Beetroot （Beta vulgaris L.） was pulped to get the juice. The juice was given heat treatment. Yoghurt was formulated and flavored with prepared beetroot （Beta vulgaris L.） juice at different concentration levels （...Beetroot （Beta vulgaris L.） was pulped to get the juice. The juice was given heat treatment. Yoghurt was formulated and flavored with prepared beetroot （Beta vulgaris L.） juice at different concentration levels （0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL）. The most preferred flavored yoghurt samples were obtained by sensory scores （color, flavor, mouth feel, aftertaste and overall acceptability）. The most preferred sample was then subjected to proximate, physico-chemical, microbiological and micro-nutrient analysis. The result obtained showed that the pH value ranged between 6.5 and 7.8. Thus, this showed that the product was quite good. However, ash and moisture content increased with addition of the beetroot juice, while micro-nutrient, （Mg, Na, K, Ca and Vitamin C） increased with the addition of the juice. There was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） in the overall acceptability of all products. There was no coliform and mould growth in all the samples. The best concentration level in the samples was 90 mL of yoghurt and 10 mL of beetroot juice. Therefore, the beetroot flavored yoghurt could be said to be nutritious, safe and an acceptable product by the panelists.展开更多
Recycling human urine for farming was assessed in a peri-urban Kyanja parish, Kampala district, and in a rural Migyera parish, Nakasongola district, to demonstrate its potential and develop local use guidelines. Test ...Recycling human urine for farming was assessed in a peri-urban Kyanja parish, Kampala district, and in a rural Migyera parish, Nakasongola district, to demonstrate its potential and develop local use guidelines. Test crops were maize, Nakati （Solanum aethiopicum）, kale, spinach, cabbage, tomatoes, egg plants. Urine-water mixtures （0, 10%, 20%, 30% urine） were applied weekly or bi-weekly. At Kyanja, 30% urine weekly gave the highest maize yields. Within 2 months, 10% urine weekly increased Nakati yield from 5,444 to 24,667 kg ha^-1. 20% Urine weekly increased kale yield （7,556 to 16,111 kg ha^-1） and spinach （4,222 to 19,022 kg ha^-1）. At Migyera, 10% urine weekly increased cabbage yield （4,975 to 16,113 kg ha^-1） but 30% urine weekly decreased cabbage head-weight by 36%. Weekly applied urine produced heavier cabbage heads than bi-weekly （548 g vs. 427 g, P 〈 0.05）. LeafN was higher for weekly than bi-weekly applied urine （3.3% vs. 3.0%）, implying more protein in the former than the latter. From this study, the following guidelines are proposed： Kyanja area, maize： apply 30% urine weekly for 8-weeks; Nakati： apply 10% urine weekly for 8-weeks; Kale and spinach： apply 20% urine weekly; For Migyera area, cabbage and spinach： apply 10% urine weekly. Apply urine 15 cm around each plant starting 2-weeks after transplanting. So kale and spinach prolong urine application for continued harvesting.展开更多
文摘Beetroot （Beta vulgaris L.） was pulped to get the juice. The juice was given heat treatment. Yoghurt was formulated and flavored with prepared beetroot （Beta vulgaris L.） juice at different concentration levels （0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL）. The most preferred flavored yoghurt samples were obtained by sensory scores （color, flavor, mouth feel, aftertaste and overall acceptability）. The most preferred sample was then subjected to proximate, physico-chemical, microbiological and micro-nutrient analysis. The result obtained showed that the pH value ranged between 6.5 and 7.8. Thus, this showed that the product was quite good. However, ash and moisture content increased with addition of the beetroot juice, while micro-nutrient, （Mg, Na, K, Ca and Vitamin C） increased with the addition of the juice. There was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） in the overall acceptability of all products. There was no coliform and mould growth in all the samples. The best concentration level in the samples was 90 mL of yoghurt and 10 mL of beetroot juice. Therefore, the beetroot flavored yoghurt could be said to be nutritious, safe and an acceptable product by the panelists.
文摘Recycling human urine for farming was assessed in a peri-urban Kyanja parish, Kampala district, and in a rural Migyera parish, Nakasongola district, to demonstrate its potential and develop local use guidelines. Test crops were maize, Nakati （Solanum aethiopicum）, kale, spinach, cabbage, tomatoes, egg plants. Urine-water mixtures （0, 10%, 20%, 30% urine） were applied weekly or bi-weekly. At Kyanja, 30% urine weekly gave the highest maize yields. Within 2 months, 10% urine weekly increased Nakati yield from 5,444 to 24,667 kg ha^-1. 20% Urine weekly increased kale yield （7,556 to 16,111 kg ha^-1） and spinach （4,222 to 19,022 kg ha^-1）. At Migyera, 10% urine weekly increased cabbage yield （4,975 to 16,113 kg ha^-1） but 30% urine weekly decreased cabbage head-weight by 36%. Weekly applied urine produced heavier cabbage heads than bi-weekly （548 g vs. 427 g, P 〈 0.05）. LeafN was higher for weekly than bi-weekly applied urine （3.3% vs. 3.0%）, implying more protein in the former than the latter. From this study, the following guidelines are proposed： Kyanja area, maize： apply 30% urine weekly for 8-weeks; Nakati： apply 10% urine weekly for 8-weeks; Kale and spinach： apply 20% urine weekly; For Migyera area, cabbage and spinach： apply 10% urine weekly. Apply urine 15 cm around each plant starting 2-weeks after transplanting. So kale and spinach prolong urine application for continued harvesting.
