中国葛属（Pueraria DC．）的研究

本文对国产葛属植物９种２变种进行了全面整理．对其中的主要类群进行了深入的研究．通过野外考察，腊叶标本的研究和细胞染色体的计数．使对中国葛属植物有一个较为全面的了解。

葛属（Pueraria DC．）的分支分析

本文采用２４个形态性状对葛属进行了分支分析，得到了１１个最简约分支图和一个严格一致化分支图，葛属的种间关系。根据分支分析结果对ｖａｎｄｅｒＭａｅｓｅｎ的葛属分类系统提出了修订意见。

基于叶绿体基因组变异位点的葛属(豆科)植物资源遗传多样性的分子鉴定新方法

精准鉴定遗传多样性是植物资源利用和深入开展科学研究的基础。本文利用葛属3个种的叶绿体基因组序列中的物种特有的624个核苷酸变异位点作为分子性状,首次编制了分子鉴定检索表,供试样品得到成功鉴定。物种特有变异位点的数量和核苷酸构成存在种间差异。食用葛的特有变异位点的数量(576)最多,粉葛(38)和葛藤(10)的特有变异位点的数量明显较少。食用葛的特有变异位点中,4类核苷酸的比例由大到小依次为:T (26.91%)、A (26.04%)、C (24.13%)和G (22.92%),差异不大。粉葛的特有变异位点中,T (39.47%)的比例最高,随后依次为C (26.32%)、A (18.42%)和G (15.79%),T的比例是G的比例的约2.5倍。葛藤的特有变异位点数量相对稀少,其中,T的比例(50.00%)最高,是A或G的比例(20.00%)的2.5倍,是C的比例(10.00%)的5倍。结果显示,叶绿体基因组的单核苷酸变异位点信息可用于葛属植物资源遗传多样性的分子鉴定。本文调查了中国过去120多年来葛属植物标本的收集现状,讨论了存在的问题与对策。本研究对于葛属植物的分类修订、种质资源的保护和利用具有重要价值。Accurate identification of genetic diversity is the basis for utilization of plant resources and further scientific research. In this paper, 624 taxon-specific variable nucleotide sites in the complete chloroplast genome of 3 species from the genus Pueraria DC. were used as molecular traits to identify successfully the genetic resources of this plant genus and compile a molecular classification key for the first time. There are differences in aspects of amount and base composition of taxon-specific variable nucleotide sites among the species. The amount of taxon-specific variable nucleotide sites in Pueraria edulis Pamp. (576) is the highest, those in Pueraria montana var. thomsonii (Benth.) M.R. Almeida (38) and Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. (10) are significantly fewer. The proportion of T (26.91%), A (26.04%), C (24.13%) and G (22.92%) is decreasing respectively but with small differences among taxon-specific variable nucleotide sites in Pueraria edulis Pamp. The proportion of T (39.47%) is the highest, followed by C (26.32%), A (18.42%) and G (15.79%) in taxon-specific variable nucleotide sites in Pueraria montana var. thomsonii, the proportion of T is 2.5 times that of G. Relatively, the amount of taxon-specific variable nucleotide sites is fewer in Pueraria montana, where the proportion of T (50.00%) is the highest, being 2.5 times that (20.00%) of A or G, and 5 times that (10.00%) of C. Our results indicated that taxon-specific variable nucleotide sites from the chloroplast genomes could be used for the molecular classification of the genetic diversity in the genus Pueraria resources. In this paper, the status of Pueraria plant specimens collected in the past 120 years in China is investigated and problems and possible strategies are discussed. This study is valuable for taxonomic revision, conservation and utilization of Pueraria plant germplasm resources.

不同施肥措施对岩质坡面覆土平台区葛(Pueraria lobata)生长影响的综合评价

为获得一种有利于石灰岩矿岩质坡面覆土平台区葛[Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi]快速生长的土壤基质改良措施,以无为杨家岭石灰岩矿东采区第三阶平台区已实施表层覆土的岩质坡面作为试验区,评价不同施肥措施对葛在重构土壤上的生长状况。试验小区设置:A(100%复合肥)、B(75%复合肥+25%有机肥)、C(50%复合肥+50%有机肥)、D(25%复合肥+75%有机肥)、E(100%有机肥)、CK(对照,不施肥)。2022年8月,对葛的生理生化指标进行分析,并用熵权法对葛的生长状况进行综合评价。结果表明:与CK相比,施肥措施均增加了葛的株长及其叶片的干重,提高了含水率、叶绿素含量、氮磷钾含量、可溶性蛋白质含量以及3种抗氧化酶(POD、CAT、SOD)活性,同时均降低了叶片的MDA含量。综合评价结果表明,25%复合肥+75%有机肥的处理最利于葛的生长,可用于该岩质坡面植被重建的生产实践。

Puerariae Radix protects against ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a common inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has long been used in Asia as a treatment for UC and Puerariae Radix(PR)is a reliable anti-diarrheal therapy.The aims of this study were to investigate the protective effect of PR using the dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)-induced UC model in mice and identify molecular mechanisms of PR action.The chemical constituents of PR via ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and identified potential PR and UC targets using a network pharmacology(NP)approach were obtained to guide mouse experiments.A total of 180 peaks were identified from PR including 48 flavonoids,46 organic acids,14 amino acids,8 phenols,8 carbohydrates,7 alkaloids,6 coumarins and 43 other constituents.NP results showed that caspase-1 was the most dysregulated of the core genes associated with UC.A PR dose of 0.136 mg/g administered to DSS treated mice reversed weight loss and decreased colon lengths found in UC mice.PR also alleviated intestinal mucosal shedding,inflammatory cell infiltration and mucin loss.PR treatment suppressed upregulation of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases-1(caspase-1),apoptosis-associated speck-like(ASC)and gasdermin D(GSDMD)at both the protein and m RNA expression levels.The addition of a small molecule dual-specificity phosphatase inhibitor NSC 95397 inhibited the positive effects of PR.These results indicated that PR exerts a protective effect on DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice.

Effects of Radix Puerariae, Radix Rehmanniae and Their Compatibility on Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effects of the compatibility of Radix Puerariae and Radix Rehmanniae on blood glucose and blood lipids in diabetic mouses.[Methods]Diabetic mouse model was established.The body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured after 7 and 14 d of administration,and the biochemical indicators of blood lipids(TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C)were detected after 14 d of administration.[Results]Compared with the Radix Puerariae group and Radix Rehmanniae group,the compatibility group(1:2)had the best hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and TC and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly decreased(P<0.05),while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)significantly increased(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Radix Puerariae,Radix Rehmanniae and their combination can reduce the blood glucose of diabetic mice.The compatibility group(1:2)had a significant hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly declined,while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)rose significantly.

RAPD技术在葛属药用植物分类和鉴定中的应用

为探讨葛属植物间的亲缘关系 ,并为分类和鉴定提供依据 ,采用 RAPD技术对葛属 6种植物进行分析 ,利用 RAPD(Version4.0 )及 PHYL IP(Version3.5 C)软件包进行数据处理 ,U PGMA法聚类分析得到系统树。结果发现 ,峨嵋葛与野葛间的遗传距离小 ,应归并为野葛 ,野葛与粉葛、山葛间的遗传距离大 ,粉葛、山葛应独立成种。

葛属植物藤茎的化学成分分析

目的：为葛藤茎的开发利用提供科学依据。方法：采用ＵＶ法测定９种葛属植物藤茎的总黄酮含量，ＴＬＣ检测异黄酮类成分。结果：葛藤茎与葛根二者的成分相似。

葛属植物中3种异黄酮成分分析

目的 :测定 7种葛属植物根中异黄酮成分的含量。方法 :采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为HypersilODS2(15 0mm× 4 6mm ,5 μm) ;检测波长 2 5 0nm ;葛根素、大豆苷、大豆苷元的加样回收率±RSD分别为 (10 5 7± 4 6 ) % ,(10 5 4± 6 9) % ,(10 4 5± 9 2 ) %。结果 :葛属植物中 3种异黄酮成分含量差异较大 ,野葛、粉葛和峨嵋葛中含有的葛根素和大豆苷比其它几种葛属植物高 ,野葛中葛根素的含量最高 ;从液相色谱图中观察到不同产地野葛的图谱与其它种的葛属植物有明显区别。结论

云南葛属药用植物资源调查

目的 调查云南葛属药用植物资源 ,为该属植物的资源开发和利用提供科学依据。方法 深入云南进行实地调查、采集标本和分类鉴定 ,并查阅和核对主要标本馆的腊叶标本。结果 云南葛属植物资源丰富 ,种类也较多。结论 野葛和粉葛为主流商品 ;其它种虽不宜作为葛根入药 ,但都有一定的开发利用价值。

花冠表面角质层在葛属植物及生药葛花鉴定中的意义

目的：通过对国产７种２变种葛属植物花冠表面角质层的研究，为葛属植物分类及生药葛花的鉴定提供参考依据。方法：扫描电镜下对花冠表面进行观察，照相。结果：角质层特征，种间有明显的差异。结论：花冠的角质层特征可作为葛属植物鉴定和分类的依据。

Optimization of Preparative Separation and Purification of Total Flavonoids from Radix Puerariae by Macroporous Resin Method

Aim To screen the optimum macroporous resin and conditions for the isolation and purification of flavonoids from Radix Puerariae. Methods The static and dynamic adsorption/desorption methods were used, and the separation and purification process was evaluated by measuring the concentration of total flavonoid in the fractions with UV spectrophotometer. Results The SP70 macroporous resin was the most effective compared with other macroporous resins. The optimum conditions were screened, which were 0.5 g· mL^- 1 corresponding to crude drug for concentration of extract, pH 5 - 6, and appended 60 times the volume of the resin bed （BV） with the adsorption speed 2 BV·h^-1, and the volume of aq. 70% （V/V） ethanol as eluant was 5 BV with desorption speed 2 BV·h^-1. By this method, the final contents of total flavonoids exceeded 80%. Conclusion The SP70 macroporous resin is the most effective one for large-scale isolation and purification of flavonoids from Radix Pueraria, which meets industrial needs.

中国葛属种质资源及在园林绿化中的应用

在对我国葛属植物的种类和分布、生态环境和生物学特性进行详细介绍的基础上 ,就其在园林绿化中的作用、繁殖方法和栽培技术进行了系统的研究。

葛属植物基于形态学和rDNAITS分类的一致性比较研究

试验以来自不同地区的葛属(Pueraria DC)植物11个种质作为材料,基于其叶色、茎粗、茎节长、茎色、茎粗、茎被毛等9个形态性状进行形态学分类,并对11个种质的r DNA ITS序列进行克隆测序和序列比较分析,采用MEGA 6.0软件构建ITS序列系统进化树。结果表明,基于ITS序列和基于形态特征的分类结果虽有一定的相似性,但仍存在较大的差异。不同分类方法导致的结果差异可能与形态特征受其生长条件、性状的选取等多方面因素的影响有关,而基于r DNA ITS序列的分类结果更为可靠。

Chemical Constituents from Pueraria lobata

Pueraria lobata ( Wild. ) Ohwi ( Ye-Ge in Chinese ) is a perennial herb ofthe genus Pueraria, which belongs to the Leguminosae family. It is commonly employed to relievefever and dysentery, promote the production of body fluid, reduce stiffness and pain of the nape,and for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, e. g. hypertension, myocardial infarction, andarrhythmia. Previous phytochemical studies on P. lobata reported a number of bioactive isoflavones,e. g. daidzein, daidzin, and puerarin. Further investigation of its root has led to isolation offourteen compounds and their structures were identified as daidzein, ononin, daidzin, 3'' -methoxypuerarin, puerarin, pueroside B, daidzein-8-C-apiosyl- (1-6)-glucoside, 3''-hydroxy-puerarin,puerarinxyloside, daidzein-7, 4'' -O-glucoside, puerarin-4''-O-glucoside, mirificin-4''-O-glucoside,sissotorin, and pueroside C. Compounds 11 and 13 were isolated from the root of P. lobata for thefirst time.

葛属植物根的异黄酮类成分分析

葛属植物根的异黄酮类成分分析曾明张汉明郑水庆苏中武葛根为常用中药，有解肌、退热、生津、透疹、升阳和止泻的功效，用于外感发热、头痛、项强、口渴、麻疹不透、热痢、泄泻和高血压颈项强痛。葛根的有效成分为葛根素（Ｐｕｅｒａｒｉｎ）、大豆甙（Ｄａｉｄｚｉｎ）和...

发根农杆菌T-DNA基因对3种葛属植物毛状根形态和葛根素含量的影响

野葛、山葛和三裂叶葛的离体叶片与发根农杆菌R16 0 1直接感染诱导出毛状根并能够合成葛根素 ,毛状根离体培养后均出现两种形态 :一种是有较高的葛根素含量的典型毛状根 ,另一种是葛根素含量低但生长速率较快的愈伤组织化毛状根 .两类毛状根均有rolB基因存在 ,表明rolB基因对所有毛状根的诱导和生长是必需的 .aux1存在于所有愈伤组织化毛状根 ,而在典型毛状根中的检出率为 2 0 %～ 5 0 % ,表明aux1基因有诱导毛状根产生愈伤组织的作用 .含有ags基因的毛状根葛根素含量低于不含ags基因的毛状根葛根素含量 ,表明ags基因不利于次生代谢物合成 .表3参

发根土壤杆菌对葛属药用植物的遗传转化

葛根是传统中药。利用发根土壤杆菌 (Agrobacteriumrhizogenes (Rikeretal.)Conn)R16 0 1转化野葛 (Puerarialobata (Willd .)Ohwi)、山葛 (P .lobatavar.montana)和三裂叶野葛 (P .phaseoloides (Roxb .)Benth .)离体叶片 ,在叶片表面直接形成毛状根。毛状根的诱导频率分别为 16 .6 %、16 .2 %和 2 6 .6 %。三种药用葛毛状根均表现出生长快、多分支、负向重力性的典型特征。毛状根离体培养均具有激素自主特性和抗卡那霉素特性 ,毛状根的冠瘿碱纸电泳、rol基因扩增及分子杂交实验均证实了其转基因性质。

葛属11份种质基于核rDNA ITS序列的亲缘关系分析

在对葛属11份种质核r DNA ITS序列克隆测序的基础上,用MEGA 6.0软件对11份种质及其近缘种进行聚类分析。结果表明,葛属11份种质的ITS序列在长度和G＋C含量上相差较大,长度变化在669～765 bp之间,最大相差96 bp,G＋C含量在52.98%～59.89%,最大相差6.91%;藤县粉葛（Tengxian Pueraria thomsonii）、常德粉葛（Changde Pueraria thomsonii）、武隆苦葛（Wulong Pueraria peduncularis）这3个种的ITS序列特点相近,G＋C含量都在53.74%左右,长度小于700 bp,在发育树上聚为1类,种质亲缘关系很近;合川粉葛（Hechuan Pueraria thomsonii）和蒙自粉葛（Mengzi Pueraria thomsonii）ITS序列相似性较高,G＋C含量与序列长度都相差不大,在发育树上聚为1类;通道山葛（Tongdao Pueraria montana）聚为1类,与其他物种存在较远的距离;德兴宋氏超级粉葛（Dexing Soong Super Pueraria thomsonii）与常宁野葛（Changning Pueraria lobata）ITS序列和G＋C含量一样,在发育树上聚为1类,但与会同山葛（Huitong Shange）、大卫粉葛（Dawei Pueraria thomsonii）处于不同的分支上,亲缘关系相对较远。