葛根素对去卵巢雌性大鼠脑内BDNF表达和神经干细胞增殖的影响

目的:观察葛根素对去卵巢雌性大鼠脑内脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)表达和神经干细胞增殖的影响。方法:将60只去卵巢雌性大鼠随机分为三组:空白对照组(腹腔注射生理盐水)、阳性对照组(腹腔注射17β雌二醇)、药物干预组(腹腔注射葛根素注射液)。4周后处死大鼠,比较各组大鼠脑内双侧脑室管膜下区(SVZ)BDNF免疫组化阳性细胞数、BrdU阳性细胞数的差别。结果:雌激素组和葛根素组SVZ区BDNF免疫组化阳性细胞数、BrdU阳性细胞数较生理盐水组明显增多。结论:葛根素能增加去卵巢大鼠(SVZ)区神经干细胞的增值,机制可能是依靠其雌激素样作用促进脑源性神经营养因子达到。

电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠病灶局部皮肤组织GDNF阳性细胞免疫反应性的影响

目的:探讨电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的镇痛作用机制。方法:将SD大鼠48只随机分为空白对照组(n=8)、炎症组(n=10)、穴位电针组(n=10)、非穴位电针组(n=10)及对侧穴位电针组(n=10)。采用完全弗氏佐剂制备关节炎模型。对穴位、非穴位及对侧穴位电针组大鼠隔天针刺,穴位为“环跳”“阳陵泉”;非穴位为两穴旁开5mm处。观察背屈踝关节疼痛试验评分、足部肿胀程度,以及关节炎大鼠踝关节周围皮肤及皮下组织胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)阳性细胞免疫反应性。结果:炎症组大鼠注射足出现了明显的痛觉过敏和局部肿胀,同时外周局部组织GDNF表达增加。电针患侧、对侧穴位可以显著缓解疼痛,加速炎症足肿胀的恢复,并显著降低炎症侧踝关节真皮层及皮下浅层组织GDNF阳性细胞的平均光密度和阳性面积百分比;而非穴位电针对照组没有显著疗效。结论:电针可以调控佐剂性关节炎大鼠炎性痛病灶局部皮肤组织GDNF的表达,从而发挥消炎镇痛的作用。穴位与非穴位之间存在作用的差异。

雌性老年大鼠部分脑区NGF、BDNF、Trk A和Trk B表达的变化

目的:观察雌性SD大鼠部分脑区神经生长因子(NGF)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及其高亲和力酪氨酸激酶受体TrK A、TrK B表达的增龄性变化。方法:应用免疫组织化学和Westernblot技术,观察NGF、Trk A和BDNF、Trk B在22月龄(老年组)和3月龄(青年组)雌性大鼠脑内的表达。结果:免疫组织化学研究显示,与青年组相比,雌性老年大鼠脑NGF阳性星形胶质细胞面积、红核NGF阳性神经元数目,视上核BDNF阳性神经元面积、红核BDNF阳性神经元数目,红核和丘脑Trk A、Trk B阳性神经元数目均显著减少。Western blot研究显示,与青年组相比,雌性老年大鼠脑内NGF和BDNF的相对表达量减少。结论:NGF、Trk A和BDNF、Trk B在雌性老年大鼠部分脑区表达降低,提示这些脑区NGF、Trk A和BDNF、Trk B的减少与衰老有关。

针药结合治疗中风后肩手综合征疗效观察

目的:观察针药结合治疗中风后肩手综合征的临床疗效。方法:对96例患者采用针灸配合补阳还五汤内服治疗。结果:痊愈22例,显效43例,有效27例,总有效率为95.9%。结论:针药结合治疗中风后肩手综合征疗效好,且缩短病程,若治疗及时则疗效更佳。

Effects of combined pre- and post-natal protein deprivation on the myenteric plexus of the esophagus of weanling rats:A histochemical,quantitative and ultrastructural study

AIM: To evaluate the effects of protein deprivation on the myenteric plexus of the esophagus of weanling rats. METHODS: Pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: nourished (N),receiving normal diet,and undernourished (D),receiving a protein-deprived diet,which continued after birth. At twenty-one days of age,13 esophagi from each group were submitted to light microscopy and morphometrical analysis employing the NADH diaphorase,NADPH diaphorase and acetylcholinesterase techniques. Three other esophagi from each group were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: In both the NADH- and the NADPH-reactive mounts,the neurons of the N mounts were more intensely stained,while in the D esophagi only the larger neurons were reactive. Many myenteric neurons of N were intensely reactive for AChE activity but only a few neurons of D exhibited these aspects. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the granular reticulum of N showed large numbers of ribosomes aligned on the outer surface of its regularly arranged membrane while the ribosomes of D were disposed in clusters. The chromatin was more homogeneously scattered inside the neuron nucleus of N as well as the granular component of the nucleolus was evidently more developed in this group. Statistically significant differences between N and D groups were detected in the total estimated number of neurons stained by the NADPH technique. CONCLUSION: The morphological and quantitative data shows that feeding with protein-deprived diet in 21-d old rats induces a delay in the development of the myenteric neurons of the esophagus.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) as a potential mechanism of the effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance

The literature shows that improvements in cognitive performance may be observed following an acute bout of exercise. However, evidence in support of the biological mechanisms of this effect is still limited. Findings from both rodent and human studies suggest brain-derived neu- rotrophic factor （BDNF） as a potential mechanism of the effect of acute exercise on memory. The molecular properties of BDNF allow this protein to be assessed in the periphery （pBDNF） （i.e., blood serum, blood plasma）, making measurements of acute exercise-induced changes in BDNF concentration relatively accessible. Studies exploring the acute exercise--pBDNF--cognitive performance relationship have had mixed findings, but this may be more reflective of methodological differences between studies than it is a statement about the role of BDNE For example, significant associations have been observed between acute exercise-induced changes in pBDNF concentration and cognitive performance in studies assessing memory, and non-significant associations have been found in studies assessing non-memory cognitive domains. Three suggestions are made for future research aimed at understanding the role of BDNF as a biological mechanism of this relationship： 1） Assessments of cognitive performance may benefit from a focus on various types of memory （e.g., relational, spatial, long-term）; 2） More finegrained measurements of pBDNF will allow for the assessment of concentrations of specific isoforms of the BDNF protein （i.e., immature, mature）; 3） Statistical techniques designed to test the mediating role of pBDNF in the acute exercise-cognitive performance relationship should be utilized in order to make causal inferences.

Acute exercise is associated with specific executive functions in college students with ADHD:A preliminary study

Purpose： The relationship between acute exercise and executive functions in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） has not been clearly established. The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the difference in cognitive performance between college students with and without ADHD and to explore the effects of acute exercise on multiple aspects of executive functions and on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）. Methods： College students （normal： n = 10; ADHD： n = 10） performed the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, and Digit Span Test prior to and after an acute exercise intervention. Blood samples were obtained prior to the pre-test cognitive test performance and then again after exercise and prior to the post-test cognitive test performance. Results： Students with ADHD exhibited impaired executive functions, particularly on inhibition. Additionally, while acute exercise improved all aspects of executive functions in those without ADHD, acute exercise only improved inhibitory performance for those with ADHD. Further, BDNF was not influenced by acute exercise regardless of the subjects＇ ADHD status. Conclusion： These results provide preliminary evidence for exercise as a potential adjunct treatment for benefitting inhibition in college students with ADHD.

Sequence analysis and functional study of the Han Nationality glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor transcript

Objective: To study the sequence and function of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) transcript in subjects of Han nationality. Methods: The Han nationality GDNF transcript was amplified by RT-PCR and expressed by baculovirus expression system. Biological activity of the expressed product was measured by the primary culture of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Results: There only existed the shorter GDNF transcript of 555 bp in the Han nationality. The secretory expression product of the shorter transcript in insect cells promoted the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons. Conclusion: It is found that there is a 78 bp deletion in the Han nationality GDNF transcript compared with the reported 633 bp GDNF transcript. The 78 bp deletion does not affect the secretory expression and biological activity of GDNF mature protein.

兔视网膜下非活动载片植入后视网膜免疫组织化学观察

目的观察兔视网膜下非活动载片植入后视网膜相关蛋白的表达。方法健康成年新西兰白兔27只，随机分为手术组、伪手术组及对照组，3组分别为12、12、3只兔。手术组和伪手术组再分为手术后7、15、30、60d亚组，每组随机分配3只兔，手术组为非活动载片植入，伪手术组非活动载片植入随即取出。于手术后7、15、30、60d处死动物后进行免疫组织化学染色，对照组于饲养30d后处死动物行免疫组织化学染色，观察胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）在视网膜的表达。结果手术组手术后7、15、30d组载片上外层视网膜明显变薄，内层细胞排列紊乱；60d组胶质细胞增生，手术组载片上视网膜GFAP和BDNF阳性表达均较伪手术组和对照组增加，伪手术组GFAP和BDNF阳性表达均较对照组增加，各组内各时间点间GFAP和BDNF表达未见明显差异。结论载片植入后局部视网膜神经保护相关蛋白表达升高，提示载片植入可能有神经保护作用参与，但其作用有限。

穿刺注射致反射性神经障碍8例分析

目的总结分析反射性神经障碍的病因、机制、诊断治疗及预后,以提高对它的认识水平。方法回顾分析8例因穿刺注射引起的反射性神经障碍的患者资料。结果 8例患者经药物、理疗等对症治疗1～5周痊愈,未再复发。结论本病系肢端受轻微外伤刺激引起的非神经损伤性的严重神经功能障碍,发病与神经反射、精神因素等有关,对症治疗可获痊愈。

急性脑卒中患者肩手综合征的预防

目的探讨健康教育及早期康复指导对急性脑卒中后肩手综合征的影响。方法将100例急性脑卒中合并偏瘫患者随机分为观察组50例和对照组50例,两组早期均进行良肢位摆放及患肢小关节到大关节的被动运动。观察组在其基础上配合Bobarth握手训练、避免患肢输液、患手冷热水交替浸泡等综合康复措施,治疗4周后评价疗效。结果观察组偏瘫侧肩痛、关节活动度、水肿等与治疗前比较有明显差异,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康教育及早期康复指导能提高脑卒中后肩手综合征的的康复治疗效果,有助于肩关节功能的恢复,提高患者的生活质量。