鼎湖山人工松林生态系统蒸散力及计算方法的比较

Based on the consecutive measurement (1995-1997) of meteorology and microclimate of artificial Pinus forest in Mount Dinghu, we calculated the potential evapotranspiration by using four different methods to discuss the method which is fit for forest ecosystem. The results are given as follows.1) In terms of the enviromental conditions of forest ecosystem, we redefined some parameters in Penman equation and used it to calculate the potential evapotranspiration of artificial Pinus forest ecosystem in Mount Dinghu.Preliminary result is that Penman equation is worth spreading for calculating the potential evapotranspiration of forest ecosystem,compared with several other methods.2) The annual average potential evapotranspiration of the artificial Pinus forest in Mount Dinghu is 937.55 mm,according to Penman equation. It is 50% of the rainfall in the corresponding period. The highest mean monthly potential evapotranspiration is July and the lowest mean monthly potential evapotranspiration is January. This is completely consistent with the variations of temperature.

计算森林生态系统蒸散力和蒸散理论公式中参数的确定

森林生态系统蒸散力蒸用是评价森林生态系统水分蒸散与水分平衡的重要指标。分别推导了 森生态系统蒸散力和蒸散的理论计算公式，并重新确定了其中的某些一数，这对研究森林生态有着重要意义。

鼎湖山亚热带季风常绿阔叶林蒸散研究

运用Penman蒸散力公式和理论上导出的计算森林生态系统蒸散公式 ,对亚热带地带性群落鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林的蒸散力和蒸散逐日进行计算 ,其结果表明 :鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林蒸散力年平均为987 5mm ,占同期降雨量的 4 7%。蒸散力最大的月份是 7月 ,最小的月份是 2月 ,这基本上与近地面层的气温变化规律相一致 ,而与同期的降雨量有所延迟。林外自由水面蒸发年平均为 1 1 94 5mm ,干季林内蒸散力明显小于林外自由水面的蒸发 ,而湿季两者又十分接近 ,因此 ,两者相比可用来作为该地区划分干湿季的一个参考指标。理论公式法所计算出该系统的蒸散年平均为 951 9mm ,与蒸散力相当 ,占同期降雨量的4 5 3%。鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林总径流量年平均为 1 1 0 3 8mm ,径流系数为 0 52。研究期间系统贮水量的变化年平均为 38 9mm。水量平均法所得的蒸散年平均为 960 1mm ,与公式法计算所得的蒸散非常接近 ,3年的系统误差不到 1 % ,因此 ,初步得出此公式是计算森林生态系统蒸散的一种值得推广的方法。

茶园人工生态群落系统生态功能研究

根据生态学原理,采用定点定位方法对茶园人工生态群落系统生态功能的优良性,系统的能值和蒸散力以及光效能与生物信息进行了研究。结果表明:茶园人工生态群落系统具有良好的生态功能。具体表现为茶园人工生态群落系统光效能、土壤肥力能值、系统蒸散力、系统有益生物信息较纯茶园分别提高40.8%～55.34%、76.34%、16.07%,系统有益生物信息量大幅度增加,抑制了病虫的发生。

Estimations of Net Primary Productivity and Evapotranspiration Based on HJ-1A/B Data in Jinggangshan City, China

Net primary productivity （NPP） and evapotranspiration （ET） are two key variables in the carbon and water cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, to test a newly developed NPP algorithm designed for H J-1 A/B data and to evaluate the usage of HJ-1 A/B data in the quantitative assessment of environments, NPP and ET in Jinggangshan city, Jiangxi province, are calculated using H J-1 A/B data. The results illustrate the following： （1） The NPP and ET in Jinggangshan city in 2olo both show obvious seasonal variation, with the highest values in summer and the lowest values in winter, and relatively higher values were observed in autumn than in spring. （2） The spatial pattern indicates that the annual NPP is high in the southern area in Jinggangshan city and low in the northern area. Additionally, high NPP is distributed in forests located in areas with high elevation, and low NPP is found in croplands at low elevations. ET has no significant north-south difference, with high values in the southeast and northwest and low values in the southwest, and high ET is distributed in forests at low elevations in contrast to low ET in forests in high-elevation areas and in cropland and shrub grassland in low-elevation areas. （3） Compared to the MODIS product, the range of H J-1 NPP is larger, and the spatial pattern is more coincident with the topography. The range of H J-1 ET is smaller than that of the MODIS product, and ET is underestimated to some extent but can reflect the effect of topography. This study suggests that the algorithm can be used to estimate NPP and ET in a subtropical monsoon climate if remotely sensed images with high spatial resolution are available.

Leaf Temperature as Thermal Bio-indicator of Heavy Metal Pollutants

Enviromnental pollution is serious social concern. The inflow of heavy metals in the ecological food chain and their subsequent bio-magnification in human bodies is cascading its harmful effects. The metabolism of plants is being hampered by these heavy metals. In the present studies, effect of heavy metal especially cadmium has been studied on stomatal diffusive resistance （SDR）, transpiration rate, leaf surface humidity and leaf temperature of soybean plants growing in hydroponic cultures. Cadmium treatment decelerates the rate of transpiration. The inhibition of transpiration associated with increased SDR leads to dehydration of leaf surface, thereby, increasing temperature of leaves in comparison to control plants. In the present study, temperature difference between stressed and non-stressed plant leaves was as high as 3℃ Moreover, any such rise in leaf temperature due to uptake and induced toxicity of heavy metals can possibly be a good bio-indicator having wide applications in thermal remote sensing and geospatial monitoring of metal polluted soils.

Carbon-water coupling and its relationship with environmental and biological factors in a planted Caragana liouana shrub community in desert steppe,northwest China

The carbon and water cycle,an important biophysical process of terrestrial ecosystems,is changed by anthropogenic revegetation in arid and semiarid areas.However,there is still a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of carbon and water coupling in intrinsic ecosystems in the context of human activities.Based on the CO,and H,O flux measurements of the desert steppe with the planted shrub Caragana liouana,this study explored the carbon and water flux coupling of the ecosystem by analyzing the variations in gross primary productivity(GPP),evapotranspiration(ET)and water use efficiency(WUE)and discussing the driving mechanisms of biological factors.The seasonal variation in climate factors induced a periodic variation pattern of biophysical traits and carbon and water fluxes.The GPP and ET fluctuated in seasons,but the WUE was relatively stable in the growing season.The GP,ET and WUE were significantly driven by global radiation(R,),temperature(T,and T),water vapor pressure deficit,leaf area index and plant water stress index(PWSI).However,R,temperature and PWSI were the most important factors regulating WUE.R,and temperature directly affected WUE with a positive effect but indirectly inhibited WUE by rising PWSl.Plant water stress inhibited photosynthesis and transpiration of the planted shrub community in the desert steppe.When the plant water stress exceeded a threshold(PWSI>0.54),the WUE would decrease since the GPP responded more quickly to the plant water stress than ET.Our findings suggest that policies related to large-scale carbon sequestration initiatives under afforestation must first fully consider the status of water consumption and WUE.