Interaction of salinity （NaCI） and cadmium （Cd） on growth, mineral nutrients, Na and Cd accumulation in four barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was studied in a hydroponic experiment. Cd, NaCI and their ...Interaction of salinity （NaCI） and cadmium （Cd） on growth, mineral nutrients, Na and Cd accumulation in four barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was studied in a hydroponic experiment. Cd, NaCI and their combined stresses reduced Ca and Mg concentrations in roots and shoots, K concentration in shoots, increased K and Cu concentrations in roots relative to control, but had non-significant effect on micronutrients Cu, Fe and Mn concentrations in shoot. The three stresses reduced accumulation of most tested nutrients in both roots and shoots, except NaCI and NaCl＋Cd stresses for root K and shoot Cu accumulation in salt tolerant genotypes. The salt tolerant genotypes did not have higher nutrient concentration and accumulation than the sensitive ones when exposed to Cd and NaCI stresses. In conclusion, the affecting mechanism of Cd stress on nutrients was to some extent different from salinity stress, and the NaCl＋Cd stress was not equal to additional Cd and NaCI stresses, probably due to the different valence and competitive site of Na^＋ and Cd^2＋. NaCI addition in the Cd-containing medium caused remarkable reductions in both Cd concentration and accumulation, with the extent of reduction being also dependent on genotypes. The salt-tolerant genotypes had lower Na concentration than sensitive ones.展开更多
With the increased pace of life and improved consumption level of people, the demand for food developed from natural resources is increasing day by day. Related researches have shown that the nutrition level of specia...With the increased pace of life and improved consumption level of people, the demand for food developed from natural resources is increasing day by day. Related researches have shown that the nutrition level of special wheat is higher than that of common wheat. Special wheat can improve the nutritional structure and diet quality of people. However, the researches on special wheat are rare at home and abroad. Compared with the common wheat, special wheat still faces many challenges in taste quality, storage stability, processing suitability as main food, etc. This paper summarized the researches on analysis and application of special wheat nutrition components at home and abroad so as to evaluate comprehensively the development prospect of special wheat.展开更多
The research reviewed biological characters and nutritional value of Chenopodium quinoa and concluded status quo of domestic cultivation and problems at promotion, as wel as application prospect in order to provide re...The research reviewed biological characters and nutritional value of Chenopodium quinoa and concluded status quo of domestic cultivation and problems at promotion, as wel as application prospect in order to provide references for re-search and development of Chenopodium quinoa.展开更多
To study the physiological effects of small root zonel plants of a hybrid wheat variety (Triticum aestivnmL.cv. Meiyou 4) were grown in small pots (1 litre) or large pots (8 litre) with 1ow nitrogen (50 mg kg-1 soil)a...To study the physiological effects of small root zonel plants of a hybrid wheat variety (Triticum aestivnmL.cv. Meiyou 4) were grown in small pots (1 litre) or large pots (8 litre) with 1ow nitrogen (50 mg kg-1 soil)and high nitrogen (200 mg kg-1 soil). Restricting root zone decreased dry weight of plants at the stages ofstem elongation and flowering, compared to those of control plants grown in the large pots (P<0.01). Sprayingof 6-benzylaminopurine (50 μmol L-1) increased dry weight of plants and chlorop hyll concentration in leaves.Restriction of root zone decreased the concentrations of total nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble protein in thefiag leaf and acce1erated senescence of the leaves. Supply of high nitrogen delayed senescence of the fiag leafThe results suggested that the shortage of nutrients, especially nitrogen deficiency was the primary reasonfor the decreased growth of plant in the treatment of root zone restriction.展开更多
The growths of algae under different concentrations and treatments of wheat bran were studied in order to investigate the feasibility of wheat bran as the sole nutrient source of Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoen...The growths of algae under different concentrations and treatments of wheat bran were studied in order to investigate the feasibility of wheat bran as the sole nutrient source of Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis.The results showed that adding wheat bran directly to the algal fluid can promote algal growth.The algal growth was inhibited for the first 10 d and accelerated dramatically thereafter.For the comparison between the algae whose growth was modified by using wheat bran packed in a teabag or boulting cloth bag,and that by using loose wheat bran only,results showed that,at the same concentration,the algae grew faster and without lag phase when the wheat bran was packed in a teabag or a boulting cloth bag than when loose wheat bran was used only.In addition,when the wheat bran was packed in a boulting bag,the algal growth was slightly better than when the wheat bran was packed in a teabag.When the concentration of wheat bran ranged from 0.5 to 4 g/L,the cell density rose with the increase of the concentration of the wheat bran,however,the algal growth was inhibited completely at 8 g/L.At a concentration of 4 g/L,the fast-growth phase of the algae with the wheat bran aerobic pretreatment started 6 d earlier than that with wheat bran packed in a teabag,whereas there was no significant difference between them in final cell density.In terms of cell growth,the algal growth at 1 g/L wheat bran was close to that at f/2 medium during the experimental period.The study showed that it is feasible to use wheat bran as the sole nutrient source for the culture of Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis.展开更多
This work is focused on the characterization and rapid analytical determination of cereal flour quality with regard to nutritional and breadmaking quality. Starch, protein and non-starch polysaccharides are the main c...This work is focused on the characterization and rapid analytical determination of cereal flour quality with regard to nutritional and breadmaking quality. Starch, protein and non-starch polysaccharides are the main components of cereals. The content and quality of proteins and content of damaged starch is important because of the technological quality of flours. The high content of high molecular weight proteins is substantial for bread technology especially, while soluble protein fractions and non-starch polysaccharides are important for nutrition. The set of wheat, barley and rye flours and their blends were analyzed and their properties and their qualitative parameters were determined. Principal component analysis （PCA） was used on Fourier transform-infrared （FT-IR） spectra in the 1,200-800 cm1 wavenumber region and significant correlations of various nutritional and breadmaking parameters were observed. Results showed that the FT-IR spectroscopy and PCA can serve for rapid screening and classification of cereal flour quality.展开更多
A solution culture experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, the accumulation and translocation of Zn, and the metabolic changes of 24 days old plants of corn and wheat with the varied supply of phosphorus (...A solution culture experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, the accumulation and translocation of Zn, and the metabolic changes of 24 days old plants of corn and wheat with the varied supply of phosphorus (0, 0.12, 0.6 and 3.0 mmol L-1 ) and zinc (0.1 and 2.0 μmol L-1 ) under controlled environmental conditions. The results showed the highest dry matter production of both corn and wheat under the moderate combination of phosphorus (0.6 mmol L-1 ) and zinc (2.0 μmol L-1 ) as compared with other imbalance applications of phosphorus and zinc. Excessive P supply significantly inhibited the translocation of Zn from roots of corn to the aboveground part, thus decreasing the content of Zn in the shoots. Application of 3.0 mmol L-1 P could also reduce the water-soluble Zn in plant tissues, leading to an increase in the cell plasma membrane permeability, a decrease in the dehydrogenase activity in roots and the activity of nitrate reductase in leaves, and a decline in the uptake of nitrate by plants. A similar decrease occurred in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma membrane adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in Zn-deficient plants.But, with increasing P supply, the activity of ATPase in both corn and wheat increased and reached the maximum at the p-supplying level of 3.0 mmol L-1. Similar to the effect of high P supply, no or low P (0.12 mmol L-1 ) supply could be detrimental to dry matter production and physiological functioning of the plants. Corn plants showed a more significant response to the imbalance supply of P and Zn than wheat plants. The possible physiological and biochemical mechanism of phosphorus-zinc antagonistic interaction in corn and wheat might be attributed to decrease in physiological availability and activation of Zn.展开更多
The aim of this work was to focus on development of the new health benefit food product, bread made from colored wheat flour with a high content of proteins, fibre, β-glucans, phenols, flavonoids. The amount of prote...The aim of this work was to focus on development of the new health benefit food product, bread made from colored wheat flour with a high content of proteins, fibre, β-glucans, phenols, flavonoids. The amount of protein ranged from 9% to 14% in our analyzed set. The highest value had yellow variety of wheat BONA DEA （14%）, at least had red grain of variety FEDERER （9.02%）. Average content of fl-glucans determined by enzymatically ranged from 0.25% （BONA VITA） to 0.67% （ABISSINSKAJA and LUTEUS）. The largest amount of phenolic compounds （134 mg GAE/L） and flavonoids （2.80 mg RE/L） contained sample RU440-6, the lowest sample was IS CORVINUS （87 mg GAE/L）. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in blue varieties of wheat 48M （0.269 mmol TE/L）, while the lowest was determined in a sample of purple ANK 28A （0.083 mmol TE/L）. Data show that there is potential to use purple, blue and red variety of wheat as novel ingredient resources for the development of new innovative products. Assessment of the results we selected two varieties of color wheat （KONINI, RU440-6） in bakery attempt to meet demand for nutritional quality and also have an increased content of healthy components. Overall the most pleasant taste, color and flexibility bread crumb had a loaf of bread prepared from a purple variety KONINI without the addition of β-glucans.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. Z304104)the Grains Research & Devel-opment Corporation (GRDC)Australia (No. UT-8)
文摘Interaction of salinity （NaCI） and cadmium （Cd） on growth, mineral nutrients, Na and Cd accumulation in four barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was studied in a hydroponic experiment. Cd, NaCI and their combined stresses reduced Ca and Mg concentrations in roots and shoots, K concentration in shoots, increased K and Cu concentrations in roots relative to control, but had non-significant effect on micronutrients Cu, Fe and Mn concentrations in shoot. The three stresses reduced accumulation of most tested nutrients in both roots and shoots, except NaCI and NaCl＋Cd stresses for root K and shoot Cu accumulation in salt tolerant genotypes. The salt tolerant genotypes did not have higher nutrient concentration and accumulation than the sensitive ones when exposed to Cd and NaCI stresses. In conclusion, the affecting mechanism of Cd stress on nutrients was to some extent different from salinity stress, and the NaCl＋Cd stress was not equal to additional Cd and NaCI stresses, probably due to the different valence and competitive site of Na^＋ and Cd^2＋. NaCI addition in the Cd-containing medium caused remarkable reductions in both Cd concentration and accumulation, with the extent of reduction being also dependent on genotypes. The salt-tolerant genotypes had lower Na concentration than sensitive ones.
文摘With the increased pace of life and improved consumption level of people, the demand for food developed from natural resources is increasing day by day. Related researches have shown that the nutrition level of special wheat is higher than that of common wheat. Special wheat can improve the nutritional structure and diet quality of people. However, the researches on special wheat are rare at home and abroad. Compared with the common wheat, special wheat still faces many challenges in taste quality, storage stability, processing suitability as main food, etc. This paper summarized the researches on analysis and application of special wheat nutrition components at home and abroad so as to evaluate comprehensively the development prospect of special wheat.
基金Supported by Coarse Cereal Innovation Team of Shandong Province Modern Agricultural Technology SystemYouth Foundation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2014QNM09)~~
文摘The research reviewed biological characters and nutritional value of Chenopodium quinoa and concluded status quo of domestic cultivation and problems at promotion, as wel as application prospect in order to provide references for re-search and development of Chenopodium quinoa.
文摘To study the physiological effects of small root zonel plants of a hybrid wheat variety (Triticum aestivnmL.cv. Meiyou 4) were grown in small pots (1 litre) or large pots (8 litre) with 1ow nitrogen (50 mg kg-1 soil)and high nitrogen (200 mg kg-1 soil). Restricting root zone decreased dry weight of plants at the stages ofstem elongation and flowering, compared to those of control plants grown in the large pots (P<0.01). Sprayingof 6-benzylaminopurine (50 μmol L-1) increased dry weight of plants and chlorop hyll concentration in leaves.Restriction of root zone decreased the concentrations of total nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble protein in thefiag leaf and acce1erated senescence of the leaves. Supply of high nitrogen delayed senescence of the fiag leafThe results suggested that the shortage of nutrients, especially nitrogen deficiency was the primary reasonfor the decreased growth of plant in the treatment of root zone restriction.
文摘The growths of algae under different concentrations and treatments of wheat bran were studied in order to investigate the feasibility of wheat bran as the sole nutrient source of Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis.The results showed that adding wheat bran directly to the algal fluid can promote algal growth.The algal growth was inhibited for the first 10 d and accelerated dramatically thereafter.For the comparison between the algae whose growth was modified by using wheat bran packed in a teabag or boulting cloth bag,and that by using loose wheat bran only,results showed that,at the same concentration,the algae grew faster and without lag phase when the wheat bran was packed in a teabag or a boulting cloth bag than when loose wheat bran was used only.In addition,when the wheat bran was packed in a boulting bag,the algal growth was slightly better than when the wheat bran was packed in a teabag.When the concentration of wheat bran ranged from 0.5 to 4 g/L,the cell density rose with the increase of the concentration of the wheat bran,however,the algal growth was inhibited completely at 8 g/L.At a concentration of 4 g/L,the fast-growth phase of the algae with the wheat bran aerobic pretreatment started 6 d earlier than that with wheat bran packed in a teabag,whereas there was no significant difference between them in final cell density.In terms of cell growth,the algal growth at 1 g/L wheat bran was close to that at f/2 medium during the experimental period.The study showed that it is feasible to use wheat bran as the sole nutrient source for the culture of Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis.
文摘This work is focused on the characterization and rapid analytical determination of cereal flour quality with regard to nutritional and breadmaking quality. Starch, protein and non-starch polysaccharides are the main components of cereals. The content and quality of proteins and content of damaged starch is important because of the technological quality of flours. The high content of high molecular weight proteins is substantial for bread technology especially, while soluble protein fractions and non-starch polysaccharides are important for nutrition. The set of wheat, barley and rye flours and their blends were analyzed and their properties and their qualitative parameters were determined. Principal component analysis （PCA） was used on Fourier transform-infrared （FT-IR） spectra in the 1,200-800 cm1 wavenumber region and significant correlations of various nutritional and breadmaking parameters were observed. Results showed that the FT-IR spectroscopy and PCA can serve for rapid screening and classification of cereal flour quality.
文摘A solution culture experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, the accumulation and translocation of Zn, and the metabolic changes of 24 days old plants of corn and wheat with the varied supply of phosphorus (0, 0.12, 0.6 and 3.0 mmol L-1 ) and zinc (0.1 and 2.0 μmol L-1 ) under controlled environmental conditions. The results showed the highest dry matter production of both corn and wheat under the moderate combination of phosphorus (0.6 mmol L-1 ) and zinc (2.0 μmol L-1 ) as compared with other imbalance applications of phosphorus and zinc. Excessive P supply significantly inhibited the translocation of Zn from roots of corn to the aboveground part, thus decreasing the content of Zn in the shoots. Application of 3.0 mmol L-1 P could also reduce the water-soluble Zn in plant tissues, leading to an increase in the cell plasma membrane permeability, a decrease in the dehydrogenase activity in roots and the activity of nitrate reductase in leaves, and a decline in the uptake of nitrate by plants. A similar decrease occurred in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma membrane adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in Zn-deficient plants.But, with increasing P supply, the activity of ATPase in both corn and wheat increased and reached the maximum at the p-supplying level of 3.0 mmol L-1. Similar to the effect of high P supply, no or low P (0.12 mmol L-1 ) supply could be detrimental to dry matter production and physiological functioning of the plants. Corn plants showed a more significant response to the imbalance supply of P and Zn than wheat plants. The possible physiological and biochemical mechanism of phosphorus-zinc antagonistic interaction in corn and wheat might be attributed to decrease in physiological availability and activation of Zn.
文摘The aim of this work was to focus on development of the new health benefit food product, bread made from colored wheat flour with a high content of proteins, fibre, β-glucans, phenols, flavonoids. The amount of protein ranged from 9% to 14% in our analyzed set. The highest value had yellow variety of wheat BONA DEA （14%）, at least had red grain of variety FEDERER （9.02%）. Average content of fl-glucans determined by enzymatically ranged from 0.25% （BONA VITA） to 0.67% （ABISSINSKAJA and LUTEUS）. The largest amount of phenolic compounds （134 mg GAE/L） and flavonoids （2.80 mg RE/L） contained sample RU440-6, the lowest sample was IS CORVINUS （87 mg GAE/L）. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in blue varieties of wheat 48M （0.269 mmol TE/L）, while the lowest was determined in a sample of purple ANK 28A （0.083 mmol TE/L）. Data show that there is potential to use purple, blue and red variety of wheat as novel ingredient resources for the development of new innovative products. Assessment of the results we selected two varieties of color wheat （KONINI, RU440-6） in bakery attempt to meet demand for nutritional quality and also have an increased content of healthy components. Overall the most pleasant taste, color and flexibility bread crumb had a loaf of bread prepared from a purple variety KONINI without the addition of β-glucans.
