[Objective] The aim was to understand genetic diversity and genetic differ- entiation situation of wild V. philippinarum population in the coast of China. [Methed] Based on PCR technology, CO I gene fragments of the m...[Objective] The aim was to understand genetic diversity and genetic differ- entiation situation of wild V. philippinarum population in the coast of China. [Methed] Based on PCR technology, CO I gene fragments of the mitochondria were amplified from two populations of Yantai and Weihai for sequence analysis. [Result] Fifty sam- ples all obtained CO I gene fragment sequence of 684 bp. A total of 42 haplotypes were defined, and 62 variation loci were detected. The haplotypes diversity of two populations was both high, while the nucleotide diversity was low. The phylogenetic tree of haplotypes established by maximum likelihood （ML） method showed that the samples of two geographic populations presented diffused distribution and had no obvious population differentiation. [Conclusion] The result indicated that the gene ex- change of marine animal is easy, and the separation among different seas is weak.展开更多
An efficient catalyst system based on a Pd-metalated porous organic polymer bearing phenanthroline ligands was designed and synthesized.This catalyst was applied to various C–C bond-forming reactions,including the Su...An efficient catalyst system based on a Pd-metalated porous organic polymer bearing phenanthroline ligands was designed and synthesized.This catalyst was applied to various C–C bond-forming reactions,including the Suzuki,Heck and Sonogashira couplings,and afforded the corresponding products while exhibiting excellent activities and selectivities.More importantly,this catalyst can be readily recycled.These features show that such catalysts have significant potential applications in the future.展开更多
The typical organic pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) anthracene was selected as a contaminant to investigate its eff ects on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and glutathione per...The typical organic pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) anthracene was selected as a contaminant to investigate its eff ects on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The results show that SOD, CAT and GSH-Px had diff erent induction and inhibition reactions to anthracene stress, and that three diff erent organs in R. philippinarum(visceral mass, muscle tissue and mantle) had diff erent sensitivities to anthracene stress. This study suggest that SOD activities of the visceral mass, CAT activitities of the mantle and the visceral mass, and GSH-Px activity of the muscle tissue could be used as sensitive indicators of anthracene stress in R. philippinarum.展开更多
The purpose of my paper is to show that the virtue which Aristotle calls philia, not in the strong sense of friendship, but in the weaker one of amiability （cf. NE 1126b 10-1 i 27a 12）, represents a particular kind ...The purpose of my paper is to show that the virtue which Aristotle calls philia, not in the strong sense of friendship, but in the weaker one of amiability （cf. NE 1126b 10-1 i 27a 12）, represents a particular kind of bond, related to the fact of being part of a community, and therefore has a very strong relationship, although the two do not coincide with that kind of friendship which Aristotle calls politike philia （civic friendship）. My thesis, then, is that there is a strong relationship, among Aristotelian ethical works, between philia/amiability, like-mindedness （homonoia）, and politike philia. The key to discovering this link is the Aristotelian account of social relations： in Aristotle＇s opinion, the polls is not a commercial alliance, as if it were a public limited company, in which the common good depends on the fact that everyone has a strong economic interest in the company, but is a common life in which citizens are concerned about each other＇s moral goodness. The link between them is therefore a kind of friendship, which is of course civic and therefore does not presuppose love. In the political context, the knowledge of the nature of the constitution, in fact, is a sufficient condition for there being benevolence towards other citizens. Since philia/amiability shows deep analogies with homonoia as well, for both represent, in different ways, peculiar features of the citizenship, the thesis I want to support is not that philia/amiability, homonoia, and politike philia coincide, but that philia/amiability and homonoia are two different expressions of the same disposition, namely politike philia： according to my view, the former is the expression ofpolitike philia on a relational and moral side, while the latter represents the attitude of the citizens towards each other when implicated in political decisions.展开更多
This study examines social vulnerability by exploring the socio-economic factors, infrastructures, and social networks that can determine how prone and how prepared the rain-fed farming communities are to the adverse ...This study examines social vulnerability by exploring the socio-economic factors, infrastructures, and social networks that can determine how prone and how prepared the rain-fed farming communities are to the adverse impacts of climate change. Increased variability in climatic conditions due to climate change seriously affects the productivity of rain-fed farms. The rain-fed farming communities in the Philippines are located in poor and environmentally fragile rural areas. Their vulnerability is greatly affected by restricted entitlement and access to social and economic capitals. This study is framed on qualitative approach to provide a rich and in-depth understanding on the elements of vulnerability based on the capacities and the practical affairs of life in rain-fed communities. The three subject communities from two agricultural provinces are examined to understand how the context and interactions of people can explicate sociological themes on the social dimension of climate change. The usefulness of multi-site study in probing the unique ways of how people understand and respond to certain environmental issue is part of reflections about the methodology.展开更多
Genetic diversity study of wild Philippine paddy straw mushroom （Volvariella volvacea） was conducted to establish a germplasm collection accessible to volvariella producers in the Philippines. Forty one wild strains...Genetic diversity study of wild Philippine paddy straw mushroom （Volvariella volvacea） was conducted to establish a germplasm collection accessible to volvariella producers in the Philippines. Forty one wild strains were collected from different geographical areas in Northern and Central Luzon region. Strains were differentiated using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. A single 10-based primer was used to generate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） in V. volvacea and differences were noted in band size （bp） ranging from 1,800 bp to 550 bp. Principal component analysis （PCA） of the RAPD data revealed 4 groups from wild strains. One strain showed RAPD pattern with band appearance at 1,750, 950 and 750 bp; 3 strains at 1,800 and 750 bp; 8 strains at 1,500 and 550; and the most abundant group with 29 strains at 750 bp. With observed lack of heterogeneity among strains, it is recommended that more collections from the wild should be undertaken for more diverse germplasm collection. Moreover, it is suggested that RAPD can be used to delineate strains of V. volvacea with potential importance on genetic diversity conservation and breeding.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800605)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2009DZ003)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to understand genetic diversity and genetic differ- entiation situation of wild V. philippinarum population in the coast of China. [Methed] Based on PCR technology, CO I gene fragments of the mitochondria were amplified from two populations of Yantai and Weihai for sequence analysis. [Result] Fifty sam- ples all obtained CO I gene fragment sequence of 684 bp. A total of 42 haplotypes were defined, and 62 variation loci were detected. The haplotypes diversity of two populations was both high, while the nucleotide diversity was low. The phylogenetic tree of haplotypes established by maximum likelihood （ML） method showed that the samples of two geographic populations presented diffused distribution and had no obvious population differentiation. [Conclusion] The result indicated that the gene ex- change of marine animal is easy, and the separation among different seas is weak.
基金supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(21422306,21203165,21403193)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2015XZZX004-04)~~
文摘An efficient catalyst system based on a Pd-metalated porous organic polymer bearing phenanthroline ligands was designed and synthesized.This catalyst was applied to various C–C bond-forming reactions,including the Suzuki,Heck and Sonogashira couplings,and afforded the corresponding products while exhibiting excellent activities and selectivities.More importantly,this catalyst can be readily recycled.These features show that such catalysts have significant potential applications in the future.
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Marine Science Research Center of People’s Government of Shandong Province(No.U1406403)
文摘The typical organic pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) anthracene was selected as a contaminant to investigate its eff ects on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The results show that SOD, CAT and GSH-Px had diff erent induction and inhibition reactions to anthracene stress, and that three diff erent organs in R. philippinarum(visceral mass, muscle tissue and mantle) had diff erent sensitivities to anthracene stress. This study suggest that SOD activities of the visceral mass, CAT activitities of the mantle and the visceral mass, and GSH-Px activity of the muscle tissue could be used as sensitive indicators of anthracene stress in R. philippinarum.
文摘The purpose of my paper is to show that the virtue which Aristotle calls philia, not in the strong sense of friendship, but in the weaker one of amiability （cf. NE 1126b 10-1 i 27a 12）, represents a particular kind of bond, related to the fact of being part of a community, and therefore has a very strong relationship, although the two do not coincide with that kind of friendship which Aristotle calls politike philia （civic friendship）. My thesis, then, is that there is a strong relationship, among Aristotelian ethical works, between philia/amiability, like-mindedness （homonoia）, and politike philia. The key to discovering this link is the Aristotelian account of social relations： in Aristotle＇s opinion, the polls is not a commercial alliance, as if it were a public limited company, in which the common good depends on the fact that everyone has a strong economic interest in the company, but is a common life in which citizens are concerned about each other＇s moral goodness. The link between them is therefore a kind of friendship, which is of course civic and therefore does not presuppose love. In the political context, the knowledge of the nature of the constitution, in fact, is a sufficient condition for there being benevolence towards other citizens. Since philia/amiability shows deep analogies with homonoia as well, for both represent, in different ways, peculiar features of the citizenship, the thesis I want to support is not that philia/amiability, homonoia, and politike philia coincide, but that philia/amiability and homonoia are two different expressions of the same disposition, namely politike philia： according to my view, the former is the expression ofpolitike philia on a relational and moral side, while the latter represents the attitude of the citizens towards each other when implicated in political decisions.
文摘This study examines social vulnerability by exploring the socio-economic factors, infrastructures, and social networks that can determine how prone and how prepared the rain-fed farming communities are to the adverse impacts of climate change. Increased variability in climatic conditions due to climate change seriously affects the productivity of rain-fed farms. The rain-fed farming communities in the Philippines are located in poor and environmentally fragile rural areas. Their vulnerability is greatly affected by restricted entitlement and access to social and economic capitals. This study is framed on qualitative approach to provide a rich and in-depth understanding on the elements of vulnerability based on the capacities and the practical affairs of life in rain-fed communities. The three subject communities from two agricultural provinces are examined to understand how the context and interactions of people can explicate sociological themes on the social dimension of climate change. The usefulness of multi-site study in probing the unique ways of how people understand and respond to certain environmental issue is part of reflections about the methodology.
文摘Genetic diversity study of wild Philippine paddy straw mushroom （Volvariella volvacea） was conducted to establish a germplasm collection accessible to volvariella producers in the Philippines. Forty one wild strains were collected from different geographical areas in Northern and Central Luzon region. Strains were differentiated using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. A single 10-based primer was used to generate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） in V. volvacea and differences were noted in band size （bp） ranging from 1,800 bp to 550 bp. Principal component analysis （PCA） of the RAPD data revealed 4 groups from wild strains. One strain showed RAPD pattern with band appearance at 1,750, 950 and 750 bp; 3 strains at 1,800 and 750 bp; 8 strains at 1,500 and 550; and the most abundant group with 29 strains at 750 bp. With observed lack of heterogeneity among strains, it is recommended that more collections from the wild should be undertaken for more diverse germplasm collection. Moreover, it is suggested that RAPD can be used to delineate strains of V. volvacea with potential importance on genetic diversity conservation and breeding.
