This article is aimed at the analysis of the images of consciousness that the representatives of the Kazakh and Russian nations possess. The analysis has been carried on the man-horseparadigm. It has been discovered t...This article is aimed at the analysis of the images of consciousness that the representatives of the Kazakh and Russian nations possess. The analysis has been carried on the man-horseparadigm. It has been discovered that the ability to associatively connect the objects and phenomena of the world around bring together the Kazakh and Russian writers as well as does the ability to see common features of different objects. At the same time in the Russian literature sometimes a person is identified with a horse, which does physical work, and characterizes people exhausted by hard work which is not typical for the Kazakhs. But the Russians do not compare their child with a foal whereas for the Kazakhs it is the kindest term of endearment. It is supposed that interesting image paradigms with ＂horse＂ element can also be discovered in the English language展开更多
Recent observations support an emerging paradigm that climate variability dominates nutrient enrichment in costal eco-systems, which can explain seasonal and inter-annual variability of phytoplankton community composi...Recent observations support an emerging paradigm that climate variability dominates nutrient enrichment in costal eco-systems, which can explain seasonal and inter-annual variability of phytoplankton community composition, biomass (Chl-a), and primary production (PP). In this paper, we combined observation and modeling to investigate the regulation of phytoplankton dynamics in Chesapeake Bay. The year we chose is 1996 that has high river runoff and is usually called a 'wet year'. A 3-D physical-biogeochemical model based on ROMS was developed to simulate the seasonal cycle and the regional distributions of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in Chesapeake Bay. Based on the model results, NO3 presents a strong contrast to the river nitrate load during spring and the highest concentration in the bay reaches around 80 mmol Nm-3 . Compared with the normal year, phytoplankton bloom in spring of 1996 appears in lower latitudes with a higher concentration. Quantitative comparison between the modeled and observed seasonal averaged dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations shows that the model produces reliable results. The correlation coefficient r2 for all quantities exceeds 0.95, and the skill parameter for the four seasons is all above 0.95.展开更多
A new control law is proposed to asymptotically stabilize the chaotic neuron system based on LaSalleinvariant principle.The control technique does not require analytical knowledge of the system dynamics and operateswi...A new control law is proposed to asymptotically stabilize the chaotic neuron system based on LaSalleinvariant principle.The control technique does not require analytical knowledge of the system dynamics and operateswithout an explicit knowledge of the desired steady-state position.The well-known modified Hodgkin-Huxley (MHH)and Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) model neurons are taken as examples to verify the implementation of our method.Simulationresults show the proposed control law is effective.The outcome of this study is significant since it is helpful to understandthe learning process of a human brain towards the information processing,memory and abnormal discharge of the brainneurons.展开更多
In the absence of all industrial activity, the oasienne agriculture represents the only advantageous economic speculation of the region. However, the agricultural soils support largest constraints, which are the salin...In the absence of all industrial activity, the oasienne agriculture represents the only advantageous economic speculation of the region. However, the agricultural soils support largest constraints, which are the salinization, the hydromorphy, and the exaggerated division of the parcels by successive inheritance what can provoke a decline and a reduction of the productivity. The sampling and the analysis of the irrigation water shows a net rise of the waters salinity, of the order of 5.25 g/L. The topographic measures made during this work serve to detect zones favorable to the accumulation of the salt layers. The object of this note is to treat these constraints differently by means of an empiric survey, all trying to establish some adequate recommendations.展开更多
Coxsackievirus A16(CVA16),together with enterovirus type 71(EV71),is responsible for most cases of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) worldwide.Recent findings suggest that the recombination between CVA16 and EV71,and ...Coxsackievirus A16(CVA16),together with enterovirus type 71(EV71),is responsible for most cases of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) worldwide.Recent findings suggest that the recombination between CVA16 and EV71,and the co-circulation of these two viruses may have contributed to the increase of HFMD cases in China over the past few years.It is therefore important to further understand the virology,epidemiology,virus-host interactions and host pathogenesis of CVA16.In this study,we describe the viral kinetics of CVA16 in human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD) cells by analyzing the cytopathic effect(CPE),viral RNA replication,viral protein expression,viral RNA package and viral particle secretion in RD cells.We show that CVA16 appears to first attach,uncoat and enter into the host cell after adsorption for 1 h.Later on,CVA16 undergoes rapid replication from 3 to 6 h at MOI 1 and until 9 h at MOI 0.1.At MOI 0.1,CVA16 initiates a secondary infection as the virions were secreted before 9 h p.i.CPE was observed after 12 h p.i.,and viral antigen was first detected at 6 h p.i.at MOI 1 and at 9 h p.i.at MOI 0.1.Thus,our study provides important information for further investigation of CVA16 in order to better understand and ultimately control infections with this virus.展开更多
Relative to countries such as Russia, the United States, and Europe, China has only recently occupied a place in the energy sector in Kazakhstan. However, after 10 years of hard work, China has come to the fore and th...Relative to countries such as Russia, the United States, and Europe, China has only recently occupied a place in the energy sector in Kazakhstan. However, after 10 years of hard work, China has come to the fore and the fierce energy competition in Kazakhstan has become an important energy trading partner of Central Asian countries. Therefore, we can learn a lot of experience and lessons from our emphasis on cooperation with China＇s energy trade and research in Central Asian countries. Against the backdrop of fierce international energy competition and the deep implementation of the ＂One Belt and One Road＂ initiative, it is like a double-edged sword for energy trade cooperation between China and Central Asian countries, problem. How China seizes opportunities, resolves challenges, and further deepens pragmatic cooperation in the energy sector with Central Asian countries so as to better protect the country＇ s energy security is a very real issue.展开更多
The wind pattern in Sahel is marked by a strong diurnal cycle as well as a strong seasonal cycle. The low level jet is blowing above the near-surface layer during nighttime and is decoupled from the surface. Nowadays,...The wind pattern in Sahel is marked by a strong diurnal cycle as well as a strong seasonal cycle. The low level jet is blowing above the near-surface layer during nighttime and is decoupled from the surface. Nowadays, some studies showed the possibility to use the sub-jet wind at levels higher than 90 m as a source of energy in this area. In the present work, the wind turbines, with hub heights situated at 150 m and blade extremities at 150 ± 60 m, were used to make an economic study of wind energy potential in Sahel. Thus, monthly wind power was determined by two methods. The first involved the wind distributions directly observed. The second was based on the Weibull distributions which were fitted to the data. Day and night were compared. Results showed that this jet was an attractive source of energy provided if huge-capacity energy storage was used. So, the energy stored at night could be restored during the daytime, when the demand is highest. An economic study was done to estimate the number of wind turbines needed to satisfy the Niamey demand. The cost was found reasonably cheap relative to that of other renewable energy sources.展开更多
The Altaid tectonic collage extends over Central Asia, exposing numerous accretionary orogens that can account for the Palaeozoic continental crust growth. A pluridisciplinary approach, using geochronological, geochem...The Altaid tectonic collage extends over Central Asia, exposing numerous accretionary orogens that can account for the Palaeozoic continental crust growth. A pluridisciplinary approach, using geochronological, geochemical, structural and palaeomagnetic tools was carried out to unravel the architecture and the evolution of West Junggar （Northwestern China）, a segment of the Altaid Collage. A polycyclic geodynamic evolution is inferred and includes： （1） an Early Palaeozoic cycle, characterized by the closure of two oceanic basins bounded by island-arc systems; （2） an Early Devonian subduction jamming resulting in a minor-scale collision documented by thrusting, syntectonic sedimentation and subsequent crutal thinning associ- ated with alkaline magmatism; （3） a Late Palaeozoic cycle, driven by the evolution of two opposite subduction zones devel- oped upon the Early Palaeozoic basement. Detailed structural analysis and paleomagnetic data provide constraints for the late evolution of Junggar in the frame of the development of the Late Palaeozoic Kazakh orocline, which led to oblique subduction and transpression in the West Junggar accretionary complex. Progressive buckling of the Kazakh orocline further resulted in Late Carboniferous to Permian wrench tectonics, and lateral displacement of lithotectonic units. Block rotations that continued after the Late Triassic are due to diachronous intraplate reactivation. This scenario mirrors the Palaeozoic geodynamics of the Altaid Collage. Multiple Early Palaeozoic collisions of intra-oceanic arcs and micro continents have contributed to the formarion of the Kazakhstan Microconrinent. Since the Late Palaeozoic, subductions formed around this microcontinent and the final oblique closure of oceanic domains resulted in the transcurrent collage of Tarim and Siberia cratons. Palaeozoic strike-slip faults were later reactivated during Mesozoic intracontinental tectonics.展开更多
Objective: To observe the clinical effect of extracorporeal shock wave plus electroacupuncture(EA) on myofascial pain syndrome(MPS) and to investigate its treatment mechanism. Methods: Ninety cases who met the inclusi...Objective: To observe the clinical effect of extracorporeal shock wave plus electroacupuncture(EA) on myofascial pain syndrome(MPS) and to investigate its treatment mechanism. Methods: Ninety cases who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into an EA group, an extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT) group and a combined therapy group, 30 in each group. EA was employed in the EA group, extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the ESWT group and EA plus extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the combined therapy group. The VAS, tenderness threshold and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated after three months of treatment. Results: After 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 3 months of treatment, the VAS scores in all three groups were significantly reduced and the tenderness threshold significantly elevated. The recovery rate and total effective rate were 23.3% and 83.3% respectively in the EA group, versus 40.0% and 90.0% in the ESWT group and 63.3% and 96.7% in the combined therapy group, showing statistical differences(P<0.05). Conclusion: EA combined with EWST works remarkably well for MPS.展开更多
In this paper, the spatial gravity distribution over Tibetan Plateau and the gravity rate of change at Lhasa for different Gaussian filter radii are computed using GRACE data. Results show that the estimate of the gra...In this paper, the spatial gravity distribution over Tibetan Plateau and the gravity rate of change at Lhasa for different Gaussian filter radii are computed using GRACE data. Results show that the estimate of the gravity rate of change is spatialradius-dependent of the Ganssian filter. The GRACE-estimated gravity rate of change agrees well with the surface measured one. In other words, the GRACE-estimated gravity rate of change has a limited value as that obtained by surface measurement when the spatial filter radius reaches zero. Then numerical simulations are made for different spatial radii of the Gaussian filter to investigate its behaviors when applied to surface signals. Results show that the estimate of a physical signal is filter-radius dependent. If the computing area is equal to or less than the mass area, especially for a uniformly distributed mass, the estimate gives an almost correct result, no matter what filter radius is used. The estimate has large error because of the signal leakage caused by harmonic truncation if the computing area is much bigger than the mass distribution （or inverse for a small mass anomaly）. If a mass anomaly is too small, it is difficult to recover it from space observation unless the filter radius is extremely small. If the computing point （or area） is outside the mass distribution, the estimated result is almost zero, particularly for small filter radii. These properties of the Gaussian filter are helpful in applying GRACE data in different geophysical problems with different spatial position and geometrical size. We further discuss physical sources causing the scalar gravity change at Lhasa. Discussions indicate that the gravity rate of change at Lhasa is not caused by the present-day ice melting （PDIM） （or Little Ice Age, LIA） effect because no ice melting occurs in Lhasa city and nearby. The gravity rate of change is attributable mainly to tectonic deformation associated with the Indian Plate collision. Simultaneous surface displacement, surface denudation, and GIA effects are not negligible.展开更多
文摘This article is aimed at the analysis of the images of consciousness that the representatives of the Kazakh and Russian nations possess. The analysis has been carried on the man-horseparadigm. It has been discovered that the ability to associatively connect the objects and phenomena of the world around bring together the Kazakh and Russian writers as well as does the ability to see common features of different objects. At the same time in the Russian literature sometimes a person is identified with a horse, which does physical work, and characterizes people exhausted by hard work which is not typical for the Kazakhs. But the Russians do not compare their child with a foal whereas for the Kazakhs it is the kindest term of endearment. It is supposed that interesting image paradigms with ＂horse＂ element can also be discovered in the English language
基金supported by the National Science Foundation project of M. Li (OCE-082543)
文摘Recent observations support an emerging paradigm that climate variability dominates nutrient enrichment in costal eco-systems, which can explain seasonal and inter-annual variability of phytoplankton community composition, biomass (Chl-a), and primary production (PP). In this paper, we combined observation and modeling to investigate the regulation of phytoplankton dynamics in Chesapeake Bay. The year we chose is 1996 that has high river runoff and is usually called a 'wet year'. A 3-D physical-biogeochemical model based on ROMS was developed to simulate the seasonal cycle and the regional distributions of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in Chesapeake Bay. Based on the model results, NO3 presents a strong contrast to the river nitrate load during spring and the highest concentration in the bay reaches around 80 mmol Nm-3 . Compared with the normal year, phytoplankton bloom in spring of 1996 appears in lower latitudes with a higher concentration. Quantitative comparison between the modeled and observed seasonal averaged dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations shows that the model produces reliable results. The correlation coefficient r2 for all quantities exceeds 0.95, and the skill parameter for the four seasons is all above 0.95.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10862001 and 10947011the Construction of Key Laboratories in Universities of Guangxi under Grant No. 200912
文摘A new control law is proposed to asymptotically stabilize the chaotic neuron system based on LaSalleinvariant principle.The control technique does not require analytical knowledge of the system dynamics and operateswithout an explicit knowledge of the desired steady-state position.The well-known modified Hodgkin-Huxley (MHH)and Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) model neurons are taken as examples to verify the implementation of our method.Simulationresults show the proposed control law is effective.The outcome of this study is significant since it is helpful to understandthe learning process of a human brain towards the information processing,memory and abnormal discharge of the brainneurons.
文摘In the absence of all industrial activity, the oasienne agriculture represents the only advantageous economic speculation of the region. However, the agricultural soils support largest constraints, which are the salinization, the hydromorphy, and the exaggerated division of the parcels by successive inheritance what can provoke a decline and a reduction of the productivity. The sampling and the analysis of the irrigation water shows a net rise of the waters salinity, of the order of 5.25 g/L. The topographic measures made during this work serve to detect zones favorable to the accumulation of the salt layers. The object of this note is to treat these constraints differently by means of an empiric survey, all trying to establish some adequate recommendations.
基金Partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20872048)
文摘Coxsackievirus A16(CVA16),together with enterovirus type 71(EV71),is responsible for most cases of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) worldwide.Recent findings suggest that the recombination between CVA16 and EV71,and the co-circulation of these two viruses may have contributed to the increase of HFMD cases in China over the past few years.It is therefore important to further understand the virology,epidemiology,virus-host interactions and host pathogenesis of CVA16.In this study,we describe the viral kinetics of CVA16 in human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD) cells by analyzing the cytopathic effect(CPE),viral RNA replication,viral protein expression,viral RNA package and viral particle secretion in RD cells.We show that CVA16 appears to first attach,uncoat and enter into the host cell after adsorption for 1 h.Later on,CVA16 undergoes rapid replication from 3 to 6 h at MOI 1 and until 9 h at MOI 0.1.At MOI 0.1,CVA16 initiates a secondary infection as the virions were secreted before 9 h p.i.CPE was observed after 12 h p.i.,and viral antigen was first detected at 6 h p.i.at MOI 1 and at 9 h p.i.at MOI 0.1.Thus,our study provides important information for further investigation of CVA16 in order to better understand and ultimately control infections with this virus.
文摘Relative to countries such as Russia, the United States, and Europe, China has only recently occupied a place in the energy sector in Kazakhstan. However, after 10 years of hard work, China has come to the fore and the fierce energy competition in Kazakhstan has become an important energy trading partner of Central Asian countries. Therefore, we can learn a lot of experience and lessons from our emphasis on cooperation with China＇s energy trade and research in Central Asian countries. Against the backdrop of fierce international energy competition and the deep implementation of the ＂One Belt and One Road＂ initiative, it is like a double-edged sword for energy trade cooperation between China and Central Asian countries, problem. How China seizes opportunities, resolves challenges, and further deepens pragmatic cooperation in the energy sector with Central Asian countries so as to better protect the country＇ s energy security is a very real issue.
文摘The wind pattern in Sahel is marked by a strong diurnal cycle as well as a strong seasonal cycle. The low level jet is blowing above the near-surface layer during nighttime and is decoupled from the surface. Nowadays, some studies showed the possibility to use the sub-jet wind at levels higher than 90 m as a source of energy in this area. In the present work, the wind turbines, with hub heights situated at 150 m and blade extremities at 150 ± 60 m, were used to make an economic study of wind energy potential in Sahel. Thus, monthly wind power was determined by two methods. The first involved the wind distributions directly observed. The second was based on the Weibull distributions which were fitted to the data. Day and night were compared. Results showed that this jet was an attractive source of energy provided if huge-capacity energy storage was used. So, the energy stored at night could be restored during the daytime, when the demand is highest. An economic study was done to estimate the number of wind turbines needed to satisfy the Niamey demand. The cost was found reasonably cheap relative to that of other renewable energy sources.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2009CB825008&2007CB411301)Chinese National S&T Major Project(Grant No.2008ZX05008)+1 种基金the project‘‘Paleomagnetic study on the tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of northwest of China’’funded by SINOPECco-sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40821002&40802043)
文摘The Altaid tectonic collage extends over Central Asia, exposing numerous accretionary orogens that can account for the Palaeozoic continental crust growth. A pluridisciplinary approach, using geochronological, geochemical, structural and palaeomagnetic tools was carried out to unravel the architecture and the evolution of West Junggar （Northwestern China）, a segment of the Altaid Collage. A polycyclic geodynamic evolution is inferred and includes： （1） an Early Palaeozoic cycle, characterized by the closure of two oceanic basins bounded by island-arc systems; （2） an Early Devonian subduction jamming resulting in a minor-scale collision documented by thrusting, syntectonic sedimentation and subsequent crutal thinning associ- ated with alkaline magmatism; （3） a Late Palaeozoic cycle, driven by the evolution of two opposite subduction zones devel- oped upon the Early Palaeozoic basement. Detailed structural analysis and paleomagnetic data provide constraints for the late evolution of Junggar in the frame of the development of the Late Palaeozoic Kazakh orocline, which led to oblique subduction and transpression in the West Junggar accretionary complex. Progressive buckling of the Kazakh orocline further resulted in Late Carboniferous to Permian wrench tectonics, and lateral displacement of lithotectonic units. Block rotations that continued after the Late Triassic are due to diachronous intraplate reactivation. This scenario mirrors the Palaeozoic geodynamics of the Altaid Collage. Multiple Early Palaeozoic collisions of intra-oceanic arcs and micro continents have contributed to the formarion of the Kazakhstan Microconrinent. Since the Late Palaeozoic, subductions formed around this microcontinent and the final oblique closure of oceanic domains resulted in the transcurrent collage of Tarim and Siberia cratons. Palaeozoic strike-slip faults were later reactivated during Mesozoic intracontinental tectonics.
基金supported by Project of Hubei Provincial Health Department(No.JX4C08)
文摘Objective: To observe the clinical effect of extracorporeal shock wave plus electroacupuncture(EA) on myofascial pain syndrome(MPS) and to investigate its treatment mechanism. Methods: Ninety cases who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into an EA group, an extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT) group and a combined therapy group, 30 in each group. EA was employed in the EA group, extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the ESWT group and EA plus extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the combined therapy group. The VAS, tenderness threshold and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated after three months of treatment. Results: After 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 3 months of treatment, the VAS scores in all three groups were significantly reduced and the tenderness threshold significantly elevated. The recovery rate and total effective rate were 23.3% and 83.3% respectively in the EA group, versus 40.0% and 90.0% in the ESWT group and 63.3% and 96.7% in the combined therapy group, showing statistical differences(P<0.05). Conclusion: EA combined with EWST works remarkably well for MPS.
基金study was supported by NASA’s Interdisciplinary Science Program (Grant No. NNG04GN19G)the Ohio State University Climate, Water, and Carbon Program
文摘In this paper, the spatial gravity distribution over Tibetan Plateau and the gravity rate of change at Lhasa for different Gaussian filter radii are computed using GRACE data. Results show that the estimate of the gravity rate of change is spatialradius-dependent of the Ganssian filter. The GRACE-estimated gravity rate of change agrees well with the surface measured one. In other words, the GRACE-estimated gravity rate of change has a limited value as that obtained by surface measurement when the spatial filter radius reaches zero. Then numerical simulations are made for different spatial radii of the Gaussian filter to investigate its behaviors when applied to surface signals. Results show that the estimate of a physical signal is filter-radius dependent. If the computing area is equal to or less than the mass area, especially for a uniformly distributed mass, the estimate gives an almost correct result, no matter what filter radius is used. The estimate has large error because of the signal leakage caused by harmonic truncation if the computing area is much bigger than the mass distribution （or inverse for a small mass anomaly）. If a mass anomaly is too small, it is difficult to recover it from space observation unless the filter radius is extremely small. If the computing point （or area） is outside the mass distribution, the estimated result is almost zero, particularly for small filter radii. These properties of the Gaussian filter are helpful in applying GRACE data in different geophysical problems with different spatial position and geometrical size. We further discuss physical sources causing the scalar gravity change at Lhasa. Discussions indicate that the gravity rate of change at Lhasa is not caused by the present-day ice melting （PDIM） （or Little Ice Age, LIA） effect because no ice melting occurs in Lhasa city and nearby. The gravity rate of change is attributable mainly to tectonic deformation associated with the Indian Plate collision. Simultaneous surface displacement, surface denudation, and GIA effects are not negligible.
