AIM： To compare different preconditioning strategies to protect the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury focusing on the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Interventions comprised different modes of is...AIM： To compare different preconditioning strategies to protect the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury focusing on the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Interventions comprised different modes of ischemic preconditioning （IP） as well as pharmacologic pretreatment by α-lipoic acid （LA）. METHODS： Several groups of rats were compared： sham operated animals, non-pretreated animals （nt）, animals receiving IP （10 rain of ischemia by clamping of the portal triad and 10 min of reperfusion） prior to sustained ischemia, animals receiving selective ischemic preconditioning （IPsel, 10 min of ischemia by selective clamping of the ischemic lobe and 10 rain of reperfusion） prior to sustained ichemia, and animals receiving 500 1μmol α-LA injected i.v. 15 min prior to the induction of 90 min of selective ischemia. RESULTS： Cellular damage was decreased only in the LA group. TUNEL-positive hepatocytes as well as necrotic hepatocyte injury were also decreased only by LA（19 ± 2 vs 10 ± 1, P〈 0.05 and 29 ± 5 vs 12 ± 1, P 〈 0.05）. Whereas caspase 3- activities in liver tissue were unchanged, caspase 9- activity in liver tissue was decreased only by LA pretreatment （3.1 ± 0.3 vs 1.8 ± 0.2, P 〈 0.05）. Survival rate as the endpoint of liver function was increased after IP and LA pretreatment but not after IPsel. Levels of lipid peroxidation （LPO） in liver tissue were decreased in the IP as well as in the LA group compared to the nt group. Determination of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins showed a shift towards anti-apoptotic proteins by LA. In contrast, both our IP strategies failed to influence apototic cell death. CONCLUSION： IP, consisting of 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion injury protects only partly against of the liver prior to 90 min of selective ischemia. IPsel did not influence ischemic tolerance of the liver. LA improved tolerance to ischemia, possibly by downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax.展开更多
Objective To study the common pathogenesis of pneumonia and colitis using modern biological network analysis tools,and to explore the theory that the lung and large intestine are exteriorly and interiorly related.Meth...Objective To study the common pathogenesis of pneumonia and colitis using modern biological network analysis tools,and to explore the theory that the lung and large intestine are exteriorly and interiorly related.Methods The relevant target genes(hereinafter,“targets”)of pneumonia and colitis were separately queried on the GeneCards database.The main targets of the two diseases were then screened out according to their correlation scores and intersected to obtain those common to the two diseases.Metascape was used to analyze the main and common targets identified,and the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID)was used to enrich and analyze the common targets.Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to build the network diagram.Results In total,54 targets,such as TNF,IL-10,IL-6,IL-2,IL-4,TLR4,TLR2,CXCL8,IL-17A and IFNG,etc.,are common to pneumonia and colitis,which are mainly enriched in these processes such as cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction,the Tcell receptor signaling pathway,the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and the Jak-STAT signaling pathway.The Metascape modular analysis identified 11 modules for pneumonia,six modules for colitis,and two modules for the common targets.Conclusions Pneumonia and colitis have the same pathogenic targets and mechanisms of action and finally interact with each other through inflammatory reactions and immune responses.This provides a probable molecular mechanism that explains the theory that the lung and large intestine are exteriorly and interiorly related.展开更多
The secretory granules of mast cells contain several mediators, some of which, such as histamine and serotonine, are known to participate in many immune reactions and allergic diseases. Allergic reactions play the lea...The secretory granules of mast cells contain several mediators, some of which, such as histamine and serotonine, are known to participate in many immune reactions and allergic diseases. Allergic reactions play the leading role in pathogenesis of dermatitis and mechanism of such reactions is based on release of histamine and serotonin. Due to this, the development of drug with both antihistamine and antiseritinine activity was the goal of this study. Drugs with close chemical structure and pharmacological activity were selected from derivates of quinuclidin carbinols. This difference in pharmacological activity of different compounds makes Dualler-G, a new antiallergic drug with antihistamine and antiserotonine activity. The goal of the study was clinical trial of Dualler-G in patients with allergic dermatosis. Obtained data shows that Dualler-G shows high effectiveness in treatment of different types of dermatosis. The effect of Dualler-G, an original antiallergic drug, was evaluated in patients displaying different kinds of dermatosis （urticarea, eczema）. A total of 22 patients diagnosed with dermatosisis were randomized to receive in an open fashion 40 mg of Dualler-G per day, for 2 weeks. Efficacy was assessed according to the common improvement of pathological elements on skin or itching as symptom. Clinical course of patients treated with Dualler-G tended to be significantly better than the patients treated with other antiallergic preparations and the symptoms were significantly correlated in the Dualler-G treated group. These data suggest that Dualler-G provides direct efficacy on the symptoms （skin elements and itching） in patients with different kinds of dermatosis.展开更多
The biodegradability of wastewater containing priority pollutant pesticideVydine or triadimenol（C14H18CLN3O2） in different bio-reactor configurations was investigated.Two laboratory scale biological reactors were em...The biodegradability of wastewater containing priority pollutant pesticideVydine or triadimenol（C14H18CLN3O2） in different bio-reactor configurations was investigated.Two laboratory scale biological reactors were employed：one reactor under aerobic condition and the other under anaerobic condition.The aerobic reactor was operated at an ambient temperature（22±2） °C,while the anaerobic reactor was run in the lower mesophilic range（30±2） °C.The effect of pesticide concentration,hydraulic retention time（HRT） ,and co-substrate on the treatment process was explored,using glucose as a supplemental carbon substrate.More than 96%pesticide was removed after an acclimation period of approximately 172 d（aerobic） and 230 d（anaerobic） .The aerobic reactor achieved complete Vydine utilization at feed concentrations up to 25 mg·L^-1 .On the other hand,the anaerobic reactor was able to degrade 25 mg·L^-1 of Vydine.Moreover,glucose was consumed first throughout the experiment in a sequential utilization pattern.The combination of anaerobic and aerobic biological processes yielded higher biomass concentration and lower retention time than individual units.The biomass in the combined reactors was first acclimated with the corresponding pesticide.Then,the target pesticide,at a concentration of 25 mg·L^-1,was sequentially treated in a semi batch mode in the reactors.HRT studies showed that 24 h HRT of aerobic and 12 h HRT of anaerobic were the optimum combination for the treatment of simulated wastewater containing Vydine,which produced Vydine effluent at concentration below 0.1 mg·L^-1 .The optimum ratio of substrate（Vydine） to co-substrate（glucose） was 1︰100.展开更多
Objective:The clinical treatment of brain diseases is urgent. Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection is often used in combination with other injection drugs. Due to the possible interaction between the injections in vivo, the pa...Objective:The clinical treatment of brain diseases is urgent. Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection is often used in combination with other injection drugs. Due to the possible interaction between the injections in vivo, the particle size, osmotic pressure, pH value change and component stability decrease, that is one of the important factors causing various adverse reactions. Based on the above situation, this study investigated the physical properties and chemical composition changes of XNJ injection and its compatibility solvent and 13 kinds of clinical injection, speculated the possible interactions between the drugs in vivo from the perspective of in vitro compatibility stability, find out the safety risks of adverse reactions and provide guidance for the safe and rational use of XNJ injection. Methods:According to the clinical application, XNJ injection was mixed with 13 combination injections based on 250 mL 5% glucose injection, and placed at room temperature for 6 h. Then, the clarity, particle size, pH, osmolality, and the contents of camphor, d-borneol, and muscone of the compatible solutions were detected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. Results:The results showed that the physical-chemical properties of compatibility solution were slightly influenced when XNJ was combined with Alprostadil injection and Danhong injection. The change of particle size and the degradation of muscone content were the main factors affecting the compatibility stability of XNJ injection, indicating that there are some problems in compatibility stability, which may be one of the causes of clinical adverse reactions. Conclusion:This study suggests that XNJ injection in combination with other injections during intravenous administration should be performed cautiously.展开更多
The first-ever case of a 54-year-old woman who overdosed on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in an attempt at suicide.Before that incident,she had not been treated for coexisting diseases such as rheumatoid arthr...The first-ever case of a 54-year-old woman who overdosed on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in an attempt at suicide.Before that incident,she had not been treated for coexisting diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or depression.At the time of admission to the General Surgery Department,the patient reported pains in the epigastric region with accompanying nausea and vomiting with mucous content as well as the inability to ingest food orally.Despite parenteral and enteral feeding,the patient exhibited a drop in body mass.The histopathologic examination of a sample taken from the stomach during gastroscopy showed some non-specific necrotic and inflammatory masses with granulation.Intraoperatively,a very small,infiltrated stomach with an initial section of duodenum was identified.A total stomach resection together with the reconstruction of digestive tract continuity was performed using the Roux-Y method.Histopathologic examination of the stomach revealed a deep,chronic and exacerbated inflammatory condition with an extensive ulceration over the entire length of the stomach,reaching up to the pylorus.Additionally,numerous lymphatic glands with inflammatory reaction changes were observed.展开更多
Abacavir is an effective nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infected patients.Its main side effect is hypersensitivity reaction(HSR).The incidence of the ...Abacavir is an effective nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infected patients.Its main side effect is hypersensitivity reaction(HSR).The incidence of the HSR is associated with ethnicity among patients exposed to abacavir,and retrospective and prospective studies show a significantly increased risk of abacavir-induced HSR in human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-B*57:01-carrying patients.Immunological studies indicated that abacavir interacts specifically with HLA-B*57:01 and changed the binding specificity between the HLA molecule and the HLA-presented endogenous peptide repertoire,leading to a systemic autoimmune reaction.HLA-B*57:01 screening,combined with patch testing,had clinically predictive value and cost-effective impact in reducing the incidence of abacavir-induced HSR regardless of the HLA-B*57:01 prevalence in the population.Therefore,the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) and international HIV treatment guidelines recommend a routine HLA-B*57:01 screening prior to abacavir treatment to decrease false positive diagnosis and prevent abacavir-induced HSR.The studies of abacavir-induced HSR and the implementation of the HLA-B*57:01 screening in the clinic represent a successful example of the use of pharmacogenetics for personalized diagnosis and therapy.展开更多
文摘AIM： To compare different preconditioning strategies to protect the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury focusing on the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Interventions comprised different modes of ischemic preconditioning （IP） as well as pharmacologic pretreatment by α-lipoic acid （LA）. METHODS： Several groups of rats were compared： sham operated animals, non-pretreated animals （nt）, animals receiving IP （10 rain of ischemia by clamping of the portal triad and 10 min of reperfusion） prior to sustained ischemia, animals receiving selective ischemic preconditioning （IPsel, 10 min of ischemia by selective clamping of the ischemic lobe and 10 rain of reperfusion） prior to sustained ichemia, and animals receiving 500 1μmol α-LA injected i.v. 15 min prior to the induction of 90 min of selective ischemia. RESULTS： Cellular damage was decreased only in the LA group. TUNEL-positive hepatocytes as well as necrotic hepatocyte injury were also decreased only by LA（19 ± 2 vs 10 ± 1, P〈 0.05 and 29 ± 5 vs 12 ± 1, P 〈 0.05）. Whereas caspase 3- activities in liver tissue were unchanged, caspase 9- activity in liver tissue was decreased only by LA pretreatment （3.1 ± 0.3 vs 1.8 ± 0.2, P 〈 0.05）. Survival rate as the endpoint of liver function was increased after IP and LA pretreatment but not after IPsel. Levels of lipid peroxidation （LPO） in liver tissue were decreased in the IP as well as in the LA group compared to the nt group. Determination of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins showed a shift towards anti-apoptotic proteins by LA. In contrast, both our IP strategies failed to influence apototic cell death. CONCLUSION： IP, consisting of 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion injury protects only partly against of the liver prior to 90 min of selective ischemia. IPsel did not influence ischemic tolerance of the liver. LA improved tolerance to ischemia, possibly by downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax.
基金funding support from the Guangdong Provincial Key Construction Unit Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pediatrics (Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Office Letter [2018] No. 202)。
文摘Objective To study the common pathogenesis of pneumonia and colitis using modern biological network analysis tools,and to explore the theory that the lung and large intestine are exteriorly and interiorly related.Methods The relevant target genes(hereinafter,“targets”)of pneumonia and colitis were separately queried on the GeneCards database.The main targets of the two diseases were then screened out according to their correlation scores and intersected to obtain those common to the two diseases.Metascape was used to analyze the main and common targets identified,and the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID)was used to enrich and analyze the common targets.Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to build the network diagram.Results In total,54 targets,such as TNF,IL-10,IL-6,IL-2,IL-4,TLR4,TLR2,CXCL8,IL-17A and IFNG,etc.,are common to pneumonia and colitis,which are mainly enriched in these processes such as cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction,the Tcell receptor signaling pathway,the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and the Jak-STAT signaling pathway.The Metascape modular analysis identified 11 modules for pneumonia,six modules for colitis,and two modules for the common targets.Conclusions Pneumonia and colitis have the same pathogenic targets and mechanisms of action and finally interact with each other through inflammatory reactions and immune responses.This provides a probable molecular mechanism that explains the theory that the lung and large intestine are exteriorly and interiorly related.
文摘The secretory granules of mast cells contain several mediators, some of which, such as histamine and serotonine, are known to participate in many immune reactions and allergic diseases. Allergic reactions play the leading role in pathogenesis of dermatitis and mechanism of such reactions is based on release of histamine and serotonin. Due to this, the development of drug with both antihistamine and antiseritinine activity was the goal of this study. Drugs with close chemical structure and pharmacological activity were selected from derivates of quinuclidin carbinols. This difference in pharmacological activity of different compounds makes Dualler-G, a new antiallergic drug with antihistamine and antiserotonine activity. The goal of the study was clinical trial of Dualler-G in patients with allergic dermatosis. Obtained data shows that Dualler-G shows high effectiveness in treatment of different types of dermatosis. The effect of Dualler-G, an original antiallergic drug, was evaluated in patients displaying different kinds of dermatosis （urticarea, eczema）. A total of 22 patients diagnosed with dermatosisis were randomized to receive in an open fashion 40 mg of Dualler-G per day, for 2 weeks. Efficacy was assessed according to the common improvement of pathological elements on skin or itching as symptom. Clinical course of patients treated with Dualler-G tended to be significantly better than the patients treated with other antiallergic preparations and the symptoms were significantly correlated in the Dualler-G treated group. These data suggest that Dualler-G provides direct efficacy on the symptoms （skin elements and itching） in patients with different kinds of dermatosis.
文摘The biodegradability of wastewater containing priority pollutant pesticideVydine or triadimenol（C14H18CLN3O2） in different bio-reactor configurations was investigated.Two laboratory scale biological reactors were employed：one reactor under aerobic condition and the other under anaerobic condition.The aerobic reactor was operated at an ambient temperature（22±2） °C,while the anaerobic reactor was run in the lower mesophilic range（30±2） °C.The effect of pesticide concentration,hydraulic retention time（HRT） ,and co-substrate on the treatment process was explored,using glucose as a supplemental carbon substrate.More than 96%pesticide was removed after an acclimation period of approximately 172 d（aerobic） and 230 d（anaerobic） .The aerobic reactor achieved complete Vydine utilization at feed concentrations up to 25 mg·L^-1 .On the other hand,the anaerobic reactor was able to degrade 25 mg·L^-1 of Vydine.Moreover,glucose was consumed first throughout the experiment in a sequential utilization pattern.The combination of anaerobic and aerobic biological processes yielded higher biomass concentration and lower retention time than individual units.The biomass in the combined reactors was first acclimated with the corresponding pesticide.Then,the target pesticide,at a concentration of 25 mg·L^-1,was sequentially treated in a semi batch mode in the reactors.HRT studies showed that 24 h HRT of aerobic and 12 h HRT of anaerobic were the optimum combination for the treatment of simulated wastewater containing Vydine,which produced Vydine effluent at concentration below 0.1 mg·L^-1 .The optimum ratio of substrate（Vydine） to co-substrate（glucose） was 1︰100.
文摘Objective:The clinical treatment of brain diseases is urgent. Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection is often used in combination with other injection drugs. Due to the possible interaction between the injections in vivo, the particle size, osmotic pressure, pH value change and component stability decrease, that is one of the important factors causing various adverse reactions. Based on the above situation, this study investigated the physical properties and chemical composition changes of XNJ injection and its compatibility solvent and 13 kinds of clinical injection, speculated the possible interactions between the drugs in vivo from the perspective of in vitro compatibility stability, find out the safety risks of adverse reactions and provide guidance for the safe and rational use of XNJ injection. Methods:According to the clinical application, XNJ injection was mixed with 13 combination injections based on 250 mL 5% glucose injection, and placed at room temperature for 6 h. Then, the clarity, particle size, pH, osmolality, and the contents of camphor, d-borneol, and muscone of the compatible solutions were detected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. Results:The results showed that the physical-chemical properties of compatibility solution were slightly influenced when XNJ was combined with Alprostadil injection and Danhong injection. The change of particle size and the degradation of muscone content were the main factors affecting the compatibility stability of XNJ injection, indicating that there are some problems in compatibility stability, which may be one of the causes of clinical adverse reactions. Conclusion:This study suggests that XNJ injection in combination with other injections during intravenous administration should be performed cautiously.
文摘The first-ever case of a 54-year-old woman who overdosed on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in an attempt at suicide.Before that incident,she had not been treated for coexisting diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or depression.At the time of admission to the General Surgery Department,the patient reported pains in the epigastric region with accompanying nausea and vomiting with mucous content as well as the inability to ingest food orally.Despite parenteral and enteral feeding,the patient exhibited a drop in body mass.The histopathologic examination of a sample taken from the stomach during gastroscopy showed some non-specific necrotic and inflammatory masses with granulation.Intraoperatively,a very small,infiltrated stomach with an initial section of duodenum was identified.A total stomach resection together with the reconstruction of digestive tract continuity was performed using the Roux-Y method.Histopathologic examination of the stomach revealed a deep,chronic and exacerbated inflammatory condition with an extensive ulceration over the entire length of the stomach,reaching up to the pylorus.Additionally,numerous lymphatic glands with inflammatory reaction changes were observed.
文摘Abacavir is an effective nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infected patients.Its main side effect is hypersensitivity reaction(HSR).The incidence of the HSR is associated with ethnicity among patients exposed to abacavir,and retrospective and prospective studies show a significantly increased risk of abacavir-induced HSR in human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-B*57:01-carrying patients.Immunological studies indicated that abacavir interacts specifically with HLA-B*57:01 and changed the binding specificity between the HLA molecule and the HLA-presented endogenous peptide repertoire,leading to a systemic autoimmune reaction.HLA-B*57:01 screening,combined with patch testing,had clinically predictive value and cost-effective impact in reducing the incidence of abacavir-induced HSR regardless of the HLA-B*57:01 prevalence in the population.Therefore,the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) and international HIV treatment guidelines recommend a routine HLA-B*57:01 screening prior to abacavir treatment to decrease false positive diagnosis and prevent abacavir-induced HSR.The studies of abacavir-induced HSR and the implementation of the HLA-B*57:01 screening in the clinic represent a successful example of the use of pharmacogenetics for personalized diagnosis and therapy.
