Airborne photographs can be expediently used in environmental monitoring; e.g., in the surveillance of the state of natural reserve areas, such as wetlands; or in the measurement and mapping of pollutants, such as oil...Airborne photographs can be expediently used in environmental monitoring; e.g., in the surveillance of the state of natural reserve areas, such as wetlands; or in the measurement and mapping of pollutants, such as oil spills on a lake or sea. A new and cost-effective platform of airborne remote sensing is the UAV （unmanned aerial vehicle） or drone. In this experimental work, aerial photos were made in Bakony Mountains using three UAVs equipped with small HD （high definition） cameras; resolution： 1,280 ~ 720 pixels. Within the framework of this work, a small lake was photographed, where the beginning of eutrophication was detected. This hardly can be observed from ground, however, it is visible on the aerial photos. The airborne surveillance of areas of ragweed （Ambrosia sp.） populations was also investigated. It was found that both UAVs are feasible for these tasks, and the application of these platforms for environmental monitoring is advantageous, especially in case of natural reserve areas since those are very silent and--contrary to big aircrafts and helicopters---do not disturb the ecology even in natural reserve areas and the people living there. Moreover, those could be operated in a very flexible and economic way, and the aerial photos taken are highly informative.展开更多
Plant tissue culture continues to be of great interest within the realms of molecular biology, plant breeding and plant health However, different plant cultivars have different culture efficiencies to tissue culture. ...Plant tissue culture continues to be of great interest within the realms of molecular biology, plant breeding and plant health However, different plant cultivars have different culture efficiencies to tissue culture. In this research, the response of two Kenyan sweet potato varieties, KEMB 36 and Tainurey, cultured on a low cost tissue culture medium was evaluated. The low cost medium contained plant nutrients that were obtained from locally available fertilizers. Each conventional Murashige and Skoog （MS） macronutrient was individually substituted with a locally available fertilizer. The conventional source of micronutrients was substituted with Stanes~ Iodized Microfood while sucrose was obtained from table sugar. Performance of the two cultivars was monitored over a period of six weeks. KEMB 36 had a better performance than Tainurey with an average of eight nodes, seven leaves, three roots and height of four centimeters per plantlet indicating genotype-dependent response.展开更多
Iterative linear programming methods are proposed for optimum balanced animal diet in this paper. According to ＂wooden bucket theory＂ of the nutritional balance, each nutrient in the feeding standard has equal impor...Iterative linear programming methods are proposed for optimum balanced animal diet in this paper. According to ＂wooden bucket theory＂ of the nutritional balance, each nutrient in the feeding standard has equal importance. It＇s unreasonable to use common goal programming to attach different weighted value to different nutritional parameters. This paper introduces an effective algorithm to deal with this kind of problem. When the permitting cost of livestock ration is given, we can design a ration formula with linear program-this is the first round. Then, according to the differences between the permitting cost and the formula cost gained in the first round, adjust the feeding standard and the feeding raw materials, and conduct the second round of linear programming for ration formula. If there is still a very big difference between the formula cost and the permitting cost, the third round will be taken, and so on. In this iteration course the formula cost gradually approaches the permitting cost. It is the key that the feeding standard and feeding raw materials are modified in each round. This method ensured the nutritive equilibrium with the formulation of least-cost ration. This is an especially important method when the primary goal of the optimization tool is to improve economic and nutritive efficiency.展开更多
Postoperative infectious complications are independently associated with increased hospital length of stay(LOS)and cost and contribute to significant inpatient morbidity.Many strategies such as avoidance of long perio...Postoperative infectious complications are independently associated with increased hospital length of stay(LOS)and cost and contribute to significant inpatient morbidity.Many strategies such as avoidance of long periods of preoperative fasting,re-establishment of oral feeding as early as possible after surgery,metabolic control and early mobilization have been used to either prevent or reduce the incidence of postoperative infections.Despite these efforts,it remains a big challenge to our current healthcare system to mitigate the cost of postoperative morbidity.Furthermore,preoperative nutritional status has also been implicated as an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity.Perioperative nutritional support using enteral and parenteral routes has been shown to decrease postoperative morbidity,especially in high-risk patients.Recently,the role of immunonutrition(IMN)in postoperative infectious complications has been studied extensively.These substrates have been found to positively modulate postsurgical immunosuppression and inflammatory responses.They have also been shown to be cost-effective by decreasing both tpostoperative infectious complications and hospital LOS.In this review,we discuss the postoperative positive outcomes associated with the use of perioperative IMN,their cost-effectiveness,current guidelines and future clinical implications.展开更多
文摘Airborne photographs can be expediently used in environmental monitoring; e.g., in the surveillance of the state of natural reserve areas, such as wetlands; or in the measurement and mapping of pollutants, such as oil spills on a lake or sea. A new and cost-effective platform of airborne remote sensing is the UAV （unmanned aerial vehicle） or drone. In this experimental work, aerial photos were made in Bakony Mountains using three UAVs equipped with small HD （high definition） cameras; resolution： 1,280 ~ 720 pixels. Within the framework of this work, a small lake was photographed, where the beginning of eutrophication was detected. This hardly can be observed from ground, however, it is visible on the aerial photos. The airborne surveillance of areas of ragweed （Ambrosia sp.） populations was also investigated. It was found that both UAVs are feasible for these tasks, and the application of these platforms for environmental monitoring is advantageous, especially in case of natural reserve areas since those are very silent and--contrary to big aircrafts and helicopters---do not disturb the ecology even in natural reserve areas and the people living there. Moreover, those could be operated in a very flexible and economic way, and the aerial photos taken are highly informative.
文摘Plant tissue culture continues to be of great interest within the realms of molecular biology, plant breeding and plant health However, different plant cultivars have different culture efficiencies to tissue culture. In this research, the response of two Kenyan sweet potato varieties, KEMB 36 and Tainurey, cultured on a low cost tissue culture medium was evaluated. The low cost medium contained plant nutrients that were obtained from locally available fertilizers. Each conventional Murashige and Skoog （MS） macronutrient was individually substituted with a locally available fertilizer. The conventional source of micronutrients was substituted with Stanes~ Iodized Microfood while sucrose was obtained from table sugar. Performance of the two cultivars was monitored over a period of six weeks. KEMB 36 had a better performance than Tainurey with an average of eight nodes, seven leaves, three roots and height of four centimeters per plantlet indicating genotype-dependent response.
文摘Iterative linear programming methods are proposed for optimum balanced animal diet in this paper. According to ＂wooden bucket theory＂ of the nutritional balance, each nutrient in the feeding standard has equal importance. It＇s unreasonable to use common goal programming to attach different weighted value to different nutritional parameters. This paper introduces an effective algorithm to deal with this kind of problem. When the permitting cost of livestock ration is given, we can design a ration formula with linear program-this is the first round. Then, according to the differences between the permitting cost and the formula cost gained in the first round, adjust the feeding standard and the feeding raw materials, and conduct the second round of linear programming for ration formula. If there is still a very big difference between the formula cost and the permitting cost, the third round will be taken, and so on. In this iteration course the formula cost gradually approaches the permitting cost. It is the key that the feeding standard and feeding raw materials are modified in each round. This method ensured the nutritive equilibrium with the formulation of least-cost ration. This is an especially important method when the primary goal of the optimization tool is to improve economic and nutritive efficiency.
文摘Postoperative infectious complications are independently associated with increased hospital length of stay(LOS)and cost and contribute to significant inpatient morbidity.Many strategies such as avoidance of long periods of preoperative fasting,re-establishment of oral feeding as early as possible after surgery,metabolic control and early mobilization have been used to either prevent or reduce the incidence of postoperative infections.Despite these efforts,it remains a big challenge to our current healthcare system to mitigate the cost of postoperative morbidity.Furthermore,preoperative nutritional status has also been implicated as an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity.Perioperative nutritional support using enteral and parenteral routes has been shown to decrease postoperative morbidity,especially in high-risk patients.Recently,the role of immunonutrition(IMN)in postoperative infectious complications has been studied extensively.These substrates have been found to positively modulate postsurgical immunosuppression and inflammatory responses.They have also been shown to be cost-effective by decreasing both tpostoperative infectious complications and hospital LOS.In this review,we discuss the postoperative positive outcomes associated with the use of perioperative IMN,their cost-effectiveness,current guidelines and future clinical implications.
