菲污染土壤原位臭氧化修复的一维模型

建立了原位臭氧化土壤修复的扩散-反应模型,该模型可以预测被处理污染物在土壤中的时空分布及臭氧的穿透曲线。运用序贯求解策略,由有限差分法获得了该模型的数值解,并根据一维土柱实验对其进行验证。土柱实验中菲含量为17mgkg-1,臭氧进口浓度为9.4mgL-1,气量为50mLmin-1。模拟土壤由90%的硅砂和10%的高岭土混合而成,土壤水分含量为12%。由土柱实验分别测定不同时刻菲在土柱中不同位置的残留量以及臭氧的穿透曲线。结果表明,在大多数时间里,模型对菲的时空分布拟合较好,但实验后期拟合效果不理想,而且根据模型求出的臭氧出口浓度也较实测值提前到达穿透点。这是由于模型中仅考虑了土壤中臭氧和污染物菲之间的反应,没有考虑臭氧和菲的中间降解产物之间的反应,因此需要对土壤中的臭氧化反应机理进行更深入的研究。

Comparison of stem taper models for the four tropical tree species in Mount Makiling, Philippines

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of six stem taper models on four tropical tree species, namely Celtis luzonica(Magabuyo),Diplodiscus paniculatus(Balobo), Parashorea malaanonan(Bagtikan), and Swietenia macrophylla(Mahogany) in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve(MMFR), Philippines using fit statistics and lack-of-fit statistics. Four statistical criteria were used in this study, including the standard error of estimate(SEE),coefficient of determination(R^2), mean bias( E),and absolute mean difference(AMD). For the lack-offit statistics, SEE, E and AMD were determined in different relative height classes. The results indicated that the Kozak02 stem taper model offered the best fit for the four tropical species in most statistics. The Kozak02 model also consistently provided the best performance in the lack-of-fit statistics with the best SEE, E and AMD in most of the relative height classes. These stem taper equations could help forest managers and researchers better estimate the diameter of the outside bark with any given height,merchantable stem volumes and total stem volumes of standing trees belonging to the four species of thetropical forest in MMFR.

Peripheral Realities： Visual Artists in Cebu, Philippines

Visual artists in the island provinces of the Philippines often find themselves navigating through adversities in the production and dissemination of their creative work. With the visual-arts praxis being exclusively cited in the nation’s capital city, the majority of artists spread over an archipelago of seven thousand islands fall under the notion of struggling, but persevering creator. This paper aims to describe and evaluate the art ecology of Cebu City, the art-related conditions of artists and their tenacity. The methodology used for case-creation： semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and observation. The main finding of the study is that contemporary visual artists in the island province of Cebu, Philippines perceive the struggles from the production to the consumption of art as customary to their milieus. The study plots the current visual-arts ecology model of the locale and proposes future innovations for the development of the sector’s value chain. From the context of a developing country, the study also expands the discussion between creating art for art’s sake and art as a market commodity through the intermediate position of artists.

The effect of firm size and firm activities on CSR practices of selected Chinese-Filipino-owned MSMEs in Metro Manila

Socially-responsible business and ethical behavior of companies have been of interest to academia and practice for decades, but the focus has almost exclusively been on large corporations, while small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） have not received as much attention （Hammann, et al., 2009）. Worthington, et al （2006） recognized the need to encourage socially-responsible business practices among the 90 per cent or more of the world＇s businesses that are classified as SMEs. Perrini, et al （2007） found that size explains the differences in firms＇ willingness to define and implement such specific corporate social responsibility （CSR） strategies, while Murillo and Lozano （2006） concluded that it still remains to be explored whether manufacturing companies tend to apply CSR more extensively, or whether businesses oriented to other business have a tendency to incorporate CSR into their management patterns to a higher degree. Moreover, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, in her 7 June, 2002 speech, recognized the importance of Chinese-Filipinos in helping improve the Philippine economy, and yet, not much research had been done on this sub-sector. Thus, this paper focuses on the effect of finn size and finn activities on the social responsibility practices of selected 30 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises （MSMEs） in Metro Manila which are owned by Chinese-Filipinos. Survey questionnaires and interview were used for gathering data, while a correlations test was used to analyze the data and to conclude whether finn size and finn activities have an effect on the sampled companies＇ CSR practices.

Investigation on film cooling characteristics from a row of converging slot-holes on flat plate

Experimental and numerical researches were conducted to investigate the cooling performance of a single row of consoles （converging slot-hole） on a large-scale flat-plate model. The results show that the coolant flow from a row of consoles shows good lateral uniformity of adiabatic effectiveness, with regions of slightly enhanced cooling occurring between the consoles. For the console cooling geometry, the interaction between coolant jet from inclined console and the mainstream flow results in reasonable vortices configuration. A pair of counter rotating vortices originate from the edge of slot, not from the centerline of film holes and the rotating direction is contrary to conventional cylindrical hole. The heat transfer coefficient ratio is a tittle bigger for the console case than conventional cylindrical hole, and the discharge coefficient for a console is larger than that for cylindrical film cooling hole.