基于健商评估的分级营养干预对终末期肾病维持性血液透析患者营养参数及磷钙达标率的影响

目的研究基于健商评估的分级营养干预对终末期肾病(ESRD)维持性血液透析患者营养参数及磷钙达标率的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2022年3月安徽省亳州市人民医院收治的80例行维持性血液透析的ESRD患者为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将其分为常规组和健商护理组,各40例。常规组采取常规维持性血液透析护理模式,健商护理组在常规组基础上采取健商评估的分级营养管理干预。比较两组干预前后营养参数、血磷、血钙水平及干预后血磷、血钙达标率。结果干预后,两组营养风险评分低于干预前,总蛋白、血红蛋白、白蛋白水平高于干预前,且健商护理组营养风险评分低于常规组,总蛋白、血红蛋白、白蛋白水平高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组血磷、血钙水平均低于干预前,且健商护理组低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。健商护理组血钙、血磷达标率高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于健商评估的分级营养对ESRD维持性血液透析患者实施干预,可有效改善患者营养状况和血钙代谢情况。

小儿消化系统特点与健肠营养剂

小儿消化系统特点与健肠营养剂山东医科大学附属医院（２５００１２）张师前，陈菊芳，沈柏均由于小儿消化系统独特的解剖和生理特点，几乎所有的疾患均可影响消化系统，导致一系列症状和体征，甚至影响小儿的生长和发育，为此，国内外学者不遗余力地开发健肠营养制剂。现...

营养不良患者健脾益气疗法与肠外营养支持疗法的疗效分析

目的:探讨有效经济的营养支持方法。方法将60例营养不良患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。治疗组采用健脾益气方法治疗;对照组采用肠外营养支持方法治疗。观察两组患者的治疗费用、蛋白代谢及精神状态等临床效果。结果两组患者治疗后精神状态,言语对答及反应均明显好转,两组患者的视黄醇结合蛋白(RbP)、转铁蛋白(TRE)。血清前白蛋白(PRE)和白蛋白(ALB)水平均明显升高,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗组的住院费用少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论治疗组采用健脾益气方法治疗本病,能有效改善营养不良患者所致的临床症状,有效提升营养指标,且治疗费用少,是营养不良患者经济实惠的营养支持治疗方案。

教育部通报全国学生营养改善计划进展情况 学生身高体重均有提高

全国学生营养办今天举行农村义务教育学生营养改善计划2014年春季视频调度会议,会议通报了全国学生营养改善计划进展情况,云南省教育厅、四川省广元市人民政府、重庆市彭水县人民政府和广西壮族自治区恭城县莲花镇初级中学交流工作经验。据监测,实施营养改善计划后,学生不能保证每天吃三顿饭的比例从2012年度的10.

Factors that impact health-related quality of life in adults with celiac disease:A multicenter study

AIM: To evaluate the factors involved in the impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with celiac disease.METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional prospective study was performed in patients with celiac disease who completed two HRQOL questionnaires: the gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ).RESULTS: Three hundred and forty patients (163 controlled with a gluten-free diet, and 177 newly diagnosed with a normal diet) were included. The GIQLI score was significantly better in patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD) than in non-treated patients on their usual diet, both in terms of the overall score (3.3 vs 2.7, respectively; P < 0.001), as well as on the individual questionnaire dimensions. Both the preference value of the EQ as the visual analogue scale were significantly better in treated than in non-treated patients (0.93 vs 0.72 P < 0.001 and 80 vs 70 P < 0.001, respectively). Variables significantly associated with a worse HRQOL score were female gender, failure to adhere to a GFD, and symptomatic status.CONCLUSION: In untreated celiac disease, the most important factors that influence patient perception of health are the presence of symptoms and a normal diet. HRQOL improves to levels similar to those described in the general population in celiac disease patients well controlled with a GFD.

Recent Advances in Researches on Physiologically Active Substances in Holothurians

In this report, we reviewed recent literature on physiologically active substances from sea cucumbers (SCs) andtheir activities together with results obtained from our study. Preventive properties against lipid metabolism were reported inrats using a whole SC preparation with no particular constituent specified. Administration of the preparation lowered serumand hepatic cholesterol levels and improved the HDL/LDL ratio. These functions may be attributed to the stimulatory effectof the extract on the secretion of cholesterol in feces. Novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCSs) from Ludwigothureagrisea significantly induced fibroblast growth factor 2-dependent angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HU-VECs). The proangiogenetic activity seemed attributable to the action of the sulfated fucose branches on the polysaccharide.SCs contain mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) that are capable of absorbing UV. A biogenetic precursor of MAAs wasfirst reported in SCs. The anti-proliferative effects of a branched chain fatty acid from a sea cucumber on prostate cancercells was reported with the activity of 5-lipoxygenase. Glycosphingolipid constituents in SCs have been systematically ana-lyzed over the past ten years. The results showed that the gangliosides in several SCs differed from those of mammals in thata sialic acid of SC gangliosides directly binded to glucose of cerebroside. Neuritogenic activity of the glycosphingolipids wasdemonstrated in vitro experiments and may lead to the development of therapeutic products for neurological disorders. Ourstudy also showed that sphingoid bases, the hydrolyzed products of glycosphingolipids from SCs, induced significant apoptosisin several tumor cell lines.

Sensory Evaluation of Flavored Soy Milk-Based Yogurt： A Comparison between Jordanian and Malaysian Consumers

Soy yogurt has gained significant popularity due to its nutritional health benefits. The objectives of this study were to develop flavored yogurt from soybean milk with reduced soy aftertaste by the addition of 30% （wt/wt） strawberry or orange jam in conjunction with a lactic acid fermentation. Soy milk-based yogurt products were assessed for microbial quality and for acceptability by a panel of Jordanian and Malaysian consumers. Sixty-one individuals, of whom 75.4% （n = 46） were Jordanian and 24.6% （n = 15） were Malaysian, evaluated the plain and flavored soy milk-based yogurt. The overall acceptability of orange and strawberry soy yogurt was rated significantly higher than plain soy yogurt. In general, the orange and strawberry soy yogurt received higher sensory ratings from Malaysian than Jordanian consumers. In addition, formulations with orange jam received higher scores than those flavored with strawberry. Shelf life tests showed that soy yogurt was acceptable for at least 8 d without perceptible spoilage. Therefore, the approach used yielded flavored products with better acceptability and improved sensory attributes, including decreased intensity of off flavor, with suitable shelf life at 4 ℃.

Borderline Products between Bio-fertilizers/ Bio-effectors and Plant Protectants： The Role of Microbial Consortia

In the delicate normative balance, at European Union （EU） level of the borderline products （i.e., between plant protectants and bio-fertilizers/bio-effectors） containing microbial consortia （MC） instead of single microbial strains, the most relevant factors influencing the categorization of the products are the intention of use, the cell density and the mode of action. For the latter, the basic difference between the two types of products is that a plant protectant has a targeted activity on plant pathogens, while a bio-fertilizer acts indirectly by nourishing and fortifying the host plant （healthier plant）, thus inducing a generalized resistance to the onset of pathological status, irrespective of its origin and nature. Case-studies are presented on the effectiveness of MC as bio-fertilizers/bio-effectors on different crops. Bio-fertilizers exhibit a double effect--biotic and abiotic, leading to the fortification of the crop plant linked to its more effective water and nutrient uptakes as well asto a generalized healthier status. This in turn leads to a higher resistance to diseases. In addition, bio-fertilizers play a relevant role on the reduction of environmental impacts due to chemical fertilizers, e.g., by facilitating the uptake of phosphorus （P）, thus reducing the need of P fertilization. Although finding a scientifically-based balance between regulatory need and marketing constraint is not always an easy task, the availability of scientific advancements combined to common sense should help in describing positive effects and risk profiles of MC in agriculture.

Pupil＇s Diet-Related Attitudes to Healthy Lifestyle

The main purpose of this article was to find out more about eating habits along with other habits, attitudes and activities of elementary school pupils. Another aim was to determine possible differences among pupils, depending on their sex, age and environment. Furthermore, based on the anthropometric data （body mass and height） and age, this article was to determine the nutritional status of pupils. The research was conducted via questionnaire constructed for the needs of this specific research. Six hundred and fifty-one pupils took part in this questionnaire in a ratio of 41：59 urban/rural and 51：49 girls/boys. Most of the interviewed pupils （73.88%） have normal body mass according to their age. The share of underweight and overweight pupils is bigger among the boys. Nutritional habits differ among pupils from the urban and rural areas, but they do not differ as much among boys and girls. In addition, their nutritional habits become worse as they grow up.

Sarcopenia is associated with Framingham risk score in the Korean population： Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey （KNHANES） 2010-2011

Background Sarcopenia is a risk factor for metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease, but the association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular risk factors according to age and obesity status in the general population remains unknown. We thus investigated these associations in the Korean population. Methods We included 8,958 and 8,518 subjects from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey （KNHANES） （from 2010 and 2011, respectively）. The study was restricted to participants 〉 20 years old who had completed the health examination survey, including whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. After exclusion, 7,366 subjects （3,188 men, 4,178 women） were included in our final analysis. Age was categorized according to three age groups （20-39, 40-59, mad 〉 60 years）, and subjects were catego- rized according to their sarcopenic and obesity status. Cardiovascular risk was assessed with Framingham risk score （FRS）. Results The sarco- penic obese group had a higher FRS than the non-sarcopenic obese group, which had a higher FRS than the non-sarcopenic non-obese group. Age-wise, the 20-39 year-old group showed a non-significant association between sarcopenia and FRS. In the 40-59 year-old group, regardless of obesity status, sarcopenic subjects had a higher FRS than non-sarcopenic subjects. In the 〉 60 year-old group, sarcopenic subjects had a higher FRS than non-sarcopenic subjects for the non-obese group. Conclusions Sarcopenia was associated with cardiovascular disease and may be an early predictor of its susceptibility in both elderly and middle-aged subjects. Thus, management of sarcopenia is necessary to prevent cardiovascu- lar disease.

Nutrition and Healthcare for Children from Rural Tibetan Households

Three major programs have been implemented in rural Tibetan areas in order to improve children's nutrition and healthcare,namely antenatal care,infant and young child feeding,as well as school feeding.In terms of effectiveness of service provision,the school feeding program has been put into practice more effectively than the other two for two reasons.First,rural Tibetan families are accustomed to traditional infant and young child feeding practices.Secondly,the lack of incentives for healthcare workers and the shortage of funding have hindered the provision of healthcare to rural families.Therefore,this paper proposes an adjustment of the incentive structure for healthcare providers,a fortification of the village level network of healthcare services,an improvement in the approach to healthcare education for farmers and herders,and the coordination of training courses targeted at the officials and service teams of the healthcare system.

Impact of Deficient Nutrition on Health Condition of Persons with Dementia

Dementia is a loss of mental ability （ability to think, remember and make logical conclusions） which, in principle affects normal everyday life of a person. Dementia is not a disease but a group of symptoms that may cause different diseases. Symptoms include change of behaviour, character and unexpected changes in the mood. Poor quality of nutrition affects significantly the intensity of dementia. Balanced diet that meets healthy safety standards and requirements will satisfy the needs of an organism for vitamins and minerals and special attention should be given to intake of folic acid, vitamin B12 and minerals zinc and selenium. Intake of omega3 fatty acids is a source of fuel for blood vessels, particularly for the ones of the nervous tissues.

Bread and Health

Introduction： Bread is a food full of flavors and nutrients and continues to be the basis of our daily diet. Aim： The aim of this review was the investigation of bread＇s usefulness in our daily dietary chain and health in general. Material-Method： Extensive review of the recent literature was conducted in electronic databases （Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar） through the Association of Hellenic Academic Libraries （HEAL-Link） using the appropriate key words： bread, health, disease as well as a combination of them. Results： Bread is an excellent source of complex carbohydrates that provide the body with the energy needed. Although bread is a basic food of everyday human nutrition, it is implicated in a variety of situations that burden the human body, such as obesity. However, this happens only when it is consumed in very large quantities and when it is part of an unbalanced diet. Conclusions： Bread, when is consumed in balanced quantities can give the body plenty of nutrients essential for its good function.

Nutrient and Nutraceutical Potentials of Seaweed Biomass Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii

The study aimed at evaluating the nutrient and nutraceutical potentials of the selected seaweed biomass namely Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The selected seaweeds were found to be rich in macro and micronutrients. Kappaphycus contained high amount of ash when compared to U. lactuca. It is revealed that the mercury level in U. lactuca was 0.017 ppm and it was not detected in K. alvarezii. The heavy metal concentration in the selected seaweeds was within the tolerable value reported as quality criteria for edible seaweeds. These seaweeds were also found to be rich sources of vitamin antioxidants namely Vitamin C, total carotenoid, beta carotene, total chlorophyll and polyphenol. The phytochemical screening of the selected seaweeds showed that both seaweeds contained carbohydrates, protein, gums and mulicage, phenols, starch and quinones. Alkaloids was absent in Kappaphycus, saponins was moderate in U. actuca when compared to Kappaphycus. Glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids were absent in both the species. The selected seaweeds also possess antibacterial activity. The selected biomass could be recommended for use in dietaries to combat protein energy malnutrition and in particular micronutrient deficiencies.