玉米、大豆根系分泌物对马铃薯块茎萌发和萌芽生长的化感效应

为了探讨玉米、大豆与马铃薯间作、套种或轮作的生化关系,研究了玉米、大豆根系分泌物对马铃薯块茎萌发和萌芽生长的化感效应。结果表明:玉米、大豆根系分泌物均能促进马铃薯块茎萌发和萌芽生长,但2种根系分泌物及其不同浓度(100%、50%、25%)对马铃薯块茎萌发和萌芽生长的效应不同。高浓度(100%)玉米根系分泌物能显著促进马铃薯块茎萌发,提高马铃薯块茎发芽势,而低浓度(25%)则抑制马铃薯块茎萌发;大豆根系分泌物高、中、低浓度均能显著提高马铃薯块茎的发芽率和发芽势;2种根系分泌物所有浓度处理均显著提高了马铃薯块茎的活力指数,以100%玉米根系分泌物处理提高的幅度最大。玉米和大豆根系分泌物显著增加了马铃薯萌芽的鲜质量、干质量及长度,其中高浓度的根系分泌物表现出较强的促进作用。2种根系分泌物显著提高了马铃薯块茎中的淀粉酶活性,其中高浓度玉米根系分泌物提高的幅度最大,其次是高浓度的大豆根系分泌物。由此可见,玉米和大豆是马铃薯的良好前茬作物,其也可与马铃薯进行间作、套种。

IBA对芳樟矮林萌芽及生长的影响

为了探讨喷施IBA对芳樟矮林萌芽和生长的影响,为芳樟矮林作业提供理论依据,以2 a生芳樟矮林为材料,设置5个IBA浓度梯度,采用SPSS对芳樟矮林萌芽数、萌枝数、地径、株高、冠幅、生物量和出油率进行分析。结果表明:萌芽数、地径、株高和冠幅随喷施IBA浓度的增加而增多,100 mg·L^(-1)IBA处理萌芽数最多,地径、株高和冠幅最大,IBA对萌枝数的影响不明显。单株鲜重也随喷施IBA浓度的增加而增大,100 mg·L^(-1)IBA处理单株鲜重最大,单株叶鲜重、小枝鲜重和主枝鲜重与单株鲜重变化趋势相似。喷施IBA对鲜叶出油率影响不明显,对单株鲜叶精油产量有显著影响,100 mg·L^(-1)IBA处理单株鲜叶精油产量显著高于其他处理。因此,喷施100 mg·L^(-1)IBA对芳樟矮林萌芽、生长、单株鲜叶精油产量最好。

光合微生态菌剂对种子萌芽及幼苗生长的影响

种子萌芽及幼苗生长试验结果表明,光合微生态菌剂可提高种子萌芽率,促进幼苗根系发育和生长,对苗期病害具有较好的防治效果,稀释50倍的菌剂可有效控制蔬菜苗期立枯病和恶苗病的发病率,防治效果达到70%以上。

如皋地区薄壳山核桃物候生长观察初报

为筛选如皋地区适应性强的高产优质薄壳山核桃品种,对‘波尼’‘马罕’‘斯图尔特’‘金华’‘绍兴’5个优良品种进行物候生长观察试验。结果表明:‘金华’的树高年平均生长量最大,‘绍兴’地径年平均生长量最大,各品种之间的树高与地径年平均生长量差异不显著;薄壳山核桃定植第4年,各品种嫁接树的落叶前后顺序依次为:‘斯图尔特’‘金华’‘马罕’‘绍兴’‘波尼’;薄壳山核桃定植第5年,各品种嫁接树的萌芽生长前后顺序依次为:‘马罕’‘波尼’‘斯图尔特’‘金华’‘绍兴’。通过物候生长观察综合比较,推荐‘波尼’作为授粉品种,‘金华’和‘绍兴’作为果用品种,可在如皋地区进一步种植和推广。

壳聚糖处理对柠条种子萌发及幼苗生长的作用探究

柠条是一种生长在干旱半干旱地区的植物,这种植物有着较强的生命力,同时能够起到防风固沙的效果,在如今我国的西北地区,能够起到很好的水土保持和荒漠化治理的作用。当然柠条除了能够起到防风固沙水土保持的作用之外,还能够对周围土壤环境的改善有所帮助,其根系发达,且具有根瘤菌,能够在其中固定较多的营养物质。并且柠条之中还有较多的粗蛋白、粗脂肪以及粗纤维,也是很好的饲料以及燃料作物。如今,在我国的西北地区,柠条作为一种环保植物得到了广泛的种植。本文分析了柠条的生长特性,同时针对壳聚糖对其种子萌芽以及幼苗的生长状况进行了分析。

Effects of Fragmentation Intensity of Perennial Roots and Their Burial Depth on Sprouting and Early Growth of Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb

[Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the invasion of Alternanthera philoxeroides（Mart.）Griseb.[Method] Effects of fragmentation intensity of fresh roots and their burial depth on sprouting and early growth of A.philoxeroides were studied by control test.[Result] More sprouts of A.philoxeroides emerged when the fragmentation intensity of fresh roots was higher,while if the fragmentation intensity of fresh roots was lower,the early growth of A.philoxeroides was more rapid.The soil buried depth had significant effect on fresh root sprouts＇ emergence,but once fresh root sprouts could reach the soil surface and were given enough growth time,even if the fresh roots were buried in different depths,soil buried depth had no significant effect on its young plant growth.[Conclusion] If different fragmentation intensities of fresh roots present,there is a kind of trade-off strategy between root sprouts＇ emergence and plant＇ early growth,by which A.philoxeroides can invade new habitat successfully.To control the invasion of A.philoxeroides,it is critical to prevent its fresh root sprouts from emerging to soil surface,that is,to bury the fresh roots at a further soil depth.

不同北美海棠品种在北疆的耐低温性研究

为了解不同北美海棠品种的抗寒特性,筛选出具有较好抗寒性的品种,以10份北美海棠品种的1年生枝条为试验材料,通过对不同低温[-20（对照）、-25、-30、-35、-40℃]胁迫下,测定了不同北美海棠品种枝条的相对电导率和萌芽率的变化情况。结果表明,随着温度的降低,不同北美海棠枝条的相对电导率均呈现上升趋势,并与对照呈极显著差异由此推测,不同北美海棠抗寒性由强至弱依次为红叶海棠〉金色海棠〉牡丹海棠〉红宝石〉绚丽〉粉手帕〉印度安魔力〉亚当〉草莓果冻〉高原之火根据恢复生长试验得出各品种抗寒性强弱顺序与电导法鉴定得出的抗寒性排序结果基本一致。本研究结果显示,测试的北美海棠品种的抗寒性均较强,其中草莓果冻能抵御的最低温度在-35--40℃,其余品种能抵御的最低温度达-40℃以下。本研究结果为北美海棠抗寒性选育和生产发展提供了理论依据。

Effects of Trichoderma harzianum YC_(459) and soil types on seed germination and seedling growth in rock slope restoration

We carried out experiments with various concentrations of Trichoderma harzianum YC459 in different soil types(forest soil, mixed soil,merchantable soil, and leaf mold soil) to evaluate its effect on seed germination and seedling establishment of four species(Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Dianthus barbatus var. asiaticus Nakai,Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq., and Parthenocissus tricuspidata Planch) for rock slope restoration. We also investigated the use of drilled slanted holes on the rock slopes for seedling establishment. The results showed that T. harzianum concentration had significant effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and seedling survival for all the species with different soil types. Seed germination and survival rates peaked at 5% T. harzianum concentration with leaf mold soil and decreased as T. harzianum concentration increased from 5% to 10%. Seedling survival rates of all four species were generally lowest at 0% T. harzianum concentration in all soil types.The height of F. arundinacea and L. cyrtobotrya peaked at 5% T. harzianum concentration whereas that of D. barbatus and P. tricuspidata peaked at 10%T. harzianum concentration. We concluded that 5% T. harzianum concentration with leaf mold soil is appropriate for seed germination and seedling survival rates of most species, thus enhancing seedling establishment. Practical application of the findings of this study will contribute in the vegetation restoration of steep rocks in mountain environments.

霞晖8号水蜜桃

该品种树体生长健壮,生长势中庸,萌芽率和成枝力较强。以中短果枝结果为主,花粉量大,自花结实力强。果实近圆形,果顶圆平或稍突,平均单果重226克,最大单果重346克。果面80%以上着红色,外观美,茸毛中等。果皮底色乳黄,厚度中等,难剥离,成熟较一致。梗洼中等,缝合线浅,两半部较对称。果肉白色,硬溶质,肉质细,

Response to temperature stress of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in the cross-tolerance of barley seed germination

A number of studies have shown the existence of cross-tolerance in plants, but the physiological mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we used the germination of barley seeds as a system to investigate the cross-tolerance of low-temperature pretreatment to high-temperature stress and the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species （ROS） scavenging enzymes in the cross-tolerance. After pretreatment at 0 ℃ for different periods of time, barley seeds were germinated at 35 ℃, and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes were measured by a spectrophotometer analysis. The results showed that barley seed germinated very poorly at 35 ℃, and this inhibitive effect could be overcome by pretreatment at 0 ℃. The MDA content varied, depending on the temperature at which seeds germinated, while barley seeds pretreated at 0 ℃ did not change the MDA content. Compared with seeds germinated directly at 35 ℃, the seeds pretreated first at 0 ℃ and then germinated at 35 ℃ had markedly increased activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione reductase （GR）. The SOD and APX activities of seeds germinated at 35 ℃ after 0 ℃-pretreatment were even substantially higher than those at 25 ℃, and GR activity was similar to that at 25 ℃, at which the highest germination performance of barley seeds was achieved. These results indicate that low-temperature pretreatment can markedly increase the tolerance of barley seed to high temperature during germination, this being related to the increase in ROS scavenging enzyme activity. This may provide a new method for increasing seed germination under stress environments, and may be an excellent model system for the study of cross-tolerance.