不同中草药复方制剂对云岭黑山羊生产性能及免疫功能的影响

本试验研究了日粮中添加不同中草药复方制剂对云岭黑山羊生产性能及免疫功能的影响。试验选用健康无病、出生日期和体重相近的云岭黑山羊成年母羊120只,随机分为4组,每组30只,其中1个对照组只饲喂基础日粮不添加制剂;3个试验组分别按精料的1.2%添加自制复方紫锥菊提取物、四君子散和强壮散。预试期为7d,第1～2天添加试验量的1/4,第3～4天添加试验量的1/3,第5～6天添加试验量的2/3,第7天添加试验量(精料量的1.2%);正试期为60d,分别于正试期第0,30,60天清晨对所有试验羊进行空腹称重并准确记录,并测定其总增重和平均日增重,计算料重比,进而分析其经济效益;于试验结束当天从每组中分别随机选择10只羊进行空腹颈静脉采血,进行血液生理生化指标的测定。结果表明,1)复方紫锥菊提取物组云岭黑山羊成年母羊的总增重和平均日增重最高,分别为6.17和0.103kg,分别较对照组提高了17.97%和6.18%;2)复方紫锥菊提取物组的料重比最低为1.96∶1.00,分别比对照组、四君子散组、强壮散组降低了7.09%,17.76%,45.01%,且与强壮散组差异显著(P<0.05);3)复方紫锥菊提取物组羊的盈利额最大,每只羊每天可创效益4.25元,而对照组每只羊每天可创效益3.58元,比对照组提高了15.76%,而四君子散组、强壮散组的盈利额则低于对照组;4)复方紫锥菊提取物可显著提高血液中的红细胞数和红细胞压积(P<0.05),对白细胞数也有一定的提高作用(P>0.05),白细胞数较对照组提高了3.98%,四君子散亦可显著提高血液中的红细胞数(P<0.05);5)复方紫锥菊提取物和强壮散可显著提高血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量(P<0.05),较对照组血清总蛋白分别提高了11.65%和12.33%,球蛋白分别提高了27.25%和22.16%;6)各试验组中胆固醇含量均有所降低(P>0.05),复方紫锥菊提取物、四君子散、强壮散组分别比对照组降低了15.25%,2.12%,6.78%;7)强壮散和复方紫锥菊提取物均可提高血清中免疫球蛋白G的含量,分别比对照组提高了3.5和1.3倍。综合研究表明,复方紫锥菊提取物对云岭黑山羊的生长有一定促进作用,并可增强其免疫功能,提高养羊的经济效益。

Effects of Salinity and Dietary Chinese Herbal Medicine on Survival and Growth of Juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide theoretical basis for the large-scale breeding of Fenneropenaeus chinensis as well as the promotion of Chinese herbal medicine.[Method] The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of salinity（12‰,20‰ and 28‰）and dietary Chinese herbal medicine（CHM：0%,1%,2% and 4%）on survival and growth of juvenile F.chinensis with the average initial wet body weight of 0.027±0.005 g.The experiment lasted for 5 weeks.[Result] The survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient was increased with CHM level increasing;when attained the critical value,the survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient decreased with CHM level increasing.Food conversion ratio decreased with CHM level increasing,and then it increased after attained the critical value.At each CHM level,the survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient were highest at salinity of 20‰,while food conversion ratio was lowest at salinity 20‰.[Conclusion] Salinity and CHM had a significant effect on growth of F.chinensis,which should be paid more attention in the breeding.

Effects of Salinity Fluctuation and Dietary Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines on Survival,Growth and Immunity of Exopalaemon carinicauda

[Objective]The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale breeding of Exopalaemon carinicauda. [Method]Effects of salinity fluctuation （S0,S3,S6 and S9 represented salinity fluctuations of 0,3,6 and 9 respectivley） and dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines （0,1%,2% and 4% respectively） on survival,growth and immunity of E.carinicauda were studied,and its experiment lasted for 60 d. [Result]The results showed that specific growth rate,feed conversion efficiency and superoxide dismutase activity of E.carinicauda in the treatment group with 1% dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicine and S6 salinity fluctuation were higher than those in other treatments,which was significantly higher than the treatment groups with S0,S3 and S9 salinity fluctuation at the same adding level of 1% dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The regression analysis indicated that at S0,S3 and S6 salinity fluctuation,the optimal adding level of dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines in feeds decreased with the increase of salinity fluctuation,accounting for 2.74%,1.77% and 0.51% respectively. At four adding levels of dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines,the optimal salinity fluctuation of E.carinicauda also decreased with the increase of dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines in feeds,accounting for 5.26,4.95,3.54 and 1.97 respectively. [Conclusion]Salinity,dietary traditional Chinese herbal medicines and their interactions have a significant effect on survival,growth and immunity of E.carinicauda,which calls for attentions in the breeding.

Carboxylesterases mediated herb-drug interactions:a systematic review

Esterases participate in the metabolism of^10%of the clinical drugs that contain ester or amide bonds,but the esterases mediated drug/herb-drug interactions(DDIs or HDIs)have not been reviewed in depth.Carboxylesterases(CEs),the most abundant esterases expressed in the metabolic organ of mammals,play a pivotal role in hydrolysis of a variety of endogenous and xenobiotic esters.In the human body,two predominant carboxylesterases including hCE1 and hCE2 have been identified and extensively studied over the past decade.These two enzymes have been found with hydrolytic activity towards a variety of endogenous esters and ester-containing drugs.Recent studies have demonstrated that strong inhibition on hCEs may slow down the hydrolysis of CEs substrates,which may affect their pharmacokinetic properties and thus trigger potential DDIs or HDIs.Over the past decade,many herbal extracts and herbal constitutes have been found with strong inhibitory effects against CEs,and their potential risks on herb-drug interactions(HDIs)have also attracted much attention.This review focused on recent progress in hCEs mediated herb-drug interactions.The roles of hCEs in drug metabolism,the inhibitory capacities and inhibition mechanism of a variety of herbal extract and herbal constitutes against hCEs have been well summarized.Furthermore,the challenges and future perspectives in this field are highlighted by the authors.All information and knowledge presented in this review will be very helpful for the pharmacologists to deeper understand the metabolic interactions between herbal constituents and hCEs,as well as for clinical clinicians to reasonable use herbal medicines for alleviating hCEs-associated drug toxicity or avoiding the occurrence of clinically relevant hCEs-mediated HDIs.

A traditional Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation versus interventional therapy after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma:22-year follow-up

OBJECTIVE:To compare the long-term effectiveness of compound Ruanjianhugan(RJH)tablets and interventional therapy(IT) in patients after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted in 399 patients after resection of small HCC who were admitted between January 1987 and December 2008 in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Minimlly Invasive Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.Four groups were based on different therapy modes:a TCM-only(TCMO) group,a TCM combined with interventional therapy(TCM-IT) group,an interventional therapy-only(ITO) group,and a simple operation(SO) group.Prognostic factors were correlated with overall survival(OS) and OS rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method,and multivariate analyses for factors affecting survival were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS:The median OS was 151.20 months in the TCM-IT group,43.87 months in the ITO group,and 20.77 months in the SO group.All survival rates of the TCMO group were higher than those of the other three groups(>50%).The 5-,10-,and 15-year OS in the TCMO and ITO patients were 83.94%,45.50%,and 71.22% and 33.34%,55.58%,and 9.26%,respectively(risk ratio,0.209;95% confidence interval,0.126-0.347;P=0.000).Multivariate analysis revealed that the independent risk factors were therapy mode(P=0.000),sex(P=0.005),family history(P=0.011),TNM Classification of Malignant Tumor staging(P=0.000),medical care-seeking behavior(P=0.021),and maximum diameter(P=0.030).CONCLUSION:Long-term oral use of compound RJH tablets may improve OS for small HCC after resection compared with IT.