Different Foliar Fertilizer Treatments Affect the Yield and Quality of Brassica napus L.for Both Vegetable and Oil Dual-Use Rape

Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of different foliar fertilizer treatments on the agronomic traits,yield,and quality of Brassica napus L.for both vegetable and oil dual-use rape.The seedlings of‘Youtai 929’,‘Jinyoutai 1’,and‘Zhongshuang 11’were sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate,naphthylacetic acid,and selenium fertilizer,and the agronomic traits,yield,and quality were determined.The results showed that the naphthylacetic acid treatment had the highest indexes before winter,followed by the selenium fertilizer treatment.At the harvesting stage,the plant height,number of siliquae,yield per plant,and number of effective branches on the main stem of the three varieties were the highest in the naphthylacetic acid treatment,followed by those in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment.The fresh shoot quality was the best in the selenium fertilizer treatment and the second in the naphthylacetic acid treatment.‘Jinyoutai 1’applied with naphthylacetic acid had the highest economic benefit of 4971.78 CNY/667m^(2),which was 642.32 CNY/667m^(2) higher than that of the control.The findings suggested that naphthylacetic acid was suitable to be used as the foliar fertilizer for the seedlings of B.napus varieties for both vegetable and oilseed,and the additional application of selenium fertilizer demonstrated better effect.

淮北稻麦两熟地区稻—菜—菜多元高效种植模式主要特点及关键技术

稻—菜—菜多元高效种植模式由传统的稻麦两熟种植模式改造而来,变一年两熟为一年多熟,经济效益、社会效益和农业资源利用率得到显著提高,农田生态环境明显改善。总结了稻—菜—菜多元高效种植模式中的几种主要种植模式及其关键技术、产量收益,以期为稻麦两熟地区发展高效农业提供有效参考。

淮安区粮菜、菜菜高效立体种植模式

科学利用玉米、瓜菜、水稻等作物进行间套种栽培,重点介绍粮菜、菜菜立体种植模式、茬口安排、经济效益等内容,为作物的间套种栽培提供参考。

“蔬菜”和“菜蔬”的成词与演变

同素逆序词不仅在汉语词汇中出现,作为一种特殊的语言现象,它也出现在“汉字文化圈”的其他国家。以韩语中“菜蔬”一词的使用为例,探讨同素逆序词“蔬菜”与“菜蔬”的成词过程、历史演变,解读二者在不同时期的使用状况。在这一基础上,探究现代汉语中“蔬菜”逐步取代“菜蔬”、而日韩仍然使用“菜蔬”的原因。

Review on the Pollution-free,Green and Organic Vegetables

This article reviews the concepts, origin and development of pollution-free, green and organic vegetables; then discusses the certification methods, production standard and development orientation of them, which has greatly directive significance for vegetable production and consumption.

春番茄-夏秋豆角-莴苣一年三熟——深沟灌水栽培技术

春番茄-夏秋豆角-莴苣深沟灌水栽培模式是根据二塘镇茶林村番茄基地的基本条件进行开深沟淹水和合理套改的栽培模式,调节田间小气候,实行一季免耕栽培,可以减少田间劳动强度,减少病虫害发生,节约成本,提高农作物生产效益,促进农业增产农民增收的目的。

Study on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation of Brassica campestris L. with Fusion Gene Ycoil-bFGF

[ Objective] The study is to generate pharmaceutical protein via plant transgenic technique. [Methed] Using the cotyledons with petiole as transformation receptor, the fusion gene of rapeseed oil-body gene and bFGF was introduced into the rapeseed （ Brassica campestris L. ） by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation; meanwhile regeneration conditions of rapeseed were also optimized, and the regenerated resistant plantlets were detected by PCR and Southern blot. [ Result] This fusion gene had been integrated into rapeseed genome successfully, and the optimized conditions of transformation and regeneration were as follows： explants pre-culture for 2 d, co-culture for 3 d, bacteria solution OD600 for 0.3 and infection time for 5 min. [ Conclusion] The results laid a solid foundation for extraction, isolation and purification of protein in transgenic plant seeds.

Effects of Interaction between Density and Nitrogen Rate on Growth and Yield of No-tilling and Direct Sowing Rapeseed in Chengdu Plain

[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal density and nitrogen rate of no-tilling and direct sowing rapeseeds in Chengdu plain. [Methods] Effects of in- teraction between density and nitrogen rate on the growth and yield of direct sowing rapeseed under no-tillage condition were investigated with Chuanyou 58 as materials and a split-plot experiment adopted. [Results] In Chengdu Plain, the yields of rape- seed changed from increasing to decreasing with increase of density and nitrogen rate. Both of density and nitrogen rate had significant effects on growth and yield of rapeseed and the latter overweighed in the effect. In addition, interaction of the two had negative effects on rapeseed yield. The yield of rapeseeds achieved the highest at 3 395.25 kg/hm^2 with interaction of density at 30.00×10^4 plant/hm^2 and nitrogen rate at 180.00 kg/hm^2; the theoretical maximal yield was 3 403.41 kg/hm^2 with interaction of density at 40.80×10^4 plants/hm^2 and nitrogen rate at 198.90 kg/hm^2. [Conclusion] In Chengdu Plain, the optimal density and nitrogen rate are 30.00×10^4-45.00×10^4 plant/hm^2 and 180.00-198.90 kg/hm^2, respectively.

Effects of Planting Density, Duration of Disclosing Plastic Film and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth Dynamics of Rapeseed under No-tillage Cultivation

[ Objective] This study was to understend the optimized combination of planting density, duration of disclosing plastic film and nitrogen fertilization under no-tillage cultivation. [ Method] Quadratic polynomial regression and saturated D-optimal design were employed to investigate the effects of planting density, duration of disclosing plastic film and nitrogen fertilization on the dynamics growth of rapeseed under no-tillage cultivation.[ Result] Within the experimental range, the growth dynamics of no-tillage cultivated rapeseed assumed a rise-fall tend. For the effects to the growth dynamics of no-tillage cultivated rapeseed, nitrogen application amount was higher than planting density and duration of disclosing plastic film. The interaction effect between planting density and duration of disclosing plastic film was higher than that between nitrogen application amount and planting density, and between nitrogen application amount and duration of disclosing plastic film. [ Conclusion] The optimized combination of these factors for dynamic growth of rapeseed under no-tillage cultivation was determined to be： planting density of per hectare 154 925 individuals, duration of disclosing plastic film of 110 d, nitrogen application amount of 315 kg/hm^2.

The High-yield Cultivation Technique of African Mesembr yanthemum crystallinum L.

A new health-care vegetable of African Mesembr yanthemum was intro-duced in Shandong, having good benefits, good production potential and huge mar-ket space for development. Some of cultivation techniques including the choice of planting time and location, seeding and transplanting, management measures after planting, the harvesting and transportation methods were introduced in this paper according to the ecological characteristics and the existing cultivation experience of Mesembryanthemum.

Two New ent-Kauranoids from Isodon tenuifolia

Two new ent-kauranoids, tenuifolin A (3beta,6alpha, 15beta-trihydroxy-1alpha, 7beta-diacetoxy-11beta, 16beta-epoxy-ent-kaurane) (1) and tenuifolin B (1alpha,6alpha, 11beta-trihydroxy-3beta,7beta-diacetoxy-ent-kaur-16-en-15-one) (2), together with four known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon tenuifolia (W. W. Smith) Kudo collected from Zhongdian County, Yunnan Province, China. Their structures were determined by the spectral methods (including 2D NMR techniques).

Study on Genetic Relationship of Purple Tsai-tai Germplasms with SSR Markers

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the genetic relationship of purple tsai-tai germplasms using SSR molecular markers. [Method] SSR analysis of 45 purple tsai-tai samples was conducted with 65 pairs of primers selected from cabbage primers, and the cluster analysis was carried out. [Result] A total of 23 pairs of SSR primers were screened; cluster analysis showed that the genetic relationship of purple tsai-tai germplasms had relatively significantly locality, and the 45 purple tsaitai samples can be divided into three groups of Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei; furthermore, the similarity coefficients of 45 purple tsai-tai samples were all greater than 0.5 （ranging from 0.547 0 to 0.910 7）, indicating that the closer the genetic relationship among purple tsai-tai samples is, the narrower the genetic basis will be. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical and technical basis for the identification, protection and breeding of the resources of local varieties of seaweed sprouts. This study provided theoretical and technical basis for the identification, protection, breeding and utilization of local purple tsai-tai resource.

Extra-Large Seed Germplasms of Brassica Napus Created through Microspore Culture

Thousand Seed Weight （TSW） is one of the major yield components of rapeseed （Brassica napus L.）. Here reports an extra-large seed germplasm GM01 which was obtained through isolated microspore culture. Three-way cross was made： H8--a Yunnan spring early-maturing rapeseed variety, ＂Legeney＂--a Canadian canola variety and ＂020010＂--a semi-winter late-maturing rapeseed variety. One hundred and forty eight doubled hyploid lines were obtained from the F~ plants of three-way cross through isolated mierospore culture. Among them, the TSW of GM01 amounted to 8.68 g and the TSW of 53 lines were above 5.0 g. The TSWs of GM01 were relatively stable among the multi-location field trials from 2007 to 2014 with variation being only 10%-15% among the locations and years. Compared with H8, GM01 had larger flowers, stigmas, siliques and seed diameters, but less branches, siliques per plant and seeds per silique.

Can Cadmium Uptake by Chinese Cabbage be Reduced After Growing Cd-Accumulating Rapeseed?

Rapeseed （Brassica campestris L.）, a Cd-accumulating crop, is effective in reducing plant-available Cd from soil. A pot experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the Cd uptake by Chinese cabbage （Brassica pekinensis Rupr.） grown in rotation with rapeseed would be reduced due to the efficient removal of bioavailable Cd from soil solution by the rapeseed crops. The Cd removal by shoot for the rapeseed cultivar Zhucang Huazi ranged from 0.24% to 0.99% in natural Cd-contaminated soil （soil A） and from 0.63% to 1.23% in artificial Cd-contaminated soil （soil B） during the growth period of 4 7 weeks; whereas that for the rapeseed cultivar Chuanyou Ⅱ-93 ranged from 0.25% to 0.66% and from 0.38% to 1.02%, respectively. Chinese cabbage grown in the pots with soil A for five weeks after harvesting rapeseed exhibited a significantly lower Cd concentration compared to that grown in the control pots （uncropped with rapeseed）. However, the rotation of rapeseed did not lower the Cd concentration of Chinese cabbage on soil B. Although an increase of Cd uptake was observed in the rapeseed cultivars with growth time, and the decrease of soil NH4OAc-extractable Cd was found only in the natural rather than artificial Cd-contaminated soil.

Analyses of local ingredients and dishes on menus of the Budapest-Middle-Danube touristic region

The background of the study is based on previous studies dealing with the areas of Transdanubia of Hungary. Those works have proved the hypothesis of author that local ingredients and dishes represent minimum role on menus. The question is how similar or different the choice of menus of Budapest-Middle-Danube compared with the previously examined areas of Hungary. There can be another question about the usage of local ingredients available near to the catering units. This piece of work has studied 79 menus of Budapest-Middle-Danube, Hungary. The material was collected from different types of restaurants, small restaurants （vendeglo in Hungarian） and roadside restaurants （csarda in Hungarian）. The method of the work was on the one hand, data collecting, and on the other hand, examination of the differences between the catering units in details： the number of dishes, the right order of dishes, the appearance of local ingredients and dishes, the consideration of seasonality, the usage of different cooking methods and group of dishes. The study reflects the main problems of countryside restaurants in Hungary. Only minimum number of dishes could be connected to local dishes out of more than thousands. All in all, dishes are not as precise and perfect as the ＂old ones＂, so that is why it is important for every expert keep the traditions alive in daily routines and strategic mean too.

Suppressive Effect of Brassica juncea on the Root-Lesion Nematode （ Pratylenchus penetrans）

Incorporation of sulfur-rich crucifer tissues into soil is known to suppress a variety of soil-bome plant pathogens and pests. The potentials of using Brassica juncea as green manure to kill the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans m soil and to decrease damages to subsequent crops were assessed in field and pot experiments. In the first trial, green manures containing B. juncea were grown and incorporated during spring to summer 2009. Japanese radish was then cultivated in each plot. In the second trial in spring 2010, green manure was grown and incorporated during summer to autumn 2009, and greater burdock was cultivated in pots containing soil sampled from each plot. Neither trial showed clear effects on nematode populations in the soil. However, in the first trial, Japanese radish grown following a B. juncea breeding line with a high content of sinigrin had a lower root lesion index and a higher number of marketable taproots than grown in the fallow soil. In the second trail, greater burdock cultivated in pots following incorporation ofB. juncea had a lower root lesion index with the incorporation of white mustard, which is widely used as a landscape plant. These findings suggest that B. juncea used as green manure can potentially decrease damage to subsequent crops caused by the root-lesion nematode, although it had no positive effect on decreasing populations of the root-lesion nematode in the soil.

从新“三品一标”视觉看八步蔬菜产业发展

农业农村部提出了以品种培优、品质提升、品牌创建和标准化生产为内容的新“三品一标”。广西壮族自治区贺州市八步区以蔬菜为主导产业,依托资源禀赋、区位优势及良好的产业基础,全面贯彻落实新“三品一标”发展路径,良种推广应用率达98%以上;围绕增施有机肥、水肥一体化等“双减双增”技术途径,主推粮经轮作、菜-菜轮作和淮山-瓜类套种模式,不断提升产品品质;实施区域公用品牌和企业自主品牌共建,引导、扶持经营主体开展绿色食品认证和各类基地认定,加强品牌建设;制定蔬菜生产技术规程,提升加工、保鲜能力,促进蔬菜产业标准化生产,香芋全产业链基本形成;引导蔬菜经营主体探索出六大产业发展模式,不断增强优质生态蔬菜供给能力。同时,八步蔬菜还存在育苗水平相对落后、生产水平有待提高、品牌溢价还未形成、标准化生产难度大及利益联结机制松散等问题,提出了加强产业指引、增强育苗能力、提升种植水平、延伸产业链条等发展对策。

More Benefit from Less Land： A New Rice-Pea-Rice Cropping Pattern for Resource-Poor Farmers of Bangladesh

The experiments were conducted at the Pulses Research Centre, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 crop seasons to determine the economic viability of planting legumes for both vegetable and forage purposes in the fallow period between monsoon-rice and spring-rice. The objectives were to ensure better land utilization, break up the mono cropping, improve soil health, and generate extra-income for small and resource-poor farmers of Bangladesh. Crop compositions used in the experiments were monsoon-rice （cv. BRRIdhan-32, BRRldhan-39 and BINAdhan-4） followed by pulses （grasspea, chickpea and field pea） followed by spring-rice （cv. BRRldhan-28, BRRldhan-29 and BINAdhan-6）. Based on the data from two years in a pooled analyses, it was observed that monsoon-rice variety BINAdhan-4, followed by field pea （as vegetable ＆ forage） and spring-rice variety BINAdhan-6 produced the highest yields of 5.0 t ha-1 rice grain, 3.25 t ha1 （green vegetable） ＋ 18.1 t hal （forage） legumes and 7.8 t ha~ rice grain, respectively. The cropping pattern of monsoon-rice （BINAdhan-4）-field pea （as vegetable ＋ forage）-spring-rice （BINAdhan-6） gave the highest net return of USD$1,705 hal year-~ compared to other patterns with different rice varieties and chickpea and grasspea. This is a new finding, and is being practiced by farmers of Bangladesh who have enhanced their farm income substantially. This has also generated job opportunities for rural women to pick the green vegetable of field pea.

Protective Effects of Glycinebetaine on Brassica chinensis Under Salt Stress

Brassica chinensis L. were foliarly applied with glycinebetaine (GB), as this species is unable to synthesis GB and sensitive to osmotic stress such as salt. The exogenous GB was easily absorbed and transported by the leaf of B. chinensis . Its application (0-20 mmol/L) enhanced the plant tolerance to salt stress. The treatment of 15 mmol/L GB significantly decreased the Na + accumulation in leaf and root under NaCl stress. This difference in accumulating Na + and K + is caused by higher selectivity of root absorption. Furthermore, GB increased H +_ATPase activity of root plasma membrane evidently. This result strongly suggested that in root the decreased Na + accumulation was caused by the GB accumulation that enhanced the extrusion of Na + from the cell in some way through plasma membrane transporter, e.g. Na +/H + antiport driven by H +_ATPase. The GB application was also found to stabilize the plasma membrane, to decrease the loss of chlorophyll, and to stimulate the osmosis induced proline response under salt stress.