应用静态箱/气相色谱法对旱地小麦-玉米轮作田和种菜历史超过20a的菜地进行了N2O排放的定位观测,分析了旱地和菜地生态系统N2O排放特征的差异,及施氮、土壤温度、土壤湿度和作物参与对两种农田系统N2O排放的不同影响。结果表明,不施氮...应用静态箱/气相色谱法对旱地小麦-玉米轮作田和种菜历史超过20a的菜地进行了N2O排放的定位观测,分析了旱地和菜地生态系统N2O排放特征的差异,及施氮、土壤温度、土壤湿度和作物参与对两种农田系统N2O排放的不同影响。结果表明,不施氮情况下,旱地和菜地N2O排放通量分别为17.8±5.6和50.7±13.3μg m-2h-1,菜地N2O排放通量是旱地农田的3.1倍。在施氮(N 150 kg hm-2)情况下,菜地N2O排放系数较旱地高39.0%。粮食作物参与和蔬菜作物参与对增加各自农田生态系统N2O排放量的贡献无明显差异。旱地和菜地不同作物季N2O排放量的差异主要是由于作物生育期长短不同造成单位时间施肥强度存在差异。所以,根据作物生育期特点调节施肥量可能会减少农田生态系统N2O排放量,并且由于菜地各蔬菜生育期长短的差异更大,因此,菜地若能实现精量施肥,其N2O减排的潜力可能大于旱地农田。展开更多
As a result of intensive greenhouse vegetable production in northern China, the potential risk of nitrogen （N） fertilizer over-applied is increasingly apparent and is threatening ecosystem and the sustainability of ...As a result of intensive greenhouse vegetable production in northern China, the potential risk of nitrogen （N） fertilizer over-applied is increasingly apparent and is threatening ecosystem and the sustainability of food production. An experiment was carried out in Shouguang, Shangdong Province, China to evaluate agronomic benefit and soil quality under different N applications, including the conventional chemical N rate （1000 kg N ha^（-1） season^（-1）, N1）, 70% of N1 （N2）, 70% of N1 ＋ maize straw （N3）, 50% of N1 ＋ maize straw ＋ drip irrigation （N4）, and 0% of N1 （NO）, during two successive growing seasons of autumn-winter （AW） and winter-spring （WS）. The maximum yields for N4 were 1.1 and 1.0 times greater than those for N1 in the AW and WS seasons, respectively. N agronomic efficiency （AEN） and apparent N recovery efficiency （REN） were greatest with the N4. A significant relationship was found between soil NO3-N content and electrical conductivity （EC） （R^2 = 0.61 in the AW season and R^2= 0.29 in the WS season）. Reducing N fertilizer decreased soil NO3-N accumulation （20.9%-37.8% reduction in the AW season and 11.7%-20.1% reduction in the WS season） relative to the accumulation observed for N1 within the 0-100 cm soil layer. Soil urease and invertase activities were not significantly different among N treatments. The N4 treatment would be practical for reducing excess N input and maintaining the sustainability of greenhouse-based intensive vegetable systems in Shouguang.展开更多
文摘应用静态箱/气相色谱法对旱地小麦-玉米轮作田和种菜历史超过20a的菜地进行了N2O排放的定位观测,分析了旱地和菜地生态系统N2O排放特征的差异,及施氮、土壤温度、土壤湿度和作物参与对两种农田系统N2O排放的不同影响。结果表明,不施氮情况下,旱地和菜地N2O排放通量分别为17.8±5.6和50.7±13.3μg m-2h-1,菜地N2O排放通量是旱地农田的3.1倍。在施氮(N 150 kg hm-2)情况下,菜地N2O排放系数较旱地高39.0%。粮食作物参与和蔬菜作物参与对增加各自农田生态系统N2O排放量的贡献无明显差异。旱地和菜地不同作物季N2O排放量的差异主要是由于作物生育期长短不同造成单位时间施肥强度存在差异。所以,根据作物生育期特点调节施肥量可能会减少农田生态系统N2O排放量,并且由于菜地各蔬菜生育期长短的差异更大,因此,菜地若能实现精量施肥,其N2O减排的潜力可能大于旱地农田。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21107139)the Ministry of Agriculture Public Benefit Research Foundation of China (No.201103007)+1 种基金the Special Fund of Research Institute Technology Development of China (No.2012EG134235)the National Basic Research Program (973 program) of China (No.2007CB109308)
文摘As a result of intensive greenhouse vegetable production in northern China, the potential risk of nitrogen （N） fertilizer over-applied is increasingly apparent and is threatening ecosystem and the sustainability of food production. An experiment was carried out in Shouguang, Shangdong Province, China to evaluate agronomic benefit and soil quality under different N applications, including the conventional chemical N rate （1000 kg N ha^（-1） season^（-1）, N1）, 70% of N1 （N2）, 70% of N1 ＋ maize straw （N3）, 50% of N1 ＋ maize straw ＋ drip irrigation （N4）, and 0% of N1 （NO）, during two successive growing seasons of autumn-winter （AW） and winter-spring （WS）. The maximum yields for N4 were 1.1 and 1.0 times greater than those for N1 in the AW and WS seasons, respectively. N agronomic efficiency （AEN） and apparent N recovery efficiency （REN） were greatest with the N4. A significant relationship was found between soil NO3-N content and electrical conductivity （EC） （R^2 = 0.61 in the AW season and R^2= 0.29 in the WS season）. Reducing N fertilizer decreased soil NO3-N accumulation （20.9%-37.8% reduction in the AW season and 11.7%-20.1% reduction in the WS season） relative to the accumulation observed for N1 within the 0-100 cm soil layer. Soil urease and invertase activities were not significantly different among N treatments. The N4 treatment would be practical for reducing excess N input and maintaining the sustainability of greenhouse-based intensive vegetable systems in Shouguang.
