AIM：TO compare the efficacy and safety of dexrabe-prazole 10 mg versus rabeprazole 20 mg in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD）.METHODS： This was a randomized, double-blind clinical study. Fift...AIM：TO compare the efficacy and safety of dexrabe-prazole 10 mg versus rabeprazole 20 mg in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD）.METHODS： This was a randomized, double-blind clinical study. Fifty patients with GERD were randomly assigned to receive dexrabeprazole 10 mg or rabeprazole 20 mg once daily. Efficacy was assessed by evaluating improvement in visual analog scale （VAS） scores of heart-burn and regurgitation and safety was assessed by recording incidence of any adverse drug reactions. Laboratory investigations and upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy was conducted at baseline and after 28 d of therapy.RESULTS： A total of 50 patients （n = 25 in dexrabeprazole group and rabeprazole group each） completed the study. There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. The VAS score （mean 4. SD） of heartburn and regurgitation in dexrabeprazole （64.8±5.1 and 64 ± 8.1, respectively） and rabeprazole （64.4 ± 8.7 and 57.6 ± 9.7, respectively） groups significantly reduced （P 〈 0.0001） to 30 ± 11.5, 24 ± 10 and 32 ± 9.5, 29.2±11.9, respectively on d 28. A significantly higher （P = 0.002） proportion of patients showed ≥ 50% improvement in regurgitation with dexrabeprazole 10 mg （96%） compared to rabeprazole 20 mg （60%）. Onset of symptom improvement was significantly earlier with dexrabeprazole than with rabeprazole （1.8 ± 0.8 d vs 2.6 ± 1.4 d; P 〈0.05）. The incidences of esophagitis in the dexrabeprazole group and rabeprazole group before therapy were 84% and 92%, respectively （P = 0.38）. The incidence of improvement/healing of esophagitis after therapy was more （P = 0,036） in the dexrabeprazole group （95.2%） compared to the rabeprazole group （65.2%）. No adverse drug reaction was seen in either group.CONCLUSION： In the treatment of GERD, efficacy of dexrabeprazole 10 mg is better than rabeprazole 20 mg, with regards to improvement/healing of endoscopic lesions and relief from symptoms of regurgitation.展开更多
This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of effective herbal medicines in the management of obesity in humans and animals. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases were searched up...This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of effective herbal medicines in the management of obesity in humans and animals. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases were searched up to December 30, 2008. The search terms were ＂obesity＂ and （＇herbal medicine＂ or ＂plant＂, ＂plant medicinal＂ or ＂medicine traditional＂） without narrowing or limiting search elements. All of the human and animal studies on the effects of herbs with the key outcome of change in anthropometric measures such as body weight and waist-hip circumference, body fat, amount of food intake, and appetite were included. In vitro studies, reviews, and letters to editors were excluded. Of the publications identified in the initial database, 915 results were identified and reviewed, and a total of 77 studies were included （19 human and 58 animal studies）. Studies with Cissus quadrangularis （CQ）, Sambucus nigra, Asparagus officinalis, Garcinia atroviridis, ephedra and caffeine, Slimax （extract of several plants including Zingiber officinale and Bofutsushosan） showed a significant decrease in body weight. In 41 animal studies, significant weight loss or inhibition of weight gain was found. No significant adverse effects or mortality were observed except in studies with supplements containing ephedra, caffeine and Bofutsushosan. In conclusion, compounds containing ephedra, CQr ginseng, bitter melon, and zingiber were found to be effective in the management of obesity. Attention to these natural compounds would open a new approach for novel therapeutic and more effective agents.展开更多
Noni juice （Morinda citrifolia） has been approved for use as a safe food within the European Union, following a review of safety. Since approval, three cases of acute hepatitis in Austrian noni juice consumers have ...Noni juice （Morinda citrifolia） has been approved for use as a safe food within the European Union, following a review of safety. Since approval, three cases of acute hepatitis in Austrian noni juice consumers have been published, where a causal link is suggested between the liver dysfunction and ingestion of anthraquinones from the plant. Measurements of liver function in a human clinical safety study of TAHITIAN NONI Juice, as well as subacute and subchronic animal toxicity tests revealed no evidence of adverse liver effects at doses many times higher than those reported in the case studies. Additionally, M. citrifolia anthraquinones occur in the fruit in quantities too small to be of any toxicological significance. Further, these do not have chemical structures capable of being reduced to reactive anthrone radicals, which were implicated in previous cases of herbal hepototoxicity. The available data reveals no evidence of liver toxicity.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effi cacy and safety of rabepra-zole under continuous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration for NSAID-induced ulcer in Japan. METHODS: Subjects comprised patients undergoi...AIM: To investigate the effi cacy and safety of rabepra-zole under continuous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration for NSAID-induced ulcer in Japan. METHODS: Subjects comprised patients undergoing NSAID treatment in whom upper gastrointestinal en-doscopy revealed an ulcerous lesion (open ulcer) with diameter ≥ 3 mm, who required continuous NSAID treatment. Endoscopies were performed at the start of treatment, during the treatment period, and at the conclusion (or discontinuation) of treatment. Findings were evaluated as size (maximum diameter) and stage based on the Sakita-Miwa classifi cation. An ulcer was regarded as cured when the "white coating" was seen to have disappeared under endoscopy. As criteria for evaluating safety, all medically untoward symptoms and signs (adverse events, laboratory abnormalities, accidental symptoms, etc.) occurring after the start of rabeprazole treatment were handled as adverse events.RESULTS: Endoscopic cure rate in 38 patients in the efficacy analysis (endoscopic evaluation) was 71.1% (27/38). Among those 38 patients, 35 had gastric ulcer with a cure rate of 71.4% (25/35), and 3 had duodenal ulcer with a cure rate of 66.7% (2/3). Three adverse drug reactions were reported from 64 patients in the safety analysis (interstitial pneumonia, low white blood cell count and pruritus); thus, the incidence rate for adverse drug reactions was 4.7% (3/64).CONCLUSION: The treatment efficacy of rabeprazole for NSAID-induced ulcer under continuous NSAID ad-ministration was confi rmed.展开更多
Prevalence of dislipidemia is increasing rapidly in China and there has been a growing interest in Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia both inside and outside China. In this article, lipids reg...Prevalence of dislipidemia is increasing rapidly in China and there has been a growing interest in Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia both inside and outside China. In this article, lipids regulating effects of 9 herbs or their extracts and 5 herbal formulae which have been published in English-language literature are reviewed. Although evidence from animals and humans consistently supports the therapeutic activities of these Chinese herbal medicines, few multi-center large-scale clinical trials have been conducted to confirm the efficacy and evaluate their safety.展开更多
With excessive utilization of antibiotics in recent years,bacterial drug resistance problem is serious increasingly,and it is more and more difficult to develop anti-infective drug,while it does not have these problem...With excessive utilization of antibiotics in recent years,bacterial drug resistance problem is serious increasingly,and it is more and more difficult to develop anti-infective drug,while it does not have these problems to use phage controlling disease.Phage is a kind of prokaryotic virus,widely exists in the nature and includes bacteriophage,cyanophage and actinophage.Due to its potential of replacing antibiotics to treat disease,phage receives more and more attention.In this paper,based on development status of phage research at home and abroad,discovery process,naming method and classification basis of phage are introduced comprehensively,and advantages and limitations of phage applying in prevention and control of bacterial diseases are analyzed.We introduce application status of phage in human medicine,prevention and control of diseases for terrestrial animals and aquaculture,and the effects of phage in sewage treatment,prevention and control of microbial contamination of food and detection technology,and point out the shortages of phage in the above application.Meanwhile,we also discuss application prospects of phage in disease prevention and control,environmental protection and food safety.展开更多
This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of itraconazole. We investigated 68 patients with invasive fungal infections（IFI） in emergency intensive care unit（EICU）. A retrospective analysis was p...This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of itraconazole. We investigated 68 patients with invasive fungal infections（IFI） in emergency intensive care unit（EICU）. A retrospective analysis was performed in patients with IFI who were treated in the authors＇ institution, a grade III first class hospital in Beijing, China, between Feb. 2013 and Feb. 2015. The age of patients ranged from 35 to 90 years old with the mean age of（75.1±11.1） years old. The study population comprised 36 male and 32 female patients. Total response rate was 60.3%. The response rates in definitive diagnosis, clinical diagnosis and presumed diagnosis were 33.3%, 59.5% and 65.2%, respectively（P〈0.05）. The empirical treatment should be provided for patients with presumed diagnosis as earlier as possible. Eleven（16.2%） cases had adverse drug event（ADE） during treatment. The main signs were hepatic functional impairment and hypokalemia of ADE. The clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous itraconazole were precisely assessed. To reduce the adverse drug reaction（ADR）, hepatic and renal function and other biochemical criterion should be closely monitored.展开更多
Objective: To assess the safety of individual medication of Guo's Ma Qian Decoction on the basis of effective treatment of fluorosis of bone with Guo's therapy. Methods: One hundred and fourteen cases of moder...Objective: To assess the safety of individual medication of Guo's Ma Qian Decoction on the basis of effective treatment of fluorosis of bone with Guo's therapy. Methods: One hundred and fourteen cases of moderate fluorosis of bone were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=60) and a control group (n=54) between December 2007 and August 2009 by using the block randomized method and a central random system. At the same time of basic treatment, the patients in the treatment group were orally administrated with Guo's Ma Qian Decoction. The initial dose of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) was 0.4 g and increased by 0.05 g every two days, with the doses of other drugs unchanged, until the patient had "nux vomica response". For the patients with no "nux vomica response", the dosage was continued to increase and the maximum dosage was not more than 1.2 g/day. The control group was treated with decoction placebo. The changes of strychnine and brucine contents before and after processing and after decoction of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) were determined with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, which were controlled within ranges stipulated in the Pharmacopeia; Adverse events were analyzed; Blood strychnine and brucine contents in 10 cases who had taken the drugs were determined. Results: 1) Strychnine (2.125%) and brucine (1.425%) contents before processing of Ma Qian Zi and 1.88% and 1.31% after processing all conformed with the standards of strychnine (1.2-2.2%) and brucine (no less than 0.8%) stipulated in the Pharmacopeia. When the maximum dosage of Ma Qian Zi was 1.2 g/day, strychnine in the decoction was 11.17 mg and brucine was 7.44 mg, which all conformed with the maximum limited amount (strychnine 13.32 and brucine no less than 4.8 mg) stipulated in the Pharmacopeia. 2) Eight cases had "nux vomica response" in the treatment group and one case in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). 3) Altogether 18 cases had adverse events, with an incidence rate of 15.38% (8 cases) in the treatment group and 18.52% (10 cases) in the control group, with no difference between the two groups (P>0.05); Among them, 10 cases (8.77%) with the adverse event were not related with therapeutic drugs, with an incidence rate of 6.67% (4 cases) in the treatment and 11.11% (6 cases) in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Seven cases had suspicious relative adverse events, the risk in the treatment group was 0.658 times of the control group, with no significant difference (P>0.05), and one case had the toxic reaction of nux-vomica seed. 4) Strychnine and brucine were unable to be detected in the blood in all points of time in the 10 cases who had taken the drugs, indicating that plasma strychnine and brucine contents were lower than the minimum detectable amount (10 ng), and accumulation of strychnine and brucine were not found in blood of the patient during and after administration for 8 weeks. Conclusion: The individual medication of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) in the Guo's therapy has a better safety.展开更多
文摘AIM：TO compare the efficacy and safety of dexrabe-prazole 10 mg versus rabeprazole 20 mg in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD）.METHODS： This was a randomized, double-blind clinical study. Fifty patients with GERD were randomly assigned to receive dexrabeprazole 10 mg or rabeprazole 20 mg once daily. Efficacy was assessed by evaluating improvement in visual analog scale （VAS） scores of heart-burn and regurgitation and safety was assessed by recording incidence of any adverse drug reactions. Laboratory investigations and upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy was conducted at baseline and after 28 d of therapy.RESULTS： A total of 50 patients （n = 25 in dexrabeprazole group and rabeprazole group each） completed the study. There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. The VAS score （mean 4. SD） of heartburn and regurgitation in dexrabeprazole （64.8±5.1 and 64 ± 8.1, respectively） and rabeprazole （64.4 ± 8.7 and 57.6 ± 9.7, respectively） groups significantly reduced （P 〈 0.0001） to 30 ± 11.5, 24 ± 10 and 32 ± 9.5, 29.2±11.9, respectively on d 28. A significantly higher （P = 0.002） proportion of patients showed ≥ 50% improvement in regurgitation with dexrabeprazole 10 mg （96%） compared to rabeprazole 20 mg （60%）. Onset of symptom improvement was significantly earlier with dexrabeprazole than with rabeprazole （1.8 ± 0.8 d vs 2.6 ± 1.4 d; P 〈0.05）. The incidences of esophagitis in the dexrabeprazole group and rabeprazole group before therapy were 84% and 92%, respectively （P = 0.38）. The incidence of improvement/healing of esophagitis after therapy was more （P = 0,036） in the dexrabeprazole group （95.2%） compared to the rabeprazole group （65.2%）. No adverse drug reaction was seen in either group.CONCLUSION： In the treatment of GERD, efficacy of dexrabeprazole 10 mg is better than rabeprazole 20 mg, with regards to improvement/healing of endoscopic lesions and relief from symptoms of regurgitation.
文摘This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of effective herbal medicines in the management of obesity in humans and animals. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases were searched up to December 30, 2008. The search terms were ＂obesity＂ and （＇herbal medicine＂ or ＂plant＂, ＂plant medicinal＂ or ＂medicine traditional＂） without narrowing or limiting search elements. All of the human and animal studies on the effects of herbs with the key outcome of change in anthropometric measures such as body weight and waist-hip circumference, body fat, amount of food intake, and appetite were included. In vitro studies, reviews, and letters to editors were excluded. Of the publications identified in the initial database, 915 results were identified and reviewed, and a total of 77 studies were included （19 human and 58 animal studies）. Studies with Cissus quadrangularis （CQ）, Sambucus nigra, Asparagus officinalis, Garcinia atroviridis, ephedra and caffeine, Slimax （extract of several plants including Zingiber officinale and Bofutsushosan） showed a significant decrease in body weight. In 41 animal studies, significant weight loss or inhibition of weight gain was found. No significant adverse effects or mortality were observed except in studies with supplements containing ephedra, caffeine and Bofutsushosan. In conclusion, compounds containing ephedra, CQr ginseng, bitter melon, and zingiber were found to be effective in the management of obesity. Attention to these natural compounds would open a new approach for novel therapeutic and more effective agents.
文摘Noni juice （Morinda citrifolia） has been approved for use as a safe food within the European Union, following a review of safety. Since approval, three cases of acute hepatitis in Austrian noni juice consumers have been published, where a causal link is suggested between the liver dysfunction and ingestion of anthraquinones from the plant. Measurements of liver function in a human clinical safety study of TAHITIAN NONI Juice, as well as subacute and subchronic animal toxicity tests revealed no evidence of adverse liver effects at doses many times higher than those reported in the case studies. Additionally, M. citrifolia anthraquinones occur in the fruit in quantities too small to be of any toxicological significance. Further, these do not have chemical structures capable of being reduced to reactive anthrone radicals, which were implicated in previous cases of herbal hepototoxicity. The available data reveals no evidence of liver toxicity.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effi cacy and safety of rabepra-zole under continuous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration for NSAID-induced ulcer in Japan. METHODS: Subjects comprised patients undergoing NSAID treatment in whom upper gastrointestinal en-doscopy revealed an ulcerous lesion (open ulcer) with diameter ≥ 3 mm, who required continuous NSAID treatment. Endoscopies were performed at the start of treatment, during the treatment period, and at the conclusion (or discontinuation) of treatment. Findings were evaluated as size (maximum diameter) and stage based on the Sakita-Miwa classifi cation. An ulcer was regarded as cured when the "white coating" was seen to have disappeared under endoscopy. As criteria for evaluating safety, all medically untoward symptoms and signs (adverse events, laboratory abnormalities, accidental symptoms, etc.) occurring after the start of rabeprazole treatment were handled as adverse events.RESULTS: Endoscopic cure rate in 38 patients in the efficacy analysis (endoscopic evaluation) was 71.1% (27/38). Among those 38 patients, 35 had gastric ulcer with a cure rate of 71.4% (25/35), and 3 had duodenal ulcer with a cure rate of 66.7% (2/3). Three adverse drug reactions were reported from 64 patients in the safety analysis (interstitial pneumonia, low white blood cell count and pruritus); thus, the incidence rate for adverse drug reactions was 4.7% (3/64).CONCLUSION: The treatment efficacy of rabeprazole for NSAID-induced ulcer under continuous NSAID ad-ministration was confi rmed.
文摘Prevalence of dislipidemia is increasing rapidly in China and there has been a growing interest in Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia both inside and outside China. In this article, lipids regulating effects of 9 herbs or their extracts and 5 herbal formulae which have been published in English-language literature are reviewed. Although evidence from animals and humans consistently supports the therapeutic activities of these Chinese herbal medicines, few multi-center large-scale clinical trials have been conducted to confirm the efficacy and evaluate their safety.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Scientific Research in Marine Public Welfare Industry(201405003)
文摘With excessive utilization of antibiotics in recent years,bacterial drug resistance problem is serious increasingly,and it is more and more difficult to develop anti-infective drug,while it does not have these problems to use phage controlling disease.Phage is a kind of prokaryotic virus,widely exists in the nature and includes bacteriophage,cyanophage and actinophage.Due to its potential of replacing antibiotics to treat disease,phage receives more and more attention.In this paper,based on development status of phage research at home and abroad,discovery process,naming method and classification basis of phage are introduced comprehensively,and advantages and limitations of phage applying in prevention and control of bacterial diseases are analyzed.We introduce application status of phage in human medicine,prevention and control of diseases for terrestrial animals and aquaculture,and the effects of phage in sewage treatment,prevention and control of microbial contamination of food and detection technology,and point out the shortages of phage in the above application.Meanwhile,we also discuss application prospects of phage in disease prevention and control,environmental protection and food safety.
文摘This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of itraconazole. We investigated 68 patients with invasive fungal infections（IFI） in emergency intensive care unit（EICU）. A retrospective analysis was performed in patients with IFI who were treated in the authors＇ institution, a grade III first class hospital in Beijing, China, between Feb. 2013 and Feb. 2015. The age of patients ranged from 35 to 90 years old with the mean age of（75.1±11.1） years old. The study population comprised 36 male and 32 female patients. Total response rate was 60.3%. The response rates in definitive diagnosis, clinical diagnosis and presumed diagnosis were 33.3%, 59.5% and 65.2%, respectively（P〈0.05）. The empirical treatment should be provided for patients with presumed diagnosis as earlier as possible. Eleven（16.2%） cases had adverse drug event（ADE） during treatment. The main signs were hepatic functional impairment and hypokalemia of ADE. The clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous itraconazole were precisely assessed. To reduce the adverse drug reaction（ADR）, hepatic and renal function and other biochemical criterion should be closely monitored.
基金supported by a grant from "The 11th Five" National Science and Technology Support Project (2006BAI04A09-2)
文摘Objective: To assess the safety of individual medication of Guo's Ma Qian Decoction on the basis of effective treatment of fluorosis of bone with Guo's therapy. Methods: One hundred and fourteen cases of moderate fluorosis of bone were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=60) and a control group (n=54) between December 2007 and August 2009 by using the block randomized method and a central random system. At the same time of basic treatment, the patients in the treatment group were orally administrated with Guo's Ma Qian Decoction. The initial dose of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) was 0.4 g and increased by 0.05 g every two days, with the doses of other drugs unchanged, until the patient had "nux vomica response". For the patients with no "nux vomica response", the dosage was continued to increase and the maximum dosage was not more than 1.2 g/day. The control group was treated with decoction placebo. The changes of strychnine and brucine contents before and after processing and after decoction of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) were determined with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, which were controlled within ranges stipulated in the Pharmacopeia; Adverse events were analyzed; Blood strychnine and brucine contents in 10 cases who had taken the drugs were determined. Results: 1) Strychnine (2.125%) and brucine (1.425%) contents before processing of Ma Qian Zi and 1.88% and 1.31% after processing all conformed with the standards of strychnine (1.2-2.2%) and brucine (no less than 0.8%) stipulated in the Pharmacopeia. When the maximum dosage of Ma Qian Zi was 1.2 g/day, strychnine in the decoction was 11.17 mg and brucine was 7.44 mg, which all conformed with the maximum limited amount (strychnine 13.32 and brucine no less than 4.8 mg) stipulated in the Pharmacopeia. 2) Eight cases had "nux vomica response" in the treatment group and one case in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). 3) Altogether 18 cases had adverse events, with an incidence rate of 15.38% (8 cases) in the treatment group and 18.52% (10 cases) in the control group, with no difference between the two groups (P>0.05); Among them, 10 cases (8.77%) with the adverse event were not related with therapeutic drugs, with an incidence rate of 6.67% (4 cases) in the treatment and 11.11% (6 cases) in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Seven cases had suspicious relative adverse events, the risk in the treatment group was 0.658 times of the control group, with no significant difference (P>0.05), and one case had the toxic reaction of nux-vomica seed. 4) Strychnine and brucine were unable to be detected in the blood in all points of time in the 10 cases who had taken the drugs, indicating that plasma strychnine and brucine contents were lower than the minimum detectable amount (10 ng), and accumulation of strychnine and brucine were not found in blood of the patient during and after administration for 8 weeks. Conclusion: The individual medication of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) in the Guo's therapy has a better safety.
