不同火烧强度对兴安落叶松根系分解和土壤有机碳的影响

细根分解作为陆地化学循环的关键环节,也是土壤养分的重要来源。为了解火干扰对细根分解的影响,以内蒙古大兴安岭毕拉河自然保护区兴安落叶松林为研究对象,利用分解袋法分析火烧后土壤理化性质、根系质量残留率和营养元素变化情况,以及驱动根系分解的关键因子。结果表明:①火烧后细根分解速率显著加快。轻度与重度火烧后,极细根(d<0.5 mm)细根质量残留率分别减少了10.15%和8.14%;中等细根(0.5 mm≤d<2.0 mm)在重度火烧处理下,细根质量残留率减少了4.78%;粗根(d≥2.0 mm)在重度火烧处理下,根系质量残留率显著增加了5.29%。②短期内,火烧降低了土壤有机碳质量分数,土壤化学计量特性是影响细根分解的主要因子,而细根碳质量分数始终是影响火烧前后细根分解的关键因子,其对分解的贡献率均在20%以上,轻度火烧条件下极细根碳在分解中的贡献率达到23.72%。③火烧对兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)根系分解和土壤有机碳具有积极影响,且根系分解对土壤有机碳库具有显著作用,其总效应达到0.3。因此,火烧通过影响土壤化学性质加快了兴安落叶松细根分解速率,并且轻度火烧对根系分解产生的影响较大。

华北落叶松根系抗拉力学特性

华北落叶松作为水土保持先锋植物之一,其根系的力学抗拉特性是维持边坡稳定的一个重要因素。为探究落叶松根系的基本抗拉力学性质,选取不同根长、直径以及去皮与否的华北落叶松根系,以不同的拉伸速率进行室内单根拉伸试验。结果表明:根长100 mm的带皮根系以10 mm/min的速率拉伸时,其根系的抗拉强度与直径无明显的相关性,而其他的条件下,根系的抗拉强度随直径的增加而减小,且呈逆函数关系;华北落叶松根系的应力-应变曲线为单峰曲线,无明显颈缩,呈弹塑性材料特征;根长、去皮与否都对根系的抗拉强度有显著的影响,而拉伸速率对根系抗拉强度的影响不明显。研究结果可为进一步分析华北落叶松根系与土壤之间的相互作用机制、建立边坡稳定模型提供基础数据。

Studies on the Secretion of Organic Acids from Roots of Two-year-old Larix olgensis under Nutrient and Water Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of nutrient and water stress on the secretion of organic acids from roots of two-year-old Larix olgensis. [Method] Different nutrient and water stress conditions were designed to investi- gate the types and quantities of organic acids secreted from roots of two-year-old L. olgensis. [Result] Under nutrient and water stress, the types of organic acids secreted from roots of two-year-old L. olgensis increased, which varied with different stress levels. In addition, nutrient and water stress also increased the secretory vol- ume of organic acids from roots of two-year-old L. olgensis. The increment in total amount of organic acids reached the maximum under Level 1 （high stress）. Among different types of organic acids, the increment in secretory volume of citric acid reached the maximum, followed by malic acid, while oxalic acid presented relatively small increment. Furthermore, the increment in secretory volume of these three organic acids all reached the maximum under Level 1. [Conclusion] The proportion of the secretory volume of each organic acid accounting for the total amount of organic acids varied slightly, but the overall order was unchanged.