肠健康 菌做主

肠道菌群是一个庞大复杂的生态系统，它占全身菌群总数80％左右。最新的研究成果显示肠道菌群包含有1000类菌种左右，其数量可以达到10^14个，约为人体细胞总数的10倍，重约1．5千克，被称为人体的“第二基因组”。

猪“瘦肉精”、水分、微生物的检测

为了解生猪屠宰安全水平的现状,在某肉品加工企业,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)对盐酸克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺残留量进行检测,采用直接干燥法对猪肉中的水分进行检测,采用营养琼脂、月桂基硫酸盐胰蛋白胨(LST)肉汤对大肠杆菌计数法菌群总数和大肠杆菌进行检测。检测结果表明,该企业的"瘦肉精"超标现象自2015年3月15日起有明显下降,待宰猪的注水现象维持在一个稳定的正常水平,包装前猪肉微生物检测无明显污染现象。表明该企业"瘦肉精"的严重超标现象已得到较为有力的控制,猪肉注水现象在收购环节已得到有效扼制,对屠宰过程中的微生物污染问题也有了很好的处理。

新民市食品微生物检验调查研究

目的为提高食品安全、保障食品质量,避免食源性疾病,对市场、食品加工厂的食品进行微生物检验。方法对新民市各种类型食品进行抽样,并依照食品卫生微生物检验方法测定该次所抽样的10 580件食品,对食品中菌群、菌落总数等按国家食品卫生标准进行判断。结果食品微生物检查中肉制品、饮用水、冷冻产品、膨化食品检查合格率较低,分别为75.90%、80.39%、70.14%、73.93%;饮用水、冷冻产品、膨化食品菌落总数检查不合格率较高,分为11.81%、26.02%、16.69%;而大肠杆菌中肉制品、冷冻产品不合格率较高为10.01%、11.27%;同时致病菌中冷冻产品蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率为0.36%、肉制品金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为0.24%。结论通过对新民市食品进行微生物检测,发现肉制品、饮用水、冷冻产品、膨化食品存在安全隐患较大,相关卫生监督机构需对这类食品尤为关注,同时因加强此类食品生产、加工的规范管理,从根本上避免感染。

Indication of Bacteria in Water Marshes （Southern Iraq）

The study was conducted in water marshes for five major marshes during the months of January, April and September of each region （Hawizeh, Hammer and the central marsh） in southern Iraq. Bacteriological analysis that some of the default pathological bacteria, including TC （Total bacterial count）, FCB （faecal coliform bacteria）, MPN （coliform bacteria） and FS （faecal streptococcus） can evidence to indicate of pollution. The results showed that most of the water samples examined pathological contain bacteria which indicates that the water is unfit for human consumption and the waters as basal （more hydrogen than No. 7）. There was a high salinity more than the permissible limits for human consumption and even to irrigate crops, and the same case for dissolve oxygen which exceeded are other limits as drinking water.

Assessment of Water Microbiologic Pollution in Durres＇s Marine Harbour Basin, Albania

The aim of this study is to assess the water microbiologic pollution in Durres＇s Harbour basin and to compare it with European standards. The comparison of heterotrophs and total coliforms level in sampling are the essence of this research. The object of this study is done in four sampling areas of Durres＇s Harbour basin. In order to compare the level of water microbiologic pollution in four areas of Durres＇s Harbour basin, control area is also studied which is a beach area near the Harbour named Apollonia Beach. The sampling areas were： Ferry Terminal （FT）, Fishery Harbor （FH）, East Zone （EZ）, Fuel Quay （FQ） and Apollonia Beach （AB）, respectively. The period of sample-taking was July-October 2008. The strategy used for this purpose consisted in water insemination with coverage method by means of Petri＇s plates according to respective dilutions in culture media Plate Count Agar （PCA） for heterotrophs and MacConkey for total coliforms. The number of colonies that are formed determines the number of cells at the moment of water insemination, the number of heterotrophs in culture media PCA, respectively. The number of pink and red colonies that were formed determines the number of cells at the moment of water insemination, the number of total coliforms in culture media MacConkey, respectively. The measure ofheterotrophic bacteria and total coliforms used is Colony-Forming Units （CFU）/100 mL seawater. （AB） is within European standards. The richest area with heterotrophs is （FH）, which confirms the fact that it is the most polluted microbiologic area in the Harbour basin of Durres. The richest area with total coliforms is （FT）. The poorest area with heterotrophs and total coliforms is （FQ）.

Waxing of Gouda Cheese by Using Bee Wax with Different Concentration of Propolis

The waxing step plays an important role in production of ripening cheese, the aim of this research is to introduce different concentration of propolis with bee wax to waxing of Gouda cheese, according to a good characteristic of propolis as antimicrobial. A prospective study carried on samples of Gouda cheese waxed by local bee wax with different percentage of local propolis, then cheese was ripened for three months at l0℃. It was found that addition （10%, 20% and 30%） of propolis effects of total bacterial count, coliform count, molds and yeasts count, 30% of propolis had a higher incidence during the period of Gouda cheese which was ripened for three months, then the 20%, but the 10% of propolis had a few microbial effects, compared with control treatments that had a high count of bacterial, coliform, molds and yeasts. This study shows that difference was observed between the total bacterial count of control treatment （0% propolis） with other treatments （10%, 20% and 30% of propolis） after three months of Gouda cheese ripened as well as difference was observed between the total bacterial count of treatment （30% propolis） and other treatments. However, there was no difference between the treatments 10% and 20%, the study shows that the coliform count decrease by increase of propolis percent compared with the control treatment which had increase of coliform count during ripened period, and it had a high significant difference in the count of coilform to different treatments, but a considerable difference was not observed between coliform count in the second treatment （20% propolis） and that the third treatment （30%） propolis after three months of ripening, the third treatment had a high difference in growth inhibition of molds and yeasts counts compared with the other treatments after three months of ripened Gouda cheese. It could be observed in general that effects of propolis especially the third treatment was a great on the mold and yeasts which is usually growth on the surface of the cheese.

下呼吸道标本的采集运送及处理中应注意的事项

人类口咽部定植着大量的需氧菌和厌氧菌等微生物，口腔内菌群总数可达10^13-10^15CFU／ml。患者因基础条件不同，如免疫功能抑制、酗酒或慢性肺部疾病及接受广谱抗菌药物治疗等，其定植菌群的种类也不同。

2019年中国市售水果干制品中微生物污染状况

目的了解中国水果干制品中微生物的污染状况和特征。方法 2019年在全国采集市售水果干制品2917份,按照GB 4789规定方法检测产品中菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌、酵母、沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌。结果 2917份样品中有5.01%的样品菌落总数>10;CFU/g, 2.98%的样品大肠菌群>10;CFU/g。34.42%的样品霉菌>50 CFU/g, 9.46%的样品酵母>50 CFU/g。沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌检出率分别为0.14%和0.03%。不同种类水果干制品微生物污染差异较大(P<0.01),其中枸杞干和榴莲干的总体卫生状况最差。不同监测地区水果干制品微生物污染存在差异(P<0.01或P<0.05),总体而言,华南、西南和华中地区样品的微生物污染情况严重。不同包装、不同采样地点的水果干样品之间微生物污染情况差异无统计学意义。结论 2019年中国水果干制品的卫生状况总体较差。