考虑源–荷功率随机波动特性的双馈风力发电机一次频率平滑调节方法

常规超速减载控制下的双馈感应风力发电机组虽然可参与系统一次调频,但存在发电效益低、转速调节范围小等问题。为提高系统频率品质,增强电网稳定性,该文综合考虑源–荷功率随机波动对系统频率产生的影响,提出双馈感应风电机组一次频率平滑调节控制策略。根据风电场一次大风气象周期的风电功率波动历史数据,研究单台风电机组在不同时间尺度下风电功率波动对系统频率产生的影响,确定了最佳时间尺度下一次频率平滑调节所需储能装置的容量,并对其进行优化配置。最后,通过仿真与实验验证表明,所提控制策略的一次频率调节能力相较于常规一次调频控制具有明显提高,为双馈感应风力发电机的升级改造提供了新思路和新应用。

计及源-荷功率波动性的静态电压稳定故障快速筛选和排序方法

为有效分析新能源发电与负荷的随机波动下设备故障对电压稳定性的影响,基于局部电压稳定指标(L指标)提出了一种计及源-荷功率波动性的静态电压稳定故障快速筛选和排序方法。首先,推导了L指标及其变量的全微分方程,进而给出了系统网络拓扑结构和节点注入功率变化时L指标的线性化计算公式;其次,选取基准运行方式进行潮流计算获得初始状态值,并提出采用带校正的线性化方法计算各预想事故下的L指标进而筛选得到严重故障集;然后,结合新能源与负荷功率曲线值与基准运行点的偏差,计算严重故障集内的L指标并进行故障的时段排序;最后,综合比较时序分析结果得到最终的故障排序。算例结果验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性,与现有方法相比可以在保证故障排序结果准确度前提下显著提升计算效率,对含新能源电力系统静态电压稳定故障快速筛选和排序具有一定参考和借鉴意义。

考虑储能荷电状态的风储联合调频控制策略

储能配合风电参与调频可以改善一次调频效果,但储能荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)接近上下限值时会出现储能功率不足,此时储能SOC保护与调频效果很难兼顾。综合考虑风速和负荷随机变化的复杂工况下的调频需求,提出一种考虑储能SOC的风储联合调频控制策略,在SOC处于标准值附近时储能以最大下垂系数充放电,在储能SOC偏高或偏低时采用考虑SOC自适应的充放电控制策略保护SOC,同时风电机组通过变下垂控制弥补储能出力不足,以此改善调频效果。最后,通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真及风−储联合调频实验平台进行验证。实验结果表明,相比一次调频和SOC自适应调频方法,本文所提策略的频率偏移度及SOC偏移度均有明显降低,所提控制策略兼顾了调频效果及SOC保护。

风光水火储多能互补双层优化调度研究

多元能源互补优化有利于充分发挥并组合利用不同电源的出力优势。为应对风电、光伏装机容量不断增长所带来的新能源消纳与电网调峰问题,构建一种风光水火储多能互补双层优化调度模型。首先考虑多能互补优化调度问题涉及众多决策变量与约束条件,为降低模型求解的复杂度,选择以多种能源的出力特性与互补关系为切入点进行合理化分层;然后综合考虑源荷协调、清洁能源消纳、发电经济性等应用需求,将模型划分为以净负荷方差最小与清洁能源发电量最大为目标的风光水储联合优化调度上层模型,和以火电机组运行成本最小为目标的火电机组优化调度下层模型,并将上层联合优化调度得到的净负荷曲线作为下层火电机组优化调度的约束条件;最后以IEEE30节点系统为例,设置3种典型的调度场景进行仿真对比,采用MATLAB平台CPLEX求解器进行求解,结果表明:风光出力的反调峰性会扩大净负荷的峰谷差和方差,增加火电调峰备用的压力,造成发电成本和机组损耗的增加;水电参与多能互补对系统净负荷波动有明显的抑制作用,能有效缓解电力系统调峰压力;储能可以在一定程度上缓解平抑净负荷波动与提高清洁能源发电量的矛盾,所提优化调度模型可以有效平抑源荷波动,促进清洁能源消纳,降低系统运行成本,助力电网安全低碳运行。

电动汽车有序充电方法研究

未来规模化的电动汽车充电将会给电网的运行带来影响,无序的充电会给电网带来负面冲击。充电负荷具有时空双尺度的可调节性,利用此特性可在时间和空间上进行双尺度的负荷调度,使电动汽车充电负荷对电网运行产生积极的作用。基于此特性和实测的充电负荷数据,提出了一种基于负荷预测的有序充电方法,建立优化方程并求解,得到每个充电负荷的最优充电开始时间,通过改变充电开始时间调节总的负荷功率曲线。该方法能够在满足用户需求的基础上,尽可能利用低谷电为电动汽车充电,平抑负荷波动,减小负荷峰谷差,避免充电过程产生新的负荷高峰。仿真实验证明了该控制方法的有效性,并可从中看出受充电过程功率特性的限制和人类行为的影响,单纯依靠电动汽车充电进行负荷调节无法达到理想的效果。

SOC estimation of lithium-ion power battery for HEV based on advanced wavelet neural network

In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the battery＇s state of charge（SOC） for the hybrid electric vehicle（HEV）,the SOC estimation algorithm based on advanced wavelet neural network（WNN） is presented.Based on advanced WNN,the SOC estimation model of a lithium-ion power battery for the HEV is first established.Then,the convergence of the advanced WNN algorithm is proved by mathematical deduction.Finally,using an adequate data sample of various charging and discharging of HEV batteries,the neural network is trained.The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively decrease the estimation errors of the lithium-ion power battery SOC from the range of ±8% to ±1.5%,compared with the traditional SOC estimation methods.

Influence of prolonged natural aging followed by artificial aging on tensile properties and compressive behavior of a thin-walled 6005 aluminum alloy tube

The effects of aging treatments on the tensile properties and compressive behavior of a thin-walled 6005 aluminum alloy tube were studied.Samples after three natural aging(NA)conditions were subsequently aged at 180℃ for 0.5−12.0 h artificial aging(AA).Tensile and compressive tests were performed after AA.The results show that for samples with the same NA,the longer the AA time is,the higher the strengths alloy owns,and at the same time the material shows a much lower elongation and faster process from plastic deformation to fracture.However,with NA prolonging,the alloy exhibits much better plastic deformation ability after AA,though its strength is decreased.The major cause of strength and plasticity variation induced by changing NA time is that the size of the main strengtheningβ''precipitates is larger and the density is lower.This character is evaluated by the strain hardening exponent n.Compressive results show that the optimum energy absorption characteristics can be acquired at a moderate n(14<n<17).Large n(n≥18)results in the fracture of tube during axial compression while low n(n≤13)causes lower energy absorption.

Rotor broken bar fault diagnosis for induction motors based on double PQ transformation

A new rotor broken bar fault diagnosis method for induction motors based on the double PQ transformation is pre-sented. By distinguishing the different patterns of the PQ components in the PQ plane,the rotor broken bar fault can be detected. The magnitude of power component directly resulted from rotor fault is used as the fault indicator and the distance between the point of no-load condition and the center of the ellipse as its normalization value. Based on these,the fault severity factor which is completely independent of the inertia and load level is defined. Moreover,a method to reliably discriminate between rotor faults and periodic load fluctuation is presented. Experimental results from a 4 kW induction motor demonstrated the validity of the proposed method.

基于深度强化学习的微能源系统优化调度

微能源系统是城市配网终端的重要聚合部分,其应对源荷随机特性的能力为城市配网稳定运行提供了有效支撑。针对城市工业园微能源系统提出一种考虑源荷随机波动的动态调度方法。考虑工业园多种可调度资源对微能源系统的经济调度构建数学模型,然后将构建的微能源系统经济调度模型表示为具有连读动作调节的深度强化学习(DRL)模型,最后采用双延迟深度确定性策略梯度算法获取DRL模型下的动态连续调度策略。所提方法不仅避免对源荷随机波动的不确定性进行建模,同时也避免了离散Q学习的可调节设备出力不连续性。仿真结果表明所提出的动态调度方法具有更好的经济性和自适应性。

Filtering Method of Aero⁃engine Load Spectrum Based on Rain Flow Counting

A filtering method of aero-engine load spectrum based on the rain flow counting is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the original load spectrum is counted through the rain flow method to get the peak and valley values.Then,some data points in the original load spectrum are added between the peak and valley values.Finally,the filtering spectrum is obtained.The proposed method can reflect the path information of the original load spectrum.In addition,it can also eliminate the noise in the signal and improve the efficiency of signal processing,which is of practical significance for the research of aero-engine.

Study of beat phenomenon on a pile-supported pipeline system subjected to wave loading

Classical beat phenomenon has been observed in most combined systems. The focus of this paper is to provide a better understanding of this phenomenon in an offshore pile-supported pipeline system. The beat phenomeon is caused by the coupling movement of the pipeline and its vertical pile support under certain conditions. It can induce excessive vibration and cause fatigue failure at pipe elbow. However, in some circumstances it does not exist. Numerical results in both frequency and time domains are presented to elucidate this phenomenon in a combined pipeline system. The conclusions of this paper could give constructive guidance to future design of simply supported pipeline systems.

Investigation of the Effect of Bulbuos Bow of Containership in Head Waves Using CFD

Reynold＇s averaged Navier-Stokes based CFD （computational fluid dynamics） technique WISDAM developed at The University of Tokyo is used to investigate and compare the hydrodynamic loads on container ship models SR108 and KCS in 120 degree regular oblique wave conditions. WISDAM has the capability of handling 6DOF （six degrees of freedom） in ship motions. Finite volume method with structured and overlapping grid system is employed. The flow variables are described in staggered manner, i.e., velocity components arc defined at the face center while pressure is at the cell center. Computational results agree favorably well with existing towing tank results especially for ship motions. Computational results also show that ship with bulbous bow experience higher hydrodynamic loads on bow section.

Numerical Simulation on Hydroelastic Response of Structure under Impact Load from Water Using Eulerian Scheme with Lagrangian Particles

Hydroelasticity caused by water impact is of concem in many applications of ocean engineering/naval architect and is a complicated physical phenomenon. The authors have developed a coupled Eulerian scheme with Lagrangian particles to combine advantages and to compensate disadvantages in both grid based method and particle based method. In this study, the developed numerical model was applied to hydroelastic problems due to impact pressure such as water entry of an elastic cylinder and elastic tanker motion in wave. The authors showed the numerical results which is overall agreement with experimental results. The proposed numerical scheme can be useful and effectiveness to evaluate hydroelasticity and ship-wave interaction in nonlinear wave motion with breaking.

Time Domain Calculation of Connector Loads of a Very Large Floating Structure

Loads generated after an air crash, ship collision, and other accidents may destroy very large floating structures （VLFSs） and create additional connector loads. In this study, the combined effects of ship collision and wave loads are considered to establish motion differential equations for a multi-body VLFS. A time domain calculation method is proposed to calculate the connector load of the VLFS in waves. The Longuet-Higgins model is employed to simulate the stochastic wave load. Fluid force and hydrodynamic coefficient are obtained with DNV Sesam software. The motion differential equation is calculated by applying the time domain method when the frequency domain hydrodynamic coefficient is converted into the memory function of the motion differential equation of the time domain. As a result of the combined action of wave and impact loads, high-frequency oscillation is observed in the time history curve of the connector load. At wave directions of 0° and 75°, the regularities of the time history curves of the connector loads in different directions are similar and the connector loads of C1 and C2 in the X direction are the largest. The oscillation load is observed in the connector in the Y direction at a wave direction of 75° and not at 0° This paper presents a time domain calculation method of connector load to provide a certain reference function for the future development of Chinese VLFS

Investigation on the Cause of Excessive Vibration of an Offshore Platform

An offshore platform of jacket type in Bohai Bay vibrated excessively under design environmental conditions, which had affected the normal operation of the platform. In order to mitigate the vibration of the platform, it is essentially important to explore the cause of the vibration. So the objective of this study is to investigate the cause of the excessive vibration. In this paper, dynamic characteristics of the offshore platform is analyzed by numerical simulation using finite element (FE) modeling. For further verifying the numerical results, model experiment is conducted. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate that there is relative movement and impact between the piles and the jacket, i.e. the piles and the jacket didnt connect well to an entity. It is this cause that the stiffness of the platform decreases and the impact between piles and the jacket legs induces excessive vibration. And also the grouting measure is advised to reduce the vibration of the offshore platform according to the analysis results.

基于退役电池的多目标容量优化配置

近年来随着新能源技术的快速发展,微电网技术在轨道交通领域的应用不断深化。为了解决微电网间接性和波动性的问题,增加企业效能,将退役电池梯次利用到微电网中,建立了退役电池容量配置模型。该系统将适当容量的退役电池安装在微电网负荷侧,以负荷波动性最小及退役电池成本最低为目标函数进行容量配置,利用粒子群算法对模型进行求解。通过研究表明,当系统加入退役电池后,整个系统的弃风弃光量明显减少,并且联络线上的功率得到了降低,该模型可作为多源供电体系架构的一部分在不同用电场景进行应用。

Modeling and simulation of non-linear dynamic process of the induction motor system with fluctuating potential loads

The induction motor system with fluctuating potential loads is a non-linear complex electro-mechanical system.With beam pumping motors as an example,this paper proposes a multiple factor non-linear mathematical model to study the operating performance of the induction motor system.This model consists of non-linear time varying electromagnetic field equations,mechanical wave equations of sucker rods and non-linear coupling equation of reducer and four-bar linkage.The equations are numerically solved by combining time-step finite element method(TS-FEM),finite difference method(FDM),a linear dimension reduction method and the Newton-Raphson method.Simulation results,which are validated by experiments,reveal the influence of the fluctuating potential load on magnetic field distributions,stator and rotor currents,the input power and the power factor.The model and simulation results provide theoretical and technical supports for subsequent researches on model simplification and energy saving technologies.

Neural network representation of electronic structure from ab initio molecular dynamics

Despite their rich information content,electronic structure data amassed at high volumes in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are generally under-utilized.We introduce a transferable high-fidelity neural network representation of such data in the form of tight-binding Hamiltonians for crystalline materials.This predictive representation of ab initio electronic structure,combined with machinelearning boosted molecular dynamics,enables efficient and accurate electronic evolution and sampling.When it is applied to a one-dimension charge-density wave material,carbyne,we are able to compute the spectral function and optical conductivity in the canonical ensemble.The spectral functions evaluated during soliton-antisoliton pair annihilation process reveal significant renormalization of low-energy edge modes due to retarded electron-lattice coupling beyond the Born-Oppenheimer limit.The availability of an efficient and reusable surrogate model for the electronic structure dynamical system will enable calculating many interesting physical properties,paving the way to previously inaccessible or challenging avenues in materials modeling.

Failure behavior of cellular titanium under dynamic loading

The dynamic compressive deformation of cellular titanium with regularly distributed cylindrical pores is investigated to evaluate the effect of shock attenuation and obtain the shock Hugoniot relationship of the material. Dynamic compression experiments are conducted at room temperature using a single-stage light gas gun. The Hugoniot relations between shock wave velocity and particle velocity for the cellular titanium samples with porosities 20% and 30% are obtained. The shock response of the regular cellular titanium shows a clear wave attenuation effect. Numerical simulations are also conducted to supplement the experimental study.Inelastic deformation is observed in the samples using optical micrographs, indicating that the deformation of pores contributes significantly to the shock wave attenuation of the cellular titanium material.