溴莫尼定对视网膜神经节细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用

目的探讨溴莫尼定对视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）氧化应激损伤的保护作用。 方法小鼠RGC-5细胞株在含低糖（1 g/L）、体积分数10%胎牛血清和100 U/ml（商品单位）青链霉素混悬液的DMEM培养液中进行培养，将传代的RGC-5细胞分为正常对照组、H2O2处理组和溴莫尼定＋H2O2处理组。H2O2处理组在细胞培养液中加入800 μmol/L H2O2，溴莫尼定＋H2O2处理组在细胞培养中加入1 μmol/L溴莫尼定处理2 h，然后加入800 μmol/L H2O2，各组细胞继续培养24 h。采用Hoechst荧光染色法观察各组细胞的细胞核形态和数量变化；采用Western blot法测定各组细胞中凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2和bax蛋白相对表达量变化；采用荧光标记JC-1试剂盒检测细胞线粒体膜电位改变。 结果正常对照组细胞核呈圆形或椭圆形，细胞核大小均匀；H2O2处理组可见细胞核固缩和碎裂，细胞核数量减少；溴莫尼定＋H2O2处理组出现核固缩和碎裂的细胞核明显少于H2O2处理组。正常对照组、H2O2处理组和溴莫尼定＋H2O2处理组细胞中bcl相对表达量分别为0.76±0.15、0.50±0.13和0.75±0.17，H2O2处理组细胞中bcl-2相对表达量明显低于正常对照组和溴莫尼定＋H2O2处理组，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。正常对照组、H2O2处理组和溴莫尼定＋H2O2处理组细胞中bax相对表达量分别为0.65±0.13、0.83±0.07和0.70±0.10，H2O2处理组细胞中bax相对表达量均明显高于正常对照组和溴莫尼定＋H2O2处理组，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。正常对照组RGC-5线粒体膜可见较强的橙色荧光，与细胞膜绿色荧光共表达；H2O2处理组细胞中橙色荧光减弱且表达JC-1的细胞数量减少；溴莫尼定＋H2O2处理组细胞线粒体膜橙色荧光较H2O2处理组增强，JC-1阳性细胞数量明显增多。 结论溴莫尼定预处理能够预防氧化应激导致的RGCs线粒体损害，从而发挥视神经保护作用。

依卡倍特钠对反流性食管炎大鼠食管黏膜的保护作用及可能机制

目的:探讨依卡倍特钠(ES)对反流性食管炎大鼠食管黏膜病变的保护作用及其机制。方法:采用食管十二指肠吻合术建立大鼠RE模型,进行药物干预。HE染色检测各组大鼠食管黏膜损伤情况;ELISA检测各组大鼠血清炎症因子水平;Real-time PCR检测食管内TNFα、IL-1、Cox2mRNA表达;Western blot检测食管内ERK及P38通路活化。结果:ES低、中、高浓度干预不同程度缓解了食管黏膜病变,降低血清中TNFα、IL-1β水平及食管中TNFα、IL-1、Cox2表达(P<0.05),抑制ERK及P38通路的异常活化(P<0.05)。结论:ES通过抑制MAPK信号通路抑制TNFα、IL-1、Cox2的表达,影响炎症因子的释放和炎症发生,从而缓解食管黏膜病变。

红树莓活性成分提取物的应用研究进展

红树莓是一种具有商业应用价值和药物研究价值的“黄金水果”。红树莓的果实、根茎、叶片和果籽等均含有丰富的抗炎、抗氧化、降低慢性疾病风险的活性成分。综述近年来红树莓中脂肪酸、有机酸、树莓酮、花青素等活性成分的鉴定技术和提取纯化工艺,以及这些活性成分在药理保护和食品开发中的研究成果,并对红树莓未来的研究方向进行展望。

Neuroprotective Effects of Bushen Decoction Against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells

Aim The enhanced effect of Bushen (Kidney-tonifying) decoction (BS) oncultured PC12 cell proliferation and its antagonistic action on neurotoxicity induced by glutamatewere investigated by serum pharmacological method of the Chinese material medica (CMM) in vitro.Methods The effect of BS on cultured PC12 cell activity and its antagonistic action on neurotoxicityinduced by glutamate was observed by MTT method. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopetechniques were employed to observe the antagonistic effect of BS on early period apoptosis of PC12cells induced by glutamate. Results The serum with BS was able to enhance activity of PC12 cells andexert antagonistic effect on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, these beneficial effectsproduced by BS were found to be the strongest in 20% concentration of in serum BS. Moreover, it caninhibit apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glutamate , which occurs in the early period. ConclusionBS may exert a potential neuroprotective effect.

Protein and non-protein sulfhydryls and disulfides in gastric mucosa and liver after gastrotoxic chemicals and sucralfate: Possible new targets of pharmacologic agents

AIM： To investigate the role of major non-protein and protein sulfhydryls and disulfides in chemically induced gastric hemorrhagic mucosal lesions （HML） and the mechanism of gastroprotective effect of sucralfate.METHODS： Rats were given 1 mL of 75% ethanol, 25%NaCl, 0.6 mol/L HCI, 0.2 mol/L NaOH or 1% ammonia solutions intragastrically （i.g.） and sacrificed 1, 3, 6 or 12 min later. Total （reduced and oxidized） glutathione （GSH ＋ GSSG）, glutathione disulfide （GSSG）, protein free sulfhydryls （PSH）, protein-glutathione mixed disulfides （PSSG） and protein cystine disulfides （PSSP） were measured in gastric mucosa and liver.RESULTS： Reduced glutathione （GSH） was depleted in the gastric mucosa after ethanol, HCI or NaCl exposure,while oxidized glutathione （GSSG） concentrations increased, except by HCI and NaOH exposure. Decreased levels of PSH after exposure to ethanol were observed,NaCl or NaOH while the total protein disulfides were increased. Ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione or sulfhydrils to disulfides were decreased by all chemicals.No changes in thiol homeostasis were detected in the liver after i.g. abbreviation should be spelled out the first time here administration of ethanol. Sucralfate increased the concentrations of GSH and PSH and prevented the ethanol-induced changes in gastric mucosal thiol concentrations.CONCLUSION： Our modified methods are now suitable for direct measurements of major protein and nonprotein thiols/disulfides in the gastric mucosa or liver.A common element in the pathogenesis of chemically induced HML and in the mechanism of gastroprotective drugs seems to be the decreased ratios of reduced and oxidized glutathione as well as protein sulfhydryls and disulfides.

An investigation into the occupational protection status of clinical nursing staff exposed to anti-tumor drugs

Objective:To investigate the occupational protection status of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 180 clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs.Results:Recognition of the need for protection and dependent occupational protection behaviors were very poor in clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs.The management of the occupational protection of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs was also seriously underdeveloped.Conclusion:There is deficiency in the understanding and related protection practices of clinical nursing staff vocationally exposed to anti-tumor drugs in our hospital.The protection measures currently employed in medical practice are inadequate in virtually every aspect considered.It is recommended that all clinical nursing staff should receive full occupational protection training in these matters.The training must raise nursing staff's awareness of the need for occupational protection and standardize their occupational protection behaviors to conform to "best practice" models.These "best practice" models should be quickly established and all staff made cognizant of them forthwith.In addition,where occupational protection systems are already in place,they should be improved to come into line with the new "best practice" models instigated.

Network pharmacological analysis of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction against ischemic stroke and verification of its mechanism of anti-inflammation and neurovascular protection in vivo

Stroke is a major cause of severe disability and death.Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction(XXMD)is an effective prescription for stroke and its sequelae,while its effective ingredients and mechanism are still unclear.In the present study,we aimed to explore the effective ingredients and mechanism of XXMD in treating cerebral ischemia using network pharmacology.The main chemical components and targets of 12 herbs of XXMD were obtained by the TCMSP database and analysis platform database.The active components in XXMD were screened according to oral utilization and drug-like properties.Then,the cerebral ischemia targets were obtained through GeneCards,OMIM,TTD,Diligent and Drugbank databases.We analyzed the pathophysiological processes and pathways involved in the treatment of cerebral ischemia with XXMD by using the Metascape data analysis platform.Results showed thatβ-sitosterol,kaempferol,quercetin,stigmasterol,wogonin,and catechins might be the potential core active ingredients of XXMD in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.The therapeutic effect of XXMD on stroke was mainly exerted through regulating neuroinflammatory response and neurovascular protection.Furthermore,the anti-neuroinflammation and neurovascular protection of XXMD were further confirmed using cerebral ischemia rats.Collectively,our findings revealed that the mechanism of XXMD on the treatment of cerebral ischemia was related to anti-neuroinflammation and neurovascular protection.