141例儿童细菌性痢疾药敏分析

分析 14 1例菌痢患儿的药敏试验情况。结果 :福氏菌 110例 ,占 78.0 1% ;宋内菌 31例 ,占 2 1.99%。两种菌均对氨苄青霉素。

肺部疾病患者鲍氏不动杆菌感染的分布及耐药性分析

目的分析肺部疾病患者鲍氏不动杆菌的分布特点及其药敏性,进而更好地防治相关感染。方法对医院呼吸科2009-2010年患者送检的标本用ATB条进行常规细菌鉴定,筛选鲍氏不动杆菌感染标本,统计分析鲍氏不动杆菌感染患者标本与病种分布;并按CLSI标准对分离的菌株进行药敏试验,分析其耐药性。结果 1020份标本中分离出鲍氏不动杆菌165株,检出率为16.2%,标本来源于痰液占57.6%、血液占21.8%、分泌物占11.5%、尿液占4.9%、其他占4.2%,其中,痰标本同其他标本相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);鲍氏不动杆菌病种分布以呼吸机相关性肺炎、肺癌、肺结核最多见,其中呼吸机相关性肺炎同其他疾病相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);鲍氏不动杆菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、氧氟沙星、头孢吡肟、氨曲南及哌拉西林敏感,其余均耐药,其中,亚胺培南及头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感率较高,分别为52.7%、38.8%,同其他抗菌药物相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鲍氏不动杆菌在痰标本中检出率最高,在呼吸机相关性肺炎中最多见,耐药率高,对亚胺培南及头孢哌酮/舒巴坦较为敏感,临床应综合考虑,根据药敏试验用药以提高治疗效果。

The Expression of NF-Kappa B Family Protein and Its Relationship with Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Objective: To study the expression of NFκB family protein in breast cancer cell lines and the relationship between NFκB family protein and the drug resistance.Methods: Expression of P65, IκB-α in 14 breast cancer cell lines and P50 in 11 breast cancer cell lines was detected by Western blot. The sensitivity of the cells to ADM was determined by MTT.Results: 1κB-α located mainly in the cytoplasm. P65 and P50 were in both of cytoplasm and nucleus. The expression level of P50 was higher than that of P65, especially in nucleus. MTT assay showed that IC50 was three-fold higher in the cell lines which expressed P50 in nucleus than those P50 negative in nucleus, but no difference was found in the expression of P65.Conclusion: The expression of P50 in nucleus may predict the chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer, so it can be used as an indicator to predict the prognosis. The expression of P50 is more often in breast cancer, and it may play a more important role in the chemotherapy resistance than other NFκB family members. Key words breast cancer - NFκB - chemotherapy resistance

Isolation and Identification of Drug-resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Chickens

[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and identify the drug-resistant Es- cherichia coli strains from chickens. [Method] E. coli strains were isolated from the fecal samples collected from five chicken farms around Shangqiu City, and verified by biochemical and pathogenic assay. [Result] Among the 35 isolated E. coli stains, 11 E. coil stains were sensitive to florfenicol, amikacin, neomycin and gentamicin; 12 E. coli stains were moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and norfloxacin; 15 E. coil stains were resistant against erythromycin, penicillin and streptomycin. [Conclusion] Strengthening biosecurity measures, rationally using vaccine and choosing effective antibiotics are the most cost-efficient methods to control E. coli.

Use of arrays to investigate the contribution of ATP-binding cassette transporters to drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy and prediction of chemosensitivity

Multidrug resistance （MDR） is a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. One of the best known mechanisms of MDR is the elevated expression of ATP-binding cassette （ABC） transporters. While some members of human ABC transporters have been shown to cause drug resistance with elevated expression, it is not yet known whether the over-expression of other members could also contribute to drug resistance in many model cancer cell lines and clinics. The recent development ofmicroarrays and quantitative PCR arrays for expression profiling analysis of ABC transporters has helped address these issues. In this article, various arrays with limited or full list of ABC transporter genes and their use in identifying ABC transporter genes in drug resistance and chemo-sensitivity prediction will be reviewed.

Detecting of PPNG by Molecular Biology Technique

Objective: To investigate the prevalence ofpenicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) inWuxi. Methods: Nested PCR (nPCR) was used to test for thepresence of β-lactamase DNA in urethral or cervical swabsspecimens from 217 patients with gonorrhea. OnenPCR-positive product was randomly selected for DNAsequencing. Results: PPNG was found in 60 of all 217 specimens(27.65%), and in 33.87% (42/124) of male and 19.35%(18/93) of female cases. The nPCR product was identical toa known clinical PPNG strain. Conclusion: The prevalence of PPNG in STD patients inWuxi is alarmingly high, and this must be taken intoconsideration for successful treatment and prevention ofgonorrhea infections.

Occurrence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Streptococcus spp. Isolated from Ewe＇s Milk

The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus spp. isolated from fresh ewe＇s milk and consequently to draw conclusions concerning the health condition of the animal flocks and the current trends of antibiotic use in small ruminants. A total of 77 mountainous sheepfolds were investigated representing 10% of all transhumant sheep and goats flocks in the area. Duplicate milk samples were collected from January to February transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for the presence of Streptococcus spp. by using the serial dilution method and plating on the surface of Slanetz and Bartley agar. The isolates were tested against nine antimicrobial agents with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results showed that Streptococcus spp. occurred in 84.4% of the samples and in counts ranged between 1.8 log CFU/mL and 4.6 log CFU/mL. Concerning susceptibility, only 1.3% of the isolates were resistant to all antimicrobials while 27.3% were fully susceptible. Resistance to cefepime was the most common （93.1%） observation followed by resistance to ampicillin （82.1%）, ciprofloxacine （58.3%） and meropenem （51.9%）. The isolates were vancomycin susceptible at a rate of 83.6%. Multidrug resistance to at least three antibiotics was observed to be 22.1% of Streptococcus spp.. Given the prevalence of Streptococcus spp. and the elevated resistance of isolates to various antibiotics it is concluded that further examinations and even interventions are required in order to pertain the appropriate animal health and milk quality.

Research progress in the use of combinations of platinum-based chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors

In the past decade,the advent of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)has dramatically influenced the therapeutic strategies for treating lung cancer,but with tumor progression and drug resistance,patients will ultimately develop reduced sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs.How can we delay the emergence of drug resistance? What is the next strategy after drug resistance? How to reasonably combine platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR-TKIs? These questions are currently the focus of lung cancer research.Clinical studies have reported that platinum-based chemotherapy can increase the sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs.However,results of pre-clinical and clinical studies have been inconsistent.The mechanisms of platinum chemotherapy and EGFR-TKIs are still unknown due to the lack of systematic research.Therefore,systematic studies are required to show the mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy agents and define the markers sensitive to their combinations when given concurrently or sequentially.

An epidemiological study of resistant tuberculosis in Chongqing,China

Background The epidemiological characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis （DR-TB） is fundamental to improving the prevention and control of DR-TB. Mutations in katG315 is thought to be the most predictive molecule markers for Isoniazid （INH） resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB）. However, mutations to these genes have not been thoroughly studied in China, and epidemiological evidence of their expression levels are especially lacking in the southwest of China, which has a high TB burden within the population. Methods MTB isolates were obtained from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the TB dispensary and Chest hospital in Chongqing city between June 2003 and June 2006. Proportion methods were used to test the sensitivity to INH, RFP, SM and EMB of cultured MTB. A total of 100 MTB isolates were also randomly selected for analysis of the molecular mutation spectrum of katG by DNA sequencing. Results Totally 1 089 MTB isolates that completed positive sputum cultures and evaluated for their sensitivity to the four first-line drugs among 2 777 patients with TB. The prevalence of DR-TB and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis （MDR-TB） were 27.7% （302/1 089） and 7.3% （79/1 089）, respectively. The resistance to anti-TB drugs was found to be highest for SM （16.3%） and INH （14.0%）. There was also a significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to RFP and EMB （P〈0.01）, and an increase in MDR-TB between June 2003 and June 2004 and between July 2005 and June 2006. The total mutation rate of katG315 was 75＂5% （37/49） in INH-resistant MTB, and mutation sites included $315T, $315N and $315I with mutation rates of 81.1% （30/37）, 13.5% （5/37） and 5.4% （2/37）, respectively No katG315 mutants were found in any of the 48 INH-sensitive MTB. Our preliminary diagnostic results suggest that mutations in katG315 may potentially serve as molecular markers that can be used to diagnose the resistance to anti-TB drug of INH. Conclusion In the Chongqing, DR-TB and MDR-TB are increasing, and are becoming key problems for tuberculosis control. The use of katG315 mutations as potential molecule markers for drug resistance to INH may help improve patient treatment and decrease the spread of the disease