The pervaporation behavior of fermentation broth was investigated experimentally and compared with those started with ethanol mixtures. Ethanol was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizing technical grade glucos...The pervaporation behavior of fermentation broth was investigated experimentally and compared with those started with ethanol mixtures. Ethanol was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizing technical grade glucose and recovered by pervaporation using a composite polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane prepared in our laboratory. Ethanol concentration in fermentation broth decreased to a relatively low level when pervaporation was coupled with fermentation. The more active cells appeared in the fermentation broth, the better the membrane performance was.展开更多
Materials-development projects for advanced ultra-supercritical(A-USC) power plants with steam temperatures of 700℃ and above have been performed in order to achieve high efficiency and low CO_2 emissions in Europe, ...Materials-development projects for advanced ultra-supercritical(A-USC) power plants with steam temperatures of 700℃ and above have been performed in order to achieve high efficiency and low CO_2 emissions in Europe, the US, Japan, and recently in China and India as well. These projects involve the replacement of martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels with nickel(Ni)-base alloys for the highest temperature boiler and turbine components in order to provide sufficient creep strength at 700℃ and above. To minimize the requirement for expensive Ni-base alloys, martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels can be applied to the next highest temperature components of an A-USC power plant, up to a maximum of 650℃. This paper comprehensively describes the research and development of Ni-base alloys and martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels for thick section boiler and turbine components of A-USC power plants, mainly focusing on the long-term creep-rupture strength of base metal and welded joints, strength loss in welded joints, creep-fatigue properties, and microstructure evolution during exposure at elevated temperatures.展开更多
The coke plant of a steel plant corresponds to the area that transforms a blend of coal into coke for using in blast furnace and steam to power plant. The coking plant of ThyssenKrupp CSA uses the heat recovery techno...The coke plant of a steel plant corresponds to the area that transforms a blend of coal into coke for using in blast furnace and steam to power plant. The coking plant of ThyssenKrupp CSA uses the heat recovery technology with stamping charger for stamping and preparation a blend of coals for charging and coking. Stamping technology adds several benefits to the process, such as increased density, homogeneity and alignment of the coal cake charged into the oven, as well as provides better control of the coking process, improves parameters of coke quality and allows coal blending with lower coking power, thereby reducing the production cost of coke and power generation. Through the automation of stamping charger, it is possible to evaluate and calculate the stamped coal density charged and the productivity gains this system provides.展开更多
When a liquid undergoes sudden reduction in the surrounding pressure below its saturation pressure, the liquid then enters in a metastable state. In order to regain equilibrium, part of the liquid evaporates quickly i...When a liquid undergoes sudden reduction in the surrounding pressure below its saturation pressure, the liquid then enters in a metastable state. In order to regain equilibrium, part of the liquid evaporates quickly in a phenomenon called ＂flash evaporation＂, and the excess sensible heat contained in the liquid is converted into latent heat of vaporization. Therefore, temperatures of both the liquid and the generated vapor decline to the saturation temperature for the reduced pressure. As the heat and mass transfer occur in direct contact between the liquid and its own vapors, the process involves a very high heat transfer rate which makes it suitable for exchanging heat between sources of relatively small temperature difference. Moreover, dispensability of the heat exchange surfaces in this process is a considerable advantage as these surfaces constitute major part of the total system expenses in addition to the associated maintenance problems, especially when dealing with corrosive fluids such like seawater in the thermal desalination processes and in the OTEC （ocean thermal energy conversion） systems. This paper reports on the heat flux variation profiles during the flash evaporation of superheated water jets at various flow conditions. Heat flax was found to grow with time attaining a peak value before it starts to decrease monotonically.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20176030, No. 20276041).
文摘The pervaporation behavior of fermentation broth was investigated experimentally and compared with those started with ethanol mixtures. Ethanol was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizing technical grade glucose and recovered by pervaporation using a composite polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane prepared in our laboratory. Ethanol concentration in fermentation broth decreased to a relatively low level when pervaporation was coupled with fermentation. The more active cells appeared in the fermentation broth, the better the membrane performance was.
文摘Materials-development projects for advanced ultra-supercritical(A-USC) power plants with steam temperatures of 700℃ and above have been performed in order to achieve high efficiency and low CO_2 emissions in Europe, the US, Japan, and recently in China and India as well. These projects involve the replacement of martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels with nickel(Ni)-base alloys for the highest temperature boiler and turbine components in order to provide sufficient creep strength at 700℃ and above. To minimize the requirement for expensive Ni-base alloys, martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels can be applied to the next highest temperature components of an A-USC power plant, up to a maximum of 650℃. This paper comprehensively describes the research and development of Ni-base alloys and martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels for thick section boiler and turbine components of A-USC power plants, mainly focusing on the long-term creep-rupture strength of base metal and welded joints, strength loss in welded joints, creep-fatigue properties, and microstructure evolution during exposure at elevated temperatures.
文摘The coke plant of a steel plant corresponds to the area that transforms a blend of coal into coke for using in blast furnace and steam to power plant. The coking plant of ThyssenKrupp CSA uses the heat recovery technology with stamping charger for stamping and preparation a blend of coals for charging and coking. Stamping technology adds several benefits to the process, such as increased density, homogeneity and alignment of the coal cake charged into the oven, as well as provides better control of the coking process, improves parameters of coke quality and allows coal blending with lower coking power, thereby reducing the production cost of coke and power generation. Through the automation of stamping charger, it is possible to evaluate and calculate the stamped coal density charged and the productivity gains this system provides.
文摘When a liquid undergoes sudden reduction in the surrounding pressure below its saturation pressure, the liquid then enters in a metastable state. In order to regain equilibrium, part of the liquid evaporates quickly in a phenomenon called ＂flash evaporation＂, and the excess sensible heat contained in the liquid is converted into latent heat of vaporization. Therefore, temperatures of both the liquid and the generated vapor decline to the saturation temperature for the reduced pressure. As the heat and mass transfer occur in direct contact between the liquid and its own vapors, the process involves a very high heat transfer rate which makes it suitable for exchanging heat between sources of relatively small temperature difference. Moreover, dispensability of the heat exchange surfaces in this process is a considerable advantage as these surfaces constitute major part of the total system expenses in addition to the associated maintenance problems, especially when dealing with corrosive fluids such like seawater in the thermal desalination processes and in the OTEC （ocean thermal energy conversion） systems. This paper reports on the heat flux variation profiles during the flash evaporation of superheated water jets at various flow conditions. Heat flax was found to grow with time attaining a peak value before it starts to decrease monotonically.
