics approaches. The cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. The proteome was analyzed by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the expression of changed proteins. Our results showed that PD inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Sixteen proteins were identified to be up-regulated in PD-treated HepG2 cells, including ATP5 H, OXCT1, KRT9, CCDC40, ERP29, RCN1, ZNF175, HNRNPH1, HSP27, PA2G4, PHB, BANF1, TPM3, ECH1, LGALS1, and MYL6. Three proteins(i.e., RPS12, EMG1, and KRT1) decreased in HepG2 cells after treatment with PD. The changes in HSP27 and PHB were further confirmed by Western blotting. In conclusion, our results shed new lights on the mechanisms of action for the anti-cancer activity of PD.

Biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles for enhancement of anti-cancer activities of phytochemicals

Many phytochemicals show promise in cancer prevention and treatment, but their low aqueous solubility, poor stability, unfavorable bioavailability, and low target specificity make administering them at therapeutic doses unrealistic. This is particularly true for(-)-epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, and genistein. There is an increasing interest in developing novel delivery strategies for these natural products. Liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles are biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles. Those nanoparticles can increase the stability and solubility of phytochemicals, exhibit a sustained release property, enhance their absorption and bioavailability, protect them from premature enzymatic degradation or metabolism, prolong their circulation time, improve their target specificity to cancer cells or tumors via passive or targeted delivery, lower toxicity or side-effects to normal cells or tissues through preventing them from prematurely interacting with the biological environment, and enhance anti-cancer activities. Nanotechnology opens a door for developing phytochemical-loaded nanoparticles for prevention and treatment of cancer.

Identfication of new naphthalenones from Juglans mandshurica and evalution of their anticancer activities

Two new naphthalenone compounds were isolated from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica and their structures were identified as 4-butoxybutoxy-5,8-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one(1), 4-ethoxyethoxy-5,8-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one(2). Compounds 1 and 2 were named as Juglanstetralone A(1) and Juglanstetralone B(2). Compound 1 showed more significant anti-tumor activity than 2 against gastric cancer BGC-823 cells, wih the IC50 of 125.89 ?g?mL –1.

Identification of maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.) and its adulterants by a DNA-barcoding approach based on the ITS sequence

Maca(Lepidium meyenii) is an herbaceous plant that grows in high plateaus and has been used as both food and folk medicine for centuries because of its benefits to human health. In the present study, ITS(internal transcribed spacer) sequences of forty-three maca samples, collected from different regions or vendors, were amplified and analyzed. The ITS sequences of nineteen potential adulterants of maca were also collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the ITS sequence of maca was consistent in all samples and unique when compared with its adulterants. Therefore, this DNA-barcoding approach based on the ITS sequence can be used for the molecular identification of maca and its adulterants.

Quercetin promotes neurite growth through enhancing intracellular cAMP level and GAP-43 expression

The present study was designed to investigate the role of quercetin on neurite growth in N1E-115 cells and the underlying mechanisms. Quercetin was evaluated for its effects on cell numbers of neurites, neurite length, intracellular cAMP content, and Gap-43 expression in N1E-115 cells in vitro by use of microscopy, LANCE? cAMP 384 kit, and Western blot analysis, respectively. Our results showed that quercetin could increase the neurite length in a concentration-dependent manner, but had no effect on the numbers of cells. Quercetin significantly increased the expression of cellular cAMP in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The Gap-43 expression was up-regulated in a time-dependent manner. In conclusion, quercetin could promote neurite growth through increasing the intracellular c AMP level and Gap-43 expression.

Comprehensive analysis of chemical constituents in Xingxiong injection by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Xingxiong injection(XXI) is a widely used Chinese herbal formula prepared by the folium ginkgo extract and ligustrazine for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Compared with the pharmacological studies, chemical analysis and quality control studies on this formula are relatively limited. In the present study, a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-QTOF MS) method was applied to comprehensive analysis of constituents in XXI. According to the fragmentation rules and previous reports, thirty ginkgo flavonoids, four ginkgo terpene lactones, and one alkaloid were identified. A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(HPLC-QQQ MS) method was then applied to quantify ten major constituents in XXI. The method validation results indicated that the developed method had desirable specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The total contents of ginkgo flavonoids were about 22.05-25.51 μg·mL-1 and the ginkgo terpene lactones amounts were about 4.41-8.70 μg·m L-1 in six batches of XXI samples, respectively. Furthermore, cosine ratio algorithm and distance measurements were employed to evaluate the similarity of XXI samples, and the results demonstrated a high-quality consistency. This work could provide comprehensive information on the quality control of Xingxiong injection, which be helpful in the establishment of a rational quality control standard.

Structure and antibacterial property of a new diterpenoid from Euphorbia helioscopia

The present study was designed to isolate and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the compounds from the whole plant of Euphorbia helioscopia L.. Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the compound. The structure of the compound was elucidated on basis of spectral data(1H NMR, 13 C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, IR, and HR-ESI-MS). A new jatrophone-type diterpenoid(14α,15β-diacetoxy-3β-benzoyloxy-7β-nicotinoyloxy-9-oxo-jatropha-5E,11E-diene), named euphoheliosnoid E(1), was isolated from the whole plant of E. helioscopia L. Compound 1 showed significant anti-microbial activity against oral pathogens.