菜豆——四季豆发展传播史研究

菜豆——四季豆是中国人民和世界人民最爱吃的蔬菜之一。在中英文中它的称谓十分歧异便反映了这点。菜豆——四季豆分别起源于中美洲和安第斯山区。距今至少六千多年前,今墨西哥普埃布拉州的印第安人最早开始栽培菜豆——四季豆。一些现存最古老的菜豆——四季豆豆粒则为发现于今秘鲁安第斯山区的四千多年前的残粒。到地理大发现开始前,菜豆——四季豆的大田栽培已遍及今美国南部、墨西哥、中美洲和南美洲北部,成为与玉米、南瓜并列的重要的"三大姊妹"作物。16世纪初菜豆——四季豆传入欧洲,很快受到欧洲人的欢迎并传开。大概在16世纪末,菜豆——四季豆传入中国。1654年,中国的隐元禅师渡日弘法,把该作物传去。但明代文献中并无关于菜豆——四季豆的确切记载。直到乾隆年间,张宗法的《三农纪》(1760年成书)才确凿、详细地记下了菜豆——四季豆。稍后,嘉道年间吴其的《植物名实图考》画下了菜豆——四季豆的逼真图画。在此期间,菜豆——四季豆渐渐传遍了全国,包括边远地区。今天,中国已成为世界上最大的菜豆——四季豆生产国和消费国。

Inheritance of Angular Leaf Spot [Phaeoisariopsis griseola （Sacc.） Ferr] Resistance in Common Bean （Phaseolus vulgaris L,） Population Developed from Kablanketi x Mexico 54

The genetic resistance to angular leaf spot （ALS） caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola in the common bean cultivar Mexico 54 was investigated on disease reactions in parental, F1, F2 and backcross generations derived from crosses between a resistant cultivar Mexico 54 and a susceptible cultivar Kablanketi under screen house conditions. The heritability （h2） estimate was as high as 0.719 indicating a successful transfer of ALS resistance among progenies and thus selection can be performed in early generation. High heritability coupled with high expected genetic advance of 39.5% is considered to be more useful in predicting the outcome of selecting the best individuals. Chi-square values were computed to determine whether the observed ratios for disease reactions deviated from expected Mendelian ratios for a single, dominant gene controlling resistance to angular leaf spot in common bean. Based on the resistance of the F2, and the backcross generation to the resistant parent, a 3 resistant： 1 susceptible segregation ratio in the F2 and a 1 resistant： 1 susceptible segregation ratio in the backcross generation to the susceptible parent was obtained implying that resistance to the isolate ofPhaeoisariopsis griseola is governed by a single, dominant gene.