锌硒制剂、葡萄糖酸锌两锌制剂治疗抗生素相关性腹泻的效果比较

目的探讨锌硒制剂及葡萄糖酸锌两锌制剂对于小儿抗生素相关性腹泻的治疗效果和预防作用。方法选择抗生素相关性腹泻患儿156例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各78例。2组患儿同时进行饮食调整和微生态制剂的治疗。对照组患儿给予葡萄糖酸锌两锌制剂;观察组患儿给予锌硒制剂。对比2组的临床治疗效果、不良反应发生率以及随访3个月患儿再次发生腹泻的比例。结果观察组患儿的治疗有效率为96.15%,对照组患儿的治疗有效率为93.59%,差异无统计学意义;观察组患儿的腹泻消失时间短于对照组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿腹泻再发生率低于对照组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患儿均未发生严重的不良反应。结论与葡萄糖酸锌两锌制剂相比,锌硒制剂对于小儿抗生素相关性腹泻的治疗效果更加显著,患者临床症状消失的时间更快,腹泻发生率更低,具有很好的临床推广应用价值。

锌硒制剂及葡萄糖酸锌两锌制剂治疗小儿抗生素相关性腹泻的疗效及预防腹泻的临床效果

目的:本文就锌硒制剂及葡萄糖酸锌两锌制剂治疗小儿抗生素相关性腹泻的临床疗效及预防腹泻的临床效果进行观察与与探究。方法:选择我院201 5年2月至2016年3月期间收治的抗生素相关性腹泻患儿56例,依据患儿来院就诊时间进行平均分组,每组患儿占比为28例。接受葡萄糖酸锌两锌制剂治疗的患儿设为参照组,接受锌硒制剂治疗的患儿设为研究组,最后比对两组患儿的临床疗效。结果:两组患儿经不同方法治疗后,研究组患者的治疗总有效率高于参照组,且不良反应发生率较比参照组,研究组更低,组间统计后差异正相关。结论:在抗生素相关性腹泻治疗中应用锌硒制剂,效果理想,具有临床应用价值。

葡萄糖酸锌片剂影响因素考察

目的:考察自制制剂葡萄糖酸锌片剂的影响因素,以获得葡萄酸锌片剂长期稳定性数据。方法:采用了硫酸锌分散片(Smart■)作对照,考察高温、高湿、强光照射对自制制剂葡萄糖酸锌片(带包装和不带包装)的性状、含量和溶出度的影响;同时在40℃±2℃,RH75%±5%的条件下进行为期6个月的加速试验和在25℃±2℃,RH60%±10%的条件下进行为期18个月的长期试验。结果:在高温(60℃)、高湿(RH75%)、强光照射(5000 lx,200 w·h/m^2)条件下,无论是否带包装,自制制剂葡萄糖酸锌片的形状、含量和溶出度均变化不大;加速试验和长期试验结果也表明,铝塑包装的自制制剂葡萄糖酸锌片形状、含量和溶出度均能保持一定的稳定性。自制制剂葡萄糖酸锌在正常放置条件下,具有长期良好的稳定性。

局部注射止衄50例临床探讨

鼻衄是耳鼻喉科临床中的常见症状之一,轻者鼻涕带血,重者可因大量失血而致失血性贫血或休克,乃至危及生命。因此,确实有效的止血是治疗鼻衄的关键。临床上,鼻衄的止血方法很多,如烧灼法,填塞法等。作者从1989年4月至1993年4月采用局部注射止衄法,治疗鼻衄50例疗效满意,无不良反应,现报告如下,并对此治疗方法进行临床探讨。

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

Aim To screen for α-glucosidase inhibitor from Glyeyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.. Methods Glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, flavonoids of glycyrrhiza, alkaloids of glycyrrhiza, and glycyrrhiza polysaccharides were isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. respectively. Three compounds were isolated from the flavonoids of glycyrrhiza as guided by the α-glucosidase inhibitory test in vitro. Moreover, the characteristics of inhibitory kinetics of glycyrol and glycyrrhetinic acid were investi- gated. Results The flavonoids of glycyrrhiza and glycyrrhetinic acid had the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Glycyrol,β-sitosterol and liquifitin were isolated and identified. Glycyrol was a fast- binding, reversible, noncompetitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, showing IC50 at 0.26 μg·mL^-1 Glycyrrhetinic acid was a fast-binding, irreversible α-glucosidase inhibitor, showing IC50 at 102.4 μg·mL^-1. Conclusion Glycyrol is an effective α-glucosidase inhibitor.

Effects of α-glucosidase Inhibitors on the Function of Mulberry Leaf Extract as an Additive in Feedstuff

The mulberry juice contains high concentrations of α-glucosidase inhibitors that affect glycometabolism and cause diarrhea in animals, thereby affecting the de-velopment and application of mulberry （Morus alba L.） as feedstuff resources. ln this study, the effects of mulberry leaf extract with and without removal of mulberry juice on starch metabolism were analyzed and compared. The results showed that mul-berry leaf extract with removal of mulberry juice exhibited significantly lower inhibi-tion rate on starch metabolism compared with mulberry leaf extract without removal of mulberry juice. ln animal feeding trials, piglet feedstuff was added with 10% mul-berry leaf powder; compared with mulberry leaf powder without removal of mulberry juice, experimental piglets fed with mulberry leaf powder with removal of mulberry juice exhibited significantly improved weight gain and significantyl reduced diarrhea rate.

糖化酶与酵母共固定化酒精连续发酵研究初报

用海藻酸盐凝胶固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶制剂和活性干酵母进行淀粉质原料糖化醪的酒精连续发酵研究 .结果表明在稀释速率为 0 1 5 5h- 1 、糖化醪总糖为 1 1 9 8g·L- 1 、还原糖为 80 33g·L- 1 、醪液在反应器中停留时间为 3 1h时 ,成熟发酵酵残余总糖为 3 7g·L- 1 、残余还原糖为0 6g·L- 1 、总糖利用率为 96 91 % .

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis following alpha-glucosidase inhibitor treatment:A case report and review of the literature

A 69-year-old man was diagnosed as having myasthenia gravis (MG) in September 2004,and treated with thymectomy and prednisolone. He was then diagnosed as having steroid-induced diabetes mellitus,and received sulfonylurea (SU) therapy in May 2005. An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (αGI) was added in March 2006,resulting in good glycemic control. He experienced symptoms of abdominal distention,increased flatus,and constipation in October 2007,and was admitted into our hospital in late November with hematochezia. Plain abdominal radiography revealed small linear radiolucent clusters in the wall of the colon. Computed tomography (CT) showed intramural air in the sigmoid colon. Colonoscopy revealed multiple smooth surfaced hemispherical protrusions in the sigmoid colon. The diagnosis of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) was made on the basis of these findings. As the αGI voglibose was suspected as the cause of this patient's PCI,treatment was conservative,ceasing voglibose,with fasting and fluid supplementation. The patient progressed well,and was discharged 2 wk later. Recently,several reports of PCI associated with αGI therapy have been published,predominantly in Japan where αGIs are commonly used. If the use of αGIs becomes more widespread,we can expect more reports of this condition on a global scale. The possibility of PCI should be considered in diabetic patients complaining of gastrointestinal symptoms,and the gastrointestinal tract should be thoroughly investigated in these patients.

α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity-guided Identification of Compounds from Clerodendrum bungei Steud by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS

Objective To identify the compounds withα-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹)using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS.Methods The ethanol extracts of Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹)were partitioned with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,and water.The assay forα-glucosidase inhibitory activity revealed strongα-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the ethyl acetate fraction,and the bioactive compounds present in this fraction were identified by the HPLCESI-QTOF-MS/MS method.Results A total of 29 compounds were determined,among the identified bioactive components;these included 12 phenylethanoid glycosides(compounds 5,6,17,20-22,24),7 flavonoids(compounds 10,19,23,25-28),5 phenolic acids(compounds 2-4,7,9),and 5 other compounds.Compounds 2-4,7,9-10,12-13,15,19,and 26,with a potentialα-glucosidase inhibitory activity,have been reported previously.Conclusions Our results show that the methodology used in this study is feasible,credible,and rapid in identifying known compounds and also for characterizing new natural glucosidase inhibitory candidates from Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹).

Determination of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Scutellaria baicalensis using liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry coupled with centrifugal ultrafiltration

The present study aimed at identifying potential lead compounds for diabetes mellitus drug discovery. We developed a novel method involving centrifugal ultrafiltration separation subsequent liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry （LC-Q/TOF-MS/MS） determination to screen a-glucosidase inhibitors in complex Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi （SBG） extract. By adding a second filter to the screening process, the level of non-specific binding of Compounds 1, 3, 10 and 11 was significantly decreased, and the level of non-specific binding of Compounds 5 and 15 also was reduced. As a result, five flavonoids identified as baicalein, baicalein, wogonin, chrysin, and oroxylin A, were rapidly found to interact with α-glucosidase and possess potent anti-a-glueosidase aetivity in vitro. Specific binding of ligands to a-glucosidase was demonstrated though the proposed method and the ligands could be ranked in order of affinity for α-glucosidase, which were corresponded to the order of inhibitory activity in vitro. In conclusion, our results indicated that the developed method is a rapid and effective screening method for rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitors from complex herbal medicines such as SBG.

Effect of Honghua (Flos Carthami) on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells and α-glucosidase activity

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of extracts from Honghua （Flos Carthaml~ on lipopolysaccharide in- duced nitric oxide （NO） production in RAW 264.7 cells and the influence of the extracts on yeast a-glucosidase activity. The total flavonoid content of the extracts was also determined. METHODS： Cytotoxicity of the extracts to RAW 264.7 cells was evaluated by the ATPliteTM method. Inhibitory effects of the extracts on NO production were evaluated by Griess assay. Curcumin was used as a positive control. Screening of extracts for po- tential a-glucosidase inhibitors was done by a fiuo- rometric assay. The assay was based on the hydroly- sis of 4-methylumbelliferyl-a-D-glucopyranoside toform the fluorescent product, 4-methylumbellifer- one. Acarbose was used as a positive control. The total t3avonoid content was tested using kaempfer- ol as the standard. RESULTS： There were significant inhibitory effects on NO production when the extracts were 25-100 μg/ mL （P〈0.05） and curcumin was 2-4 μg/mL （P〈 0.001）. The extracts showed an inhibitory effect on a-glucosidase activity at the concentrations of 15.6-125 μg/mL with a half maximal （50%）inhibito- ry concentration （ICs0） of （32.8± 5.7） μg/mL, com- pared with the ICs0 of acarbose at （1.8±0.4） μg/mL. There was a significant difference between the two IC50 values （P〈0.001）. The total content of flavo- noids per gram of dried herb was 1.14 mg. CONCLUSION： Honghua （Flos Carthami） showed in- hibitory effects on NO production in activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and an inhibitory effect on yeast a-glucosidase. There might be a relationship between these pharmacological effects and its fla- vonoid content.

Canagliflozin,an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2,advances in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Canagliflozin(CANA)is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.One of the important mechanisms of CANA is the inhibitory effect on the glucose uptake in the proximal tubule of the nephron,and the other mechanism can be the reduction of inflammatory cytokine expression monocytes and macrophages.It is proved by FDA for the management of type 2 diabetes.In the present work,we summarized the publication and clinical evidence of the CANA on healthy individuals and those with related metabolic diseases,such as type 1 and 2 diabetes,obesity,or cardiovascular and kidney diseases.This drug has been reported to offer potential advantages in regulating body weight and reducing heart failure,hypoglycemia,and stroke risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.Some in vitro and animal experiments also show that this drug has good effects on cancer treatment.However,some case reports and experiments also show the side effect of CANA,such as amputation,fracture,and pancreatitis,while the mechanism is still unknown.Overall,CANA has a good effect on the management of type 2 diabetes by reducing the risk of kidney failure,cardiovascular diseases,and stroke.However,as a new drug,more clinical trials and experiments of CANA should be carried out in the future.

Programmable starving-photodynamic synergistic cancer therapy

Synergistic therapy combines multiple therapeutic approaches in one shot,thus could significantly amplify the therapeutic effects.However,how to design the desirable combination to maximize the synergistic effect is still a big challenge in cancer management.Herein,a nanoagent composed of glucose oxidase(GOx)and upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)were constructed for programmable starving-photodynamic synergistic cancer therapy through cascade glucose oxidation and hydrogen peroxide photolysis.In this nanoagent,GOx modulated the tumor glucose metabolism and consumed the β-D-glucose to produce H2O2.The glucose depletion induced"starvation"in cancer cells and caused cell death.Afterwards,the generated H2O2 was photolyzed by the invisible ultraviolet emission of UCNPs under near-infrared light excitation at 980 nm.The toxic hydroxyl radicals produced by photolysis further induced cancer cell death.Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that this starving-photodynamic synergistic therapy significantly outran any single therapy.This study paves an avenue to design programmable starving-photodynamic synergistic therapy for cancer management.