《中华本草》药性数据中的五味规律

目的以五味为核心,分析中药药性数据中味与气、归经、毒性之间的相关关系,为中医临床用药、中药实验研究、中药新资源开发等提供药味理论的新线索和数据支持。方法在对数据等级编码基础上,采用spearman等级相关法对《中华本草》中8 366味具有五味属性中药的药性规律进行分析。结果在P<0.01显著水平,酸味与肝、大肠、胃三经存在显著正相关,苦味与寒性肝、大肠、胆三经及毒性存在显著正相关,甘味与热性及肾、肺、脾等八经存在显著正相关,辛味与热性和脾、胃、肝、肺四经及毒性存在显著正相关,咸味与肾、肝、心、肺四经存在显著正相关,淡味与寒性及膀胱、小肠二经存在显著正相关,涩味与大肠经存在显著正相关。结论辛、甘二味属阳,苦、淡二味属阴。《内经》中归纳的"酸入肝"、"甘入脾"、"咸入肾"规律获得大数据集验证,而"苦入心"理论未获数据支持,"辛入肺"规律仅获数据部分支持。辛、苦二味越重药物毒性越大,提示针对体质较弱、病情较轻的患者应谨慎使用辛、苦二味较重的药物。

我国动物源细菌耐药性监测系统简介

本文介绍了我国动物源细菌耐药性监测网络的组成和主要内容,详细阐述了其过程控制,包括采样、细菌分离鉴定和耐药性检测、耐药性检测结果汇总分析等,并介绍了我国取得的成就,如建立了动物源细菌耐药性监测技术平台和耐药性细菌资源库、创建了具有自主知识产权的动物源细菌耐药性数据库、摸清了我国动物源细菌的耐药性状况等。针对我国动物源细菌的耐药现状,提出了应对措施,包括规范我国兽用抗菌药物饲料添加剂的使用、加强动物处方药的管理并建立治疗用抗菌药物的分级管理制度、持续开展畜禽细菌耐药性动态监测等。

Aging effects on QT interval： Implications for cardiac safety of antipsychotic drugs

Objectives To explore the effect of aging on cardiac toxicity specifically the interaction of age and antipsychotic drugs to alter the QT interval. Methods The Medline databases were searched using the OvidSP platforms with the search strategy： ＂QT interval＂ or ＂QT＂ and ＂age＂ or ＂aging＂. The entry criteria were： over 10,000 apparently healthy individuals with data on both sexes; QT interval corrected for heart rate （QTc） and an expression of its variance for multiple age decades extending into the older ages. Results QTc increased in duration with increasing age. Considering a modest one SD increment in QTc in the normal population, the addition of Chlorpromazine produced a QTc on average greater than 450 ms for ages 70 years and older. Risperidone, that did not on average alter QTc, would be expected to produce a QTc of 450 ms in persons in their mid 70 years under some circumstances. QTc prolongation 〉 500 ms with antipsychotic drugs is more likely for persons with QTc initially at the 99th percentile. It may occur with Haloperidol which does not on average alter QTc. Conclusions The range of values for the QT interval in apparently normal older men or women, when combined with the range of expected QT interval changes induced by antipsychotic drugs, can readily be associated with prolonged QTc. Individuals with QTc at the 99th percentile may have serious QTc prolongation with antipsychotic drugs even those that are not usually associated with QTc prolongation.

Safety assessment of Bifidobacterium longum JDM301 based on complete genome sequences

AIM： To assess the safety of Bifidobacterium/ongum （B. longum） JDM301 based on complete genome sequences. METHODS： The complete genome sequences of JDM301 were determined using the GS 20 system. Putative virulence factors, putative antibiotic resis- tance genes and genes encoding enzymes respon- sible for harmful metabolites were identified by blast with virulence factors database, antibiotic resistance genes database and genes associated with harmful metabolites in previous reports. Minimum inhibitory concentration of 16 common antimicrobial agents was evaluated by E-test RESULTS： JDM301 was shown to contain 36 genes as- sociated with antibiotic resistance, 5 enzymes related to harmful metabolites and 162 nonspecific virulence fac- tors mainly associated with transcriptional regulation, adhesion, sugar and amino acid transport. B. longum JDM301 was intrinsically resistant to ciprofloxacin, ami- kacin, gentamicin and streptomycin and susceptible to vancomycin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, rifampicin, imi- penem and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol. JDM301 was moderately resistant to bacitracin, while an earlier study showed that bifidobacteria were susceptible to this antibiotic. A tetracycline resistance gene with the risk of transfer was found in JDM301, which needs to be experimentally validated. CONCLUSION： The safety assessment of JDM301 using information derived from complete bacterial ge- nome will contribute to a wider and deeper insight into the safety of probiotic bacteria.

Ethnobotany, Pharmacology and Chemistry of Medicinal Orchids from Veracruz

Orchidaceae is a large family of 1,260 species in Mexico, of which 433 grow in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Although economically important in horticulture because of the beauty of their flowers, researches have done little work regarding their medicinal properties. This paper aimed to present the results of ethnobotanical, pharmacological and active compounds research on Veracruz medicinal orchids. The ethnobotanical information was obtained by consulting the Atlas of the Mexican Traditional Medicine Plants, Veracruz Medicinal Flora Database （CITRO-UV project） and through field work in the Nahuatl community of Cuautlajapa, Veracruz. To obtain pharmacological and active compounds information of registered species, a search was carded out through MEDLINE （USA National Library of Medicine Journal Citation database）. Twelve medicinal orchids were recorded for Veracruz, i.e., Epidendrum chlorocorymbos Schltr., Habenaria floribunda Lindl., Isochillus latibracteatus A. Rich. ＆ Galeotti, lsochillus major Schltdl. ＆ Cham., Mormodes maculata var. unicolor （Hook.） L. O. Williams, Oestlundia luteorosea （A. Rich. ＆ Galeotti） W. E. Higgins, Oncidium ascendens Lindl., Scaphyglottis fasciculata Hook., Sobralia macrantha Lindl., Spiranthes eriophora （Rob. ＆ Greenm.）, Stanhopea oculata （G. Lodd.） Lindl. and Vanilla planifolia Andrews. Only two species have been investigated in terms of their pharmacology and active compounds. Also, information for another five species closely related to already identified ones was obtained. Given the relative poverty of current information on the topic, this paper demonstrates the need to further study the ethnobotanical, pharmacological and chemical aspects of the region＇s medicinal orchids.

基于多层前馈神经网络的中药药性量化研究

目的为解决中药药性描述的抽象、模糊导致难以准确把握其本质特性的问题,提出一种基于多层前馈神经网络(BP神经网络)的药向量训练(quantitative model of traditional Chinese medicine’s properties based on BP neural network,QM-BP)模型,实现中药药性的量化表示。方法首先对中药及其对应的功效进行整理,获得"中药-功效"样本对;其次,构建"中药-药向量-功效"3层结构的QM-BP模型,并利用中药的药性数据对模型进行初始化;最后,基于QM-BP模型使用"中药-功效"样本进行训练,得到BP药向量。结果将《中药学》教材所涉及的474味中药及其528个功效基于QM-BP模型训练并结合临床分析,发现训练后得到的BP药向量比药性的初始量化值更能反映中药的属性特征。此外,由于BP药向量与词向量具有相似的性质,发现功效相似的药物对应的BP药向量在欧几里得距离中距离较近,而功效差异较大的中药药向量在欧几里得距离中距离较远。结论利用BP神经网络构建药向量训练模型,在中药药性与功效具有关联性的基础上,对药性量化值进行修正,以期使药性量化值更精确。今后可优化QM-BP模型并开展药对、复方分析,以期探明中药药性及组方配伍中蕴藏的内在规律。

健脾中药的特点及现代研究

健脾功能的中药多辛、温、香燥,具有化湿浊、解表邪、健脾胃的作用,代表药物有藿香、佩兰;若辛温性烈,作用更为强烈,则又能行气结、通积滞,如苍术、厚朴;若辛温香燥之性更烈,则更能祛寒温中,如砂仁、肉豆蔻、草豆蔻、草果。健脾中药在心血管、糖尿病、抗衰老方面都有很好的作用,因此具有健脾功能的中药在心血管、糖尿病、抗衰老这方面的研究有待加强,使其成为未来的研究重点。

Herbal compatibility of Traditional Chinese Medical formulas for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

OBJECTIVE:Because herbal compatibility is one of the most important reasons why Traditional Chinese Medcine(TCM) formulas are effective for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),our study aimed to determine the compatibility of herbs based on published AIDS clinical research in Chinese periodicals.To achieve this aim,we designed a new data-mining algorithm according to TCM data characteristics.METHODS:We found 25 clinical AIDS studies,all using Chinese herbs for treatment,in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database System,and information on diagnosis and treatment was extracted.To find out herbal compatibility,especially the formulae for herbal combinations,we proposed an improved association rule algorithm based on the frequency of combinations.In this algorithm,all the compatibility relationships were displayed in a tree structure,by which the relationship between formulas and their derivation could be clearly inferred.RESULTS:Data analysis showed that approximately 100 herbs have been used for treating AIDS.Based on the whole herb compatibility tree,we calculated a basic formula for AIDS:Huang Qi combined with Ren Shen,Fu Ling,Bai Zhu,Bai Zhu,Dang Gui,and Bai Shao.This formula,deriving from most of clinical prescriptions,and was chosed by most of clinicians for AIDS treatment.From data mining we found that Qi replenishment and detoxification were the main treatment principles,which coincided with the AIDS pathological mechanism in which immune function is destroyed by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).CONCLUSIONS:Our data-mining results suggest that the core TCM treatment of AIDS is replenishing Qi and detoxification,by which AIDS patients' immune system may be enhanced.Compatibility of Huang Qi with some frequently-used herbs have shown real efficacy in clinical practice,which warrants pharmacological research in the future.

Meta-analysis of Chinese Medicines for prevention and treatment of radiation esophagitis

OBJECTIVE:To systematically assess the clinical effectiveness of Chinese medicines for prevention and treatment of radiation esophagitis by meta-analysis.METHODS:The articles were mainly retrieved from the "CHKD(China Hospital Knowledge Database) periodical full text databank",the "China periodical full text databank",the "CHKD doctor's and Master's degree student full text databank",and the "China doctor's degree student thesis databank",and they were selected according to the literature selection standard.The effects of Chinese medicines and Western medicines on radiation esophagitis were compared by meta-analysis.RESULTS:Based on 13 articles,we found that the effectiveness of Chinese medicines for prevention and treatment of radiation esophagitis was superior to Western medicines,with no obvious side effects.Meta-analysis showed that the total odds ratio was 0.426 and the 95% confidence interval was 0.368,0.493.CONCLUSION:Chinese medicines are superior to Western medicines in preventing and treating radiation esophagitis.However,some methodological problems in the literature may have affected the authenticity of the results.Therefore,more rigorous,multi-central,randomized controlled trials with a large sample size should be designed to obtain a more reliable conclusion.

Similarities between "Big Data" and Traditional Chinese Medicine information

In this paper,we analyze the four distinct characteristics of information on Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), namely epistemological information,phenomenon information, overall information, and time information. These characteristics bear to some extent strong similarity to the three characteristics of "Big Data", namely integrity data, fuzzy data and correlation data, so the advent of the age of "Big Data" is bound to create good opportunities for the development of TCM informatics and is also be expected to provide methods and techniques for processing and analysis of TCM "comprehensive data".

Clinical regularities in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of cancer pain in recent 30 years

Objective: To explore the clinical regularities in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of cancer pain by reviewing the re leva nt studies published betwee n 1985 and 2017. Methods: Based on the Chinese Medicine Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Database, quantitative analysis, correlation an alysis and Chi-square test were applied to an a lyze the comm only used acupoi nts, meridia n affiliatio ns and body regi on distributi ons, comm only used methods and acupoi nt correlati ons, treatme nt method correlati ons, the efficacy of acupuncture- moxibusti on plus the three-step an algesic ladder for can cer pain, and in dicators. Results: Zusanli (ST 36), Ashi point and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) ranked the top on the list of frequency;points from Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang and Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming were often used;points from the lower limbs and back had high frequencies. The most commonly used treatment method was acupuncture-moxibustion plus medication. Acupuncture-moxibusti on plus the three-step an algesic ladder showed certai n adva ntage compared with the two methods used separately, and among the integrated methods, acupoint application plus the three-step analgesic ladder produced the most significant efficacy. It took (44.77±55.54) min for the analgesic effect to act and the effect lasted for (12.81±14.59) h. Numerical rati ng scale (NRS), visual an alog scale (VAS) and Kar nofsky performa nee status (KPS) scores all showed sign ifica nt changes after interventions (all P<0.01);there was no significant change in the score of quality of life (QOL) after interventions (P>0.05). Conclusion: Zusa nli (ST 36), Ashi point and Sanyin jiao (SP 6) are comm only selected in acup un cture-moxibusti on treatment of cancer pain;acupuncture and acupoint application are often used;acupuncture-moxibustion plus the three-step an algesic ladder can boost the treatme nt efficacy.

Web search and data mining of natural products and their bioactivities in PubChem

Natural products,as major resources for drug discovery historically,are gaining more attentions recently due to the advancement in genomic sequencing and other technologies,which makes them attractive and amenable to drug candidate screening.Collecting and mining the bioactivity information of natural products are extremely important for accelerating drug development process by reducing cost.Lately,a number of publicly accessible databases have been established to facilitate the access to the chemical biology data for small molecules including natural products.Thus,it is imperative for scientists in related fields to exploit these resources in order to expedite their researches on natural products as drug leads/candidates for disease treatment.PubChem,as a public database,contains large amounts of natural products associated with bioactivity data.In this review,we introduce the information system provided at PubChem,and systematically describe the applications for a set of PubChem web services for rapid data retrieval,analysis,and downloading of natural products.We hope this work can serve as a starting point for the researchers to perform data mining on natural products using PubChem.