解脲支原体、人型支原体感染检测及耐药性分析

目的探讨门诊非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）患者解脲支原体（UU）和人型支原体（MH）感染情况及抗生素的耐药率。方法采用珠海黑马生物工程有限公司生产鉴定与药敏一体化试剂检测2006～2007年门诊男女患者分泌物进行检验，同时测定支原体对9种抗生素的耐药性。结果556例男女患者支原体检测阳性率uu的阳性率占明显优势，女性患者UU、MH、UU＋MH均高于男性患者。支原体对美满霉素、交沙霉素、强力霉素、司帕霉素敏感率分别为83％，81％，83％，81％；罗红霉素、左氧沙星、氧氟沙星的敏感率仅占35％，39％，28％。结论NGU忠者支原体感染主要以UU为主女性患者高于男性；UU、MH、UU＋MH的耐药率存在一定差异；监测支原体的耐药性对指导临床合理使用抗生素有着重要的意义。

男女性生殖道支原体感染药敏谱对比分析

目的:了解男性和女性生殖道支原体的感染状况,分析男性和女性感染支原体的药物敏感情况,为临床工作提供参考。方法:统计分析门诊675例疑似或需排除非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)或粘液脓性宫颈炎(MPC)的患者尿道或宫颈分泌物支原体分离、鉴定及药敏检测结果。结果:男性支原体的感染占53.2%(202/380),女性占55.3%(163/295)。在9种抗生素的药物敏感试验中,仅强力霉素在高度、中度敏感和耐药的比例分布上,两性差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:男女两性支原体的感染率,无论是单一解尿支原体(Uu)感染、单一人型支原体(Mh)感染或是Uu和Mh混合感染,差异均无统计学意义。对交沙霉素、美满霉素、阿奇霉素、司巴沙星、罗红霉素、左氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星、克林霉素等8种抗生素的敏感度,两性差异均无统计学意义。

晋东南地区鸡源大肠杆菌血清型鉴定与药敏试验

为了了解晋东南地区鸡大肠杆菌的血清型和药敏情况,试验采用玻片凝集法来确定大肠杆菌的血清型,用K-B纸片法进行了药敏试验。结果表明:晋东南地区流行的鸡大肠杆菌优势血清型为O78(11/39)、O5(7/39)、O1(6/39)和O8(5/39);治疗晋东南地区鸡大肠杆菌的有效药物有头孢唑啉钠(高敏百分比88.57%)、阿米卡星和头孢曲松(两者的高敏百分比均为82.86%)。说明在晋东南地区鸡大肠杆菌血清型复杂,治疗时应以头孢唑啉钠、阿米卡星和头孢曲松为主。

泌尿生殖道支原体感染及药敏结果分析

目的了解泌尿生殖道支原体的感染状况,及比较10种抗生素对临床标本中解脲脲原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)的抗菌作用。方法对370例泌尿生殖道炎症患者所采集的标本进行Uu、Mh检测,并做药敏试验。结果 370例样本中阳性率为43.2%,Uu、Mh、Uu+Mh感染率分别为30.5%,2.2%,10.5%.强力霉素、美满霉素对解脲脲原体及混合感染的敏感率分别为96.46%,95.57%,76.92%,74.36%.结论解脲脲原体的感染明显高于人型支原体感染;Uu、Uu+Mh感染对10种抗生素的敏感性有一定差异。因此,选择高效药物,实施足剂量和足疗程用药对降低支原体耐药株的产生,防止复发和提高治愈率将起到重要作用。

鸡大肠杆菌区域性实时药敏动态检测

本试验采集了泰安及周边地区疑似大肠杆菌病、死鸡的肝脏、心脏等样品63份,按照不同时间段将其分成3组。经过细菌分离培养、染色镜检、生化试验鉴定证明均为致病性大肠杆菌。按照美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)的判定标准,对分离得到的63株大肠杆菌对12种常用抗生素进行药敏试验,结果表明,63株病菌对常用抗生素表现出不同程度的耐药性,耐药范围较广,不同菌株间存有较大差异,但该地区大多数菌株对克林沙星、丁胺卡那霉素高敏,而磷霉素钠和头孢噻肟产生了广泛耐药性。不同时间段分离菌的耐药结果变化不大。

The Expression of NF-Kappa B Family Protein and Its Relationship with Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Objective: To study the expression of NFκB family protein in breast cancer cell lines and the relationship between NFκB family protein and the drug resistance.Methods: Expression of P65, IκB-α in 14 breast cancer cell lines and P50 in 11 breast cancer cell lines was detected by Western blot. The sensitivity of the cells to ADM was determined by MTT.Results: 1κB-α located mainly in the cytoplasm. P65 and P50 were in both of cytoplasm and nucleus. The expression level of P50 was higher than that of P65, especially in nucleus. MTT assay showed that IC50 was three-fold higher in the cell lines which expressed P50 in nucleus than those P50 negative in nucleus, but no difference was found in the expression of P65.Conclusion: The expression of P50 in nucleus may predict the chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer, so it can be used as an indicator to predict the prognosis. The expression of P50 is more often in breast cancer, and it may play a more important role in the chemotherapy resistance than other NFκB family members. Key words breast cancer - NFκB - chemotherapy resistance

Isolation and Identification of Drug-resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Chickens

[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and identify the drug-resistant Es- cherichia coli strains from chickens. [Method] E. coli strains were isolated from the fecal samples collected from five chicken farms around Shangqiu City, and verified by biochemical and pathogenic assay. [Result] Among the 35 isolated E. coli stains, 11 E. coil stains were sensitive to florfenicol, amikacin, neomycin and gentamicin; 12 E. coli stains were moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and norfloxacin; 15 E. coil stains were resistant against erythromycin, penicillin and streptomycin. [Conclusion] Strengthening biosecurity measures, rationally using vaccine and choosing effective antibiotics are the most cost-efficient methods to control E. coli.

Use of arrays to investigate the contribution of ATP-binding cassette transporters to drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy and prediction of chemosensitivity

Multidrug resistance （MDR） is a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. One of the best known mechanisms of MDR is the elevated expression of ATP-binding cassette （ABC） transporters. While some members of human ABC transporters have been shown to cause drug resistance with elevated expression, it is not yet known whether the over-expression of other members could also contribute to drug resistance in many model cancer cell lines and clinics. The recent development ofmicroarrays and quantitative PCR arrays for expression profiling analysis of ABC transporters has helped address these issues. In this article, various arrays with limited or full list of ABC transporter genes and their use in identifying ABC transporter genes in drug resistance and chemo-sensitivity prediction will be reviewed.

Detecting of PPNG by Molecular Biology Technique

Objective: To investigate the prevalence ofpenicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) inWuxi. Methods: Nested PCR (nPCR) was used to test for thepresence of β-lactamase DNA in urethral or cervical swabsspecimens from 217 patients with gonorrhea. OnenPCR-positive product was randomly selected for DNAsequencing. Results: PPNG was found in 60 of all 217 specimens(27.65%), and in 33.87% (42/124) of male and 19.35%(18/93) of female cases. The nPCR product was identical toa known clinical PPNG strain. Conclusion: The prevalence of PPNG in STD patients inWuxi is alarmingly high, and this must be taken intoconsideration for successful treatment and prevention ofgonorrhea infections.

Occurrence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Streptococcus spp. Isolated from Ewe＇s Milk

The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus spp. isolated from fresh ewe＇s milk and consequently to draw conclusions concerning the health condition of the animal flocks and the current trends of antibiotic use in small ruminants. A total of 77 mountainous sheepfolds were investigated representing 10% of all transhumant sheep and goats flocks in the area. Duplicate milk samples were collected from January to February transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for the presence of Streptococcus spp. by using the serial dilution method and plating on the surface of Slanetz and Bartley agar. The isolates were tested against nine antimicrobial agents with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results showed that Streptococcus spp. occurred in 84.4% of the samples and in counts ranged between 1.8 log CFU/mL and 4.6 log CFU/mL. Concerning susceptibility, only 1.3% of the isolates were resistant to all antimicrobials while 27.3% were fully susceptible. Resistance to cefepime was the most common （93.1%） observation followed by resistance to ampicillin （82.1%）, ciprofloxacine （58.3%） and meropenem （51.9%）. The isolates were vancomycin susceptible at a rate of 83.6%. Multidrug resistance to at least three antibiotics was observed to be 22.1% of Streptococcus spp.. Given the prevalence of Streptococcus spp. and the elevated resistance of isolates to various antibiotics it is concluded that further examinations and even interventions are required in order to pertain the appropriate animal health and milk quality.

Research progress in the use of combinations of platinum-based chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors

In the past decade,the advent of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)has dramatically influenced the therapeutic strategies for treating lung cancer,but with tumor progression and drug resistance,patients will ultimately develop reduced sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs.How can we delay the emergence of drug resistance? What is the next strategy after drug resistance? How to reasonably combine platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR-TKIs? These questions are currently the focus of lung cancer research.Clinical studies have reported that platinum-based chemotherapy can increase the sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs.However,results of pre-clinical and clinical studies have been inconsistent.The mechanisms of platinum chemotherapy and EGFR-TKIs are still unknown due to the lack of systematic research.Therefore,systematic studies are required to show the mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy agents and define the markers sensitive to their combinations when given concurrently or sequentially.

An epidemiological study of resistant tuberculosis in Chongqing,China

Background The epidemiological characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis （DR-TB） is fundamental to improving the prevention and control of DR-TB. Mutations in katG315 is thought to be the most predictive molecule markers for Isoniazid （INH） resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB）. However, mutations to these genes have not been thoroughly studied in China, and epidemiological evidence of their expression levels are especially lacking in the southwest of China, which has a high TB burden within the population. Methods MTB isolates were obtained from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the TB dispensary and Chest hospital in Chongqing city between June 2003 and June 2006. Proportion methods were used to test the sensitivity to INH, RFP, SM and EMB of cultured MTB. A total of 100 MTB isolates were also randomly selected for analysis of the molecular mutation spectrum of katG by DNA sequencing. Results Totally 1 089 MTB isolates that completed positive sputum cultures and evaluated for their sensitivity to the four first-line drugs among 2 777 patients with TB. The prevalence of DR-TB and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis （MDR-TB） were 27.7% （302/1 089） and 7.3% （79/1 089）, respectively. The resistance to anti-TB drugs was found to be highest for SM （16.3%） and INH （14.0%）. There was also a significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to RFP and EMB （P〈0.01）, and an increase in MDR-TB between June 2003 and June 2004 and between July 2005 and June 2006. The total mutation rate of katG315 was 75＂5% （37/49） in INH-resistant MTB, and mutation sites included $315T, $315N and $315I with mutation rates of 81.1% （30/37）, 13.5% （5/37） and 5.4% （2/37）, respectively No katG315 mutants were found in any of the 48 INH-sensitive MTB. Our preliminary diagnostic results suggest that mutations in katG315 may potentially serve as molecular markers that can be used to diagnose the resistance to anti-TB drug of INH. Conclusion In the Chongqing, DR-TB and MDR-TB are increasing, and are becoming key problems for tuberculosis control. The use of katG315 mutations as potential molecule markers for drug resistance to INH may help improve patient treatment and decrease the spread of the disease