蒜头贮藏技术

蒜头不耐贮存,即使在相对湿度小于20%的干燥、通风的环境中,存放100天后也会抽芽、失水、霉变。掌握好蒜头贮藏技术,防止因贮藏不当造成损失是很必要的。现将蒜头贮藏技术介绍如下:(一)贮前准备。(1)

蒜头贮藏技术

蒜头不耐贮存,即使在相对湿度小于20%的干燥、通风的环境中,存放100天后也会抽芽、失水、霉变.掌握好蒜头贮藏技术,防止因贮藏不当造成损失是很必要的.现将蒜头贮藏技术介绍如下:

In vitro porcine brain tubulin assembly inhibition by water extract from a Chinese medicinal herb,Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch

AIM： To investigate the effect of Tripterygium hyp-oglaucum Hutch （THH） on the assembly and disassembly process of tubulin and its possible mode of action.METHODS： In vitro porcine brain tubulin assembly assay was employed to analyze the inhibitory effects of THH at different concentrations （0.05 μg/L, 0.07 μg/L, 0.09μg/L）. Colchicine （0.0025 mmol/L, 0.0050 mmol/L, 0.0075 mmol/L） was used as a positive control.RESULTS： THH could significantly inhibit the assembly of isolated porcine brain tubulin at all tested concentrations.CONCLUSION： THH is capable of inducing aneuploidy in mammals via tubulin polymerization inhibition pathway and may pose a genetic risk to human beings.

Models for depression in drug screening and preclinical studies:Future directions

The basic consideration in the feld of antidepressants is that tests to model depression do not exist, as de-pression etiopathology is unknown. So far, any kind of proposed model for depression needs to satisfy construct, face and predictive validities. In the present editorial, this idea is challenged, based on the fact that “old” methods can only reveal therapeutical “me-too” drugs and that there is no longer a need of therapeu-tical “me-too” drugs in the field of antidepressants. Since reduction in the number of antidepressant non-responders is a real medical need, the predictive valid-ity of animal models will be challenged in the future, as the new methods should be based on antidepressant-insensitive animals. Moreover, antidepressants exert similar effects in depressed and non-depressed sub-jects, but mood normalization is only induced in de-pressed patients. This implies that the use of normal cells and animals only involves pharmacological rather than therapeutical actions of drugs. Therefore, the use of environmental-induced changes, in the hope that these can evidence antidepressant-insensitive animals, will predominantly be used in the future. In the choice of experimental settings, other factors need to be taken into consideration： （1） gender of animals, as de-pression affects females more than males, （2） natural rhythmicity in drug effects; （3） pharmacokinetics; and （4） possible biomarker（s） to be measured. There are no golden recipes to discover new antidepressants but the experimental long-term strategy should very clearly be declared before starting the experiments.

Biomarkers in kidney transplantation: From bench to bedside

Immunosuppressive drug level monitoring and serum creatinine are widely used for kidney transplantation （KT） monitoring. Monitoring of drug level is not the direct measurement of the immune response while the rising of creatinine is too late for detection of allograft injury. Kidney biopsy, the gold standard for KT monitoring, is invasive and may lead to complications. Many biomarkers have been discovered for direct monitoring of the immune system in KT and the beneft of some biomarkers has reached clinical level. In order to use biomarkers for KT monitoring, physicians have to understand the biology including kinetics of each marker. This can guide biomarker selection for specific condition. Herein, we summarize the recent fndings of donor specifc anti-human leukocyte antigen antibody, B lymphocyte stimulator, interferon-gamma induced protein of 10 kDa, and intracellular adenosine triphosphate monitoring, all of which have very strong evidence support for the clinical use in KT.

Clinical observation of acupuncture combined with medication for mild-to-moderate depression

Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy and plausible mechanism of Tiao Yang Qu Xie(regulating Yang to eliminate pathogenic factors)needling method plus paroxetine in treating mild-to-moderate depression.Methods:Sixty-six patients with mild-to-moderate depression were divided into an observation group and a control group using the random number table method,each consisting of 33 cases.Another 25 healthy subjects were recruited as a healthy group.The control group took oral paroxetine tablets for treatment,and the observation group received additional acupuncture treatment 3 times weekly.Both groups underwent 4-week treatment.Before treatment,after 2-week and 4-week treatment,and 2 weeks after treatment(follow-up),the patients were assessed using the Hamilton depression scale-17-item(HAMD-17),self-rating depression scale(SDS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pattern element identification scale for depression.The two groups each randomly contributed 25 cases to detect the protein content of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)before treatment and after 4-week treatment,and compared with the healthy group.Results:After 2-week treatment,the markedly effective and total effective rates were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05);after 4-week treatment,the observation group significantly surpassed the control group in comparing the markedly effective rate(P<0.05).After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment and at the follow-up,the HAMD-17 total score and sleep disorder factor score were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05);the anxiety-somatic score was lower in the observation group than in the control group after 2-week treatment(P<0.05).After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment and at the follow-up,the observation group was lower than the control group in comparing the scores of SDS,SAS,and TCM pattern element identification scale for depression(P<0.05).After 4-week treatment,the observation group had an increased serum BDNF protein content,higher than that in the control group(P<0.05)and had no significant difference compared to the healthy group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Compared to the use of oral paroxetine alone,acupuncture plus paroxetine can produce more significant efficacy in treating mild-to-moderate depression and act faster in improving sleep disorder and anxiety-somatic symptoms;increasing the serum BDNF protein content may be a part of the mechanism underlying its antidepressant actions.

Clinical Observation on Combined Acupuncture and Medicine in Treating Post-stroke Depression

Objective：To observe the influence of Bo＇s abdominal acupuncture plus body acupuncture on the symptoms of moderate depression.Methods：Sixty-two patients with moderate depression were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.The treatment group was treated with Bo＇s abdominal acupuncture plus body acupuncture.The control group was treated with routine body acupuncture only.The patients in the two groups were assessed by Hamilton depression rating scale （HAMD-17） and self-rating depression scale （SDS） respectively before and after the treatment.Results：The scores of HAMD-17 and SDS of the patients in the two groups were obviously decreased （P0.01） compared with those before treatment.In comparison of the scores of HAMD-17 and SDS between the groups after treatment,the decreases in the treatment group were more obvious （P0.01）.Conclusion：Bo＇s abdominal acupuncture plus body acupuncture can obviously reduce the scores of HAMD-17 and SDS of the patients with moderate depression and can more remarkably improve the depressive symptoms.

Effect of Combined Acupuncture with Chinese Medicine on Overall Function of Patients with Post-stroke Depression

Objective：To explore the effect of combined acupuncture with Chinese medicine on the overall function of patients with post-stroke depression （PSD）.Methods：A total of 128 cases were randomly allocated into 4 groups,namely,a Chinese medicine group,an acupuncture group,a combined acupuncture with Chinese medicine group and a Western medication group,32 cases in each group.Other than routine treatment,patients in all 4 groups were respectively treated with Chinese medicine,acupuncture,combined acupuncture with Chinese medicine and Fluoxetine Capsule.Then the treatment effects were evaluated using Hamilton depression rating scale （HAMD）,neurological impairment severity （NIS） and functional comprehensive assessment （FCA） before and after treatments.Results：After treatment,both HAMD and NIS scores were decreased （P〈0.01）,whereas FCA scores were increased （P〈0.01）.Regarding the inter-group comparison,combined acupuncture with Chinese medicine group had statistical difference when compared with the other three groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.There were no statistical differences among the Chinese medicine group,the acupuncture group and the Western medication group.Conclusion：Each treatment protocol improves the depressive symptoms and neurological functions in PSD patients and enhances their overall function.Combined acupuncture with Chinese medicine can obtain a synergistic effect.

Observation on Treatment of Depression with Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine： A Report of 52 Cases

Objective： To study the effectiveness of combined Acupuncture and Chinese medicine on depression. Methods： Ninety-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group of 52 cases were treated by scalp acupuncture and electroacupuncture, Baihui （GV 20）, Shenting （GV 24）, Taichong （LR 3）, Neiguan （PC 6）, Guanyuan （CV 4）, Zusanli （ST 36）, Sanyinjiao（SP 6）, plus Chinese medicine, modified Xiaoyao Powder （a decoction for soothing liver and relieving depression） and the control group of 46 cases, only with Chinese medicine, modified Xiaoyao Powder. Results： The total effective rate was 94.2% in the treatment group and 78.26% in the control group; with a significantdifference between two groups（P〈0.05） Conclusion： Acupuncture plus Chinese medicine has a marked effect on depression.