海因里希·恺撒·贝兰(Heinrich Caesar Berann,1915—1999年),是奥地利蒂罗尔山区的著名艺术家和制图大师。他将古老的欧洲绘画传统与现代地图学相结合,制作出独特的全景地图,享誉全球。在数十年的制图生涯中,贝兰留下了568张...海因里希·恺撒·贝兰(Heinrich Caesar Berann,1915—1999年),是奥地利蒂罗尔山区的著名艺术家和制图大师。他将古老的欧洲绘画传统与现代地图学相结合,制作出独特的全景地图,享誉全球。在数十年的制图生涯中,贝兰留下了568张令人惊叹的全景地图艺术作品。展开更多
海因里希·恺撒·贝兰(Heinrich Caesar Berann,1915-1999年),是奥地利蒂罗尔山区的著名艺术家和制图大师。他将古老的欧洲绘画传统与现代地图学相结合,制作出独特的全景地图,享誉全球。在数十年的制图生涯中,贝兰的全景地图留...海因里希·恺撒·贝兰(Heinrich Caesar Berann,1915-1999年),是奥地利蒂罗尔山区的著名艺术家和制图大师。他将古老的欧洲绘画传统与现代地图学相结合,制作出独特的全景地图,享誉全球。在数十年的制图生涯中,贝兰的全景地图留下了568张令人惊叹的地图艺术作品。1915年3月31日,海因里希·恺撒·贝兰出生在奥地利蒂罗尔州因斯布鲁克的一个著名画家和雕塑家家庭。尽管如此,他最初绘画方面的艺术努力,并没有得到父亲的支持,他只好独自反复练习作画,自学成才。展开更多
Aims: To investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of apparent life threatening events (ALTE). Methods: A prospective study enrolled all live-born infants in the Tyrol (1993-2001) . Information on pregnancy, socio...Aims: To investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of apparent life threatening events (ALTE). Methods: A prospective study enrolled all live-born infants in the Tyrol (1993-2001) . Information on pregnancy, sociodemographic characteristics, child care practices, and infant’ s behaviour in the first four to six weeks of life was collected with a standardised questionnaire, and was available for 44 184 infants. ALTE was identified from hospital admission records. Results: During the study period 164 ALTE cases were identified, corresponding to an incidence of 2.46/ 1000 live births. In 73 of these infants no cause for the event and no comorbidity could be found (idiopathic ALTE). On average ALTE manifested ten weeks earlier than SIDS. Of various SIDS risk factors in the survey area, the prone sleeping position, smoking during pregnancy, low gestational age, profuse night sweating, and family history of infant death showed a moderate relation to the risk of overall ALTE, but only smoking maintained significance in the multivariate risk model. None of these variables was associated with idiopathic ALTE. In contrast to SIDS the frequency of ALTE did not change during the study period. None of the ALTE infants experienced SIDS later in life. Behavioural abnormalities such as feeding difficulties, episodes of pallor, cyanotic episodes, and repeated apnoea episodes were strongly associated with an increased risk of overall and idiopathic ALTE. Conclusions: Although there are some similarities in the clinical presentation and epidemiology of SIDS and ALTE, differences clearly predominate. Accordingly, ALTE and SIDS should not be considered different manifestations of the same disease process.展开更多
文摘海因里希·恺撒·贝兰(Heinrich Caesar Berann,1915-1999年),是奥地利蒂罗尔山区的著名艺术家和制图大师。他将古老的欧洲绘画传统与现代地图学相结合,制作出独特的全景地图,享誉全球。在数十年的制图生涯中,贝兰的全景地图留下了568张令人惊叹的地图艺术作品。1915年3月31日,海因里希·恺撒·贝兰出生在奥地利蒂罗尔州因斯布鲁克的一个著名画家和雕塑家家庭。尽管如此,他最初绘画方面的艺术努力,并没有得到父亲的支持,他只好独自反复练习作画,自学成才。
文摘Aims: To investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of apparent life threatening events (ALTE). Methods: A prospective study enrolled all live-born infants in the Tyrol (1993-2001) . Information on pregnancy, sociodemographic characteristics, child care practices, and infant’ s behaviour in the first four to six weeks of life was collected with a standardised questionnaire, and was available for 44 184 infants. ALTE was identified from hospital admission records. Results: During the study period 164 ALTE cases were identified, corresponding to an incidence of 2.46/ 1000 live births. In 73 of these infants no cause for the event and no comorbidity could be found (idiopathic ALTE). On average ALTE manifested ten weeks earlier than SIDS. Of various SIDS risk factors in the survey area, the prone sleeping position, smoking during pregnancy, low gestational age, profuse night sweating, and family history of infant death showed a moderate relation to the risk of overall ALTE, but only smoking maintained significance in the multivariate risk model. None of these variables was associated with idiopathic ALTE. In contrast to SIDS the frequency of ALTE did not change during the study period. None of the ALTE infants experienced SIDS later in life. Behavioural abnormalities such as feeding difficulties, episodes of pallor, cyanotic episodes, and repeated apnoea episodes were strongly associated with an increased risk of overall and idiopathic ALTE. Conclusions: Although there are some similarities in the clinical presentation and epidemiology of SIDS and ALTE, differences clearly predominate. Accordingly, ALTE and SIDS should not be considered different manifestations of the same disease process.
