基于经济学视域下的中国葡萄酒产业安全研究

我国葡萄酒产业安全涵盖了葡萄酒产业链上中下游各个环节的安全状态。本文基于葡萄酒产业经济学的视角,重点围绕产业结构、产业布局、市场结构、政府规制等方面系统地分析了影响中国葡萄酒产业安全的关键因素与环节,并从加强基础研究、强化生产管理、推进产品追溯、完善标准制度、推行绿色生态、引导科学消费六个方面,提出了构建从葡萄园到餐桌的中国葡萄酒全产业链安全监管体系,切实保证葡萄原料安全、葡萄酒生产和流通安全,促进中国葡萄酒产业可持续发展。

生物质1,4-丁二醇技术经济性分析初探

简要介绍了传统生产1,4-丁二醇和生物质制1,4-丁二醇的工艺技术路线,测算了使用化石燃料的雷比法(Reppe)和利用葡萄糖直接发酵法生产1,4-丁二醇的成本。据统计分析,两种方法生产的1,4-丁二醇均具有一定的经济性。

职业学校大有作为——江苏省句容中等专业学校发展之路

茅山镇是句容市农业产业结构调整、发展高效农业成效最为突出的乡镇,其中丁庄666.67hm2葡萄科技示范园是省农业综合开发重点扶持项目。江苏省句容中等专业学校、句容市茅山镇社区教育中心针对当地农业特色,充分利用当地培训资源,与句容市农业部门协作,在农业增效、农民增收、更新品种、提升品质、拓展服务等方面开展了丰富、实用、有效的农民教育培训活动,有力地促进了当地葡萄经济的发展。

The Landscape Analysis of Viticulture and Enology in Georgia

Georgia has been the country of vines and wine since ancient times, and historically vine growing and wine making has performed the function of one of the leading branches of economy. The diverse and rich information about growing vines and producing wine in Georgia can be found in historical and modem scientific literatures as well. Javakhishvili reviewed 413 vine species from the ancient period in his work： ＂Economic History of Georgia＂. Nowadays there are more than 420 species in Georgia or 2.5% of the whole world assortment, from which 27 are for wine, 14 edible and 41 standard species. According to the ecological and economic conditions, Georgia is divided into 11 main regions from the viewpoint of specialization and concentration of vine growing, of which Kakheti, Kartli, Imereti, Racha and Lechkhumi are the most important regions. All these regions are both producers and users of grapes and wine. The climate of Kakheti is favorable to develop the vine industry here. They are： Rkatsiteli, Saperavi, Mtsvane, Kabeme and Khikhvi. Kakheti gives more than half of branded wines of the republic. Fifty-four percent of vineyards of the country are placed, and 65%-68% of total wines in Georgia are produced in Kakheti.

Biodynamic Practices, Eco-label Wines and Millennial Consumers

Abstract： The objective of this study was to provide insights on the motivations behind the decision of biodynamic producers in the United States to shift to biodynamic practices in the vineyard and winemaking process. The second objective of the study was to evaluate the perceptions of the consumers regarding eco-label wines, with a direct focus on the attitudes of millennial generation. Two surveys, one directed to biodynamic producers in the United States and the other to a group of Californian wine consumers were distributed during spring and fall of 2010. Findings from the first survey reveal that biodynamic producers are engaged in biodynamic practices out of socially motivated reasons rather than economic factors. Results from the consumer survey suggest a generally uninformed generation of consumers about eco-label wines and particularly about the practices associated with these products. This lack of information heavily influences their behavioral decisions and attitudes and points out to the critical need for consumer education.

Collective Bargaining During the Crisis： The Portuguese Case

Following a period of significant development at the end of the 1990s, with economic growth rates greater than those of the European Union, the Portuguese economy stagnated in 2002 and even declined in 2003. The current context of international crisis has just interrupted the fragile growth trend initiated in 2004： In fact, real GDP, which increased by 1.9 percent in 2007, had a growth rate of zero in 2008 and declined by 2.9 percent in 2009. The crisis has abruptly increased the closure of companies and unemployment jumped from 7.3% in the second haft of 2008 to 10.1% in the forth quarter of 2009. Notwithstanding, social dialog was resilient to this situation of economic crisis, as shown by the number of collective agreements negotiated by the social partners, the number of workers covered by collective agreements and the observed increase in real wages. Additionally, social partners have agreed on a reform of the Labour Code. Are this data enough evidence of social concentration on crisis management？ This paper will analyze this issue, giving particular attention to collective bargaining in Portugal and the crisis impact on the industrial relations system and their actors

Tourism in the Valleys of European Rivers, Comparing the Loire Valley and the Danube Valley in Serbia

The analysis of forms of tourism trends in the Loire Valley aims to initiate similar ideas in the Danube Valley in Serbia. The field research identified similar relief qualities, fertile alluvial soil, and similar economic activities, such as farming, animal husbandry, horticulture and viticulture, which are reminiscent of the Danube valley. In addition to these similarities, similarities were observed in the sphere of social life. in terms of methodology, results are obtained from： field observation, using literature sources and maps, interviewing local people in both valleys, and the application of analytical methods and comparisons. The importance of this work is the enrichment of the knowledge of two important European valleys. Research results can be included in the regional geography courses at all educational levels, and can be used at the local level. Communities in the valley of the Danube can be modeled on the experience from the Loire Valley, organize their activities, and thus improve the quality of life.

Governance of Marine Protected Areas： An Approach Using Public Participation Geographic Information Systems--The MARGov Project

The MARGov Project consisted in strengthening the interaction among the Professor Luiz Saldanha Marine Park stakeholders, and to collaboratively construct, with social and institutional actors, a governance model for the Marine Park, located in the municipality of Sesimbra （Portugal）. To pursue this goal, a PPGIS （public participation geographic information system） was developed, allowing the interaction, discussion and public participation of the stakeholders and actors involved. This PPGIS emerged as a crowdsourcing tool, with the purpose of assisting the georeferenced contributes from the local users of the Marine Park, regarding several relevant subjects, such as pollution, economic activities, opportunities and threats to the Marine Park, providing visual, analytical, and demonstrative qualities.

The Innovation Public Policies and the Firms＇ Adoption of Innovative Processes： Some Notes About the Portuguese Case

Innovation is considered an important competitiveness factor for firms and a source of wealth for economies. Innovation appears as a positive value and as a solution to solve social problems and firm＇s competitiveness. Therefore it is an important subject of policy intervention and territory development, so organizations are encouraged to adopt innovative practices through incentives and innovation policies. This paper aims to propose a new methodological approach for public policy supporting innovation evaluation in a territorial-based analysis. A new methodology which intended to contribute to strengthen and reinforce the innovation effectiveness in firms and territory development resulting from support of public mechanisms. Some economic and sociological studies had showed that Portuguese firms adopt more easily technological innovations （with short-term effects） than organizational and social innovations. In this sense, we will consider innovation public policies effects at firms and how they take available opportunities for innovation. The aim is to know if the concept of innovation spread by these policies is multidimensional （e.g., social, economic and technological） or restricted. We propose to study the factors （internal and external） that affect innovation processes in firms through case studies methodology. This research strategy will show the processes of innovation from within the organizations and analyze the socio-economic context in which organizations operate.

Analysing Different Microgeneration Systems for Portuguese Residential Sector

The main purpose of this article is to perform a technical-economic analysis of different microgeneration systems （photovoltaic and wind turbine systems） that can be installed in a single-family house. One of the strategies for improving energy performance of buildings is the installation of microgeneration systems. This will enable Portugal to meet the goal regarding the share of renewable sources on gross final energy consumption imposed by the European Commission climate change and energy package for 2020. The analysis of four different micro-generation systems will take into account the local availability of renewable resources and market technologies and the new Portuguese law concerning microgeneration to promote renewable energy sources in households. The Portuguese microgeneration legal framework is also highlighted.

Measuring External Debt in a Context of Macroeconomic Imbalances

The exploitation of new methodologies and indicators is considered valuable in measuring a key macroeconomic indicator like the external debt. The recent Portuguese economic developments illustrate the need and usefulness of having a multidimensional approach of this indicator, with several balance of payment items, such as the current and the capital account balances, the foreign direct investment or the reserves assets being carefully analysed when reading the external conditions faced by the economy. Only such an approach can provide with a comprehensive measure of external debt consistent across the range of debt instruments, institutional sectors and valuation methods used. This paper develops an assessment of external debt measures and concludes about their potential advantages and disadvantages. Comparisons are made by focusing on alternatives like gross external debt against net external debt, external debt vis-h-vis international investment position, and external debt at nominal value against external debt at market value.