扩散式蒸气流泵主要故障的修复技术

论述了扩散式蒸气流泵主要故障的修复技术,对各种故障进行了详细的分析,并介绍了简单实用的修复技术。

室内霉菌污染原因及其控制对策

通过对建筑墙体内湿气迁移过程的研究 ,详细分析了霉菌污染产生的原因。通过夏、冬两季平均气候条件下沿墙厚度温度、相对湿度分布和湿积累量的具体计算 ,得出墙内的相对湿度将达到或超过 70 % ,有时甚至处于饱和状态 ,从而为霉菌的生长提供了有利条件。基于分析结果 。

高功率激光照射致材料气化与熔池行为

激光深熔焊接小孔内前沿孔壁上的动态行为与焊接小孔的动态波动关系密切。为了进一步探明激光照射在前沿孔壁上产生的物理现象,设计激光倾斜照射在板材上的试验以模拟激光照射在倾斜的小孔内前沿孔壁上的状态。拍摄观察激光照射作用下材料的熔化与气化行为,深入分析熔池流动状态与蒸气特征在不同的激光照射角度与不同的照射能量密度时的变化规律。结果显示,激光照射作用下材料熔化形成的熔池表面易产生波动涟漪,且涟漪产生的频率与移动速度随照射激光功率密度的增加而增加。由于涟漪的存在使得涟漪处局部激光照射倾角发生改变,材料对激光的吸收率大幅提高,局部可产生更多蒸气,在气化反冲作用力下,涟漪可被剥离形成飞溅熔滴。

实现径向劈式光学薄膜的透视投影平面挡板设计法

运用静止挡板截断蒸气流以改变衬底膜厚分布是真空镀膜中一项重要技术。本文以文献[1]中的膜厚分布基本公式出发。分析研究了有关技术途径。提出了适用于各类劈式光学薄膜制备的平面静止挡板透视投影设计法。

硫酸钠-过氧化氢-氯化钠加合物干燥设备研究

针对硫酸钠-过氧化氢-氯化钠加合物固有的特性,采用干燥试验、金属材质耐腐蚀试验研究了不同干燥设备对硫酸钠-过氧化氢-氯化钠加合物的影响。结果表明:钛合金TC4材质闪蒸气流干燥机由于热效率高、处理量大、能有效防止加合物分解,在硫酸钠-过氧化氢-氯化钠加合物的干燥中表现出了独特的优势。

加气混凝土砌块界面剂的透气性能研究

为研究有效的加气混凝土砌块界面剂透气性能的测试方法,采用T1和T2 2种测试方法对4种环境下的3种配合比砂浆进行试验。试验结果表明:掺入PTB乳液的界面剂比普通砂浆水蒸气湿流密度大,具有较好的透气性能。经过两种试验测试方法的对比,两者试验结果基本吻合,可以采用T2测试方法对界面剂透气性进行测试。该研究结果可为提高加气混凝土砌块界面剂的性能提供理论参考。

Numerical Study of Steam-Water Separators with Wave-type Vanes

Droplet behavior in the wave-type flow channel is discussed, especially with the secondary .droplet generation due to impingement of droplets on the wall considered. A numerical method is suggested to simulate tile droplet behavior in the flow field. Calculations are compared With experimental data on the ; pressure drop and separating efficiency. Good agreement exists between the calculations and air-water experiments. The numerical method developed gives a reasonable description of the droplet deposition and secondary droplet generation, and it can be applied to predict the performance of wave-type vane separators.

Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of Atmospheric Water Vapor Transport in the Haihe River Basin

The seasonal mean atmospheric precipitable water and water vapor transport over the Haihe River Basin （HRB） in North China with a focus on their interannual to interdecadal variability, and then the relationships of the interannual and interdecadal variability of the water cycle over the HRB to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） and E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） phenomena were investigated using the observational and National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） reanalysis data. There was a strong interdecadal variability for the water cycle （such as precipitation and water vapor transport） over the region, with an abrupt change occurring mostly in the mid 1970s. The intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon largely affected the atmospheric water vapor transport. Generally, the net meridional convergence of the water vapor flux over the region was relatively large before 1965, and it declined gradually from then on with a further notable decrease since mid 1970s. Zonal water vapor transport was similar to meridional, but with a much smaller magnitude and no noteworthy turning in the mid 1970s. Results also suggested that the wind field played an important role in the water vapor transport over the HRB before the mid 1960s, and the interdecadal variability of the water cycle （precipitation, water vapor transport, etc.） in the summer was related to the PDO; however, interannual variation of the water vapor transport could also be related to the ENSO phenomena.

Application of least squares vector machines in modelling water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes over a cropland

Least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs), a nonlinear kemel based machine was introduced to investigate the prospects of application of this approach in modelling water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes above a summer maize field using the dataset obtained in the North China Plain with eddy covariance technique. The performances of the LS-SVMs were compared to the corresponding models obtained with radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. The results indicated the trained LS-SVMs with a radial basis function kernel had satisfactory performance in modelling surface fluxes; its excellent approximation and generalization property shed new light on the study on complex processes in ecosystem.

FEATURES OF WATER VAPOR TRANSPORT OF TYPHOON DAN (9914)

The 2.5×2.5 gridded ECMWF reanalysis data are used to diagnose the genesis, developmentand dissipation of typhoon Dan by calculated stream function, velocity potential and vapor budget. It is shown inthe result that when typhoon Dan moved westwards, water vapor mainly came from the eastern and westernboundaries, with most of it was transferred by the easterly flow south of the western North Pacific subtropicalhigh; after Dan swerved northwards, water vapor mainly came from western boundary of the typhoon, and thevapor came from the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. The transfer of water vapor was mainlyconcentrated on the mid-lower troposphere, especially the level of 925hPa, at which the most intensive transferbelt was located. During the different period of typhoon Dan, there was great water vapor change as indicated bystream function, velocity potential and vapor budget, which suggest the importance of water vapor in thedevelopment of typhoon Dan.

Flow characteristics by particle image velocimetry in liquefied natural gas vaporizer model with several baffles

Shell-and-tube vaporizers are the most commonly used and dominated types of vaporizers in liquefied natural gas （LNG） realm. Due to efficient performance, shell-side flow in this type of vaporizers has received considerable attention and has been investigated extensively. However, the detailed flow structure in the shell needs to be determined for reliable and effective design. Therefore, the objective of this study was to clarify the flow structure in shell by particle image velocimetry （PIV）. Experiments were conducted using two types of model; 15% baffle cut having inlet and outlet positions !n the direction of 90° to the cut and 30% baffle cut having inlet and outlet positions in the direction of 180° to the cut. Each test section is 169 mm in inner diameter and 344.6 mm in length. The flow features were characterized in different baffle cuts with regards to the velocity vector field and velocity distribution. The results show that the flow characteristics of 15% baffle cut type vaporizer are comparable to those of 30% baffle cut type vaporizer.

Simulation of Vapor Flows Between Two Closed Surfaces of Evaporation and Condensation at High Vacuum

The steady multi component vapor flows between two closed surfaces of evaporation and condensation are investigated numerically by the nonlinear Bhatnagar Gross Krook equation. The mathematical model will make it possible to determine the profiles of the process variables between two surfaces of evaporation and condensation if the conditions of evaporation and condensation surfaces are taken into consideration. It is used to simulate the vapor behaviors of the pure dibutylphthalate and the ethylhexyl phthalate ethylhexyl sebacate mixture. The effects of the liquid composition of the evaporation surface, the evaporation temperature, the condensation temperature and the distance between evaporation and condensation surfaces on the evaporation efficiency and separation factor are discussed.

The Effect of Micro Air Movement on the Heat and Moisture Characteristics of Building Constructions

The research focuses on the effect of air movement through building constructions. Although the typical air movement inside building constructions is quite small （velocity is of order -10-5 m/s）, this research shows the impact on the heat and moisture characteristics. The paper presents a case study on the modeling and simulation of 2D heat and moisture transport with and without air movement for a building construction using a state-of-art multiphysics FEM software tool. Most other heat and moisture related models don＇t include airflow or use a steady airflow through the construction during the simulation period. However, in this model, the wind induced pressure is dynamic and thus also the airflow through the construction is dynamic. For this particular case study, the results indicate that at the intemal surface, the vapor pressure is almost not influenced by both the 2D effect and the wind speed. The temperatures at the inner surface are mostly influenced by the 2D effect. Only at wind pressure differences above 30 Pa, the airflow has a significant effect. At the extemal surface, the temperatttres are not influenced by both the 2D effect and the wind speed. However, the vapor pressure seems to be quite dependent on the wind induced pressure. Overall it is concluded that air movement through building materials seems to have a significant impact on the heat and moisture characteristics. In order to verify this statement and validate the models, new in-depth experiments including air flow through materials are recommended.

Measurement and Prediction of Interfacial Area on a DistiIlation Tray

In this paper the modern electron optical equipment is used to translate the clear image of speed moving bubbles in bubbling liquid on a sieve tray into the digital information stored in computer, and the computer aided image processing technique is utilized to measure the bubble size distributions and interfacial areas under various operating conditions. And the dynamic behavior of bubbles in turbulent liquid is analyzed theoretically; the mechanism of bubble deformation and breakage is explored on the basis of Kolmogoroff′s isotropic turbulence hypothesis; the mathematical model for predicting the gas liquid interfacial area is proposed. The comparison between the simulated results and the experimental data shows that the model is higher in accuracy, simple in form and convenient in use.

Influence of Water Vapor on Silica Membrane： Adsorption Properties and Percolation Effect

The influence of water vapor on silica membrane with pore size of ,-4A has been investigated in terms of adsorption properties and percolation effect at 50 and 90 ℃. Two methods are employed： spectroscopic ellipsometry for water vapor adsorption and gas permeation of binary mixture of helium and H2O The adsorption behaviors on the silica membrane comply with the first-order Langmuir isotherm. The investigation demonstrates that helium flux through the silica membrane decreases dramatically in presence of H20 molecules. The transport of gas molecules through such small pores is believed not to be continuous any more, whereas it is reasonably assumed that the gas molecules hop from one occupied site to another unoccupied one under the potential gradient. When the coverage of H20 molecules on the silica surface increases, the dramatic decrease of helium flux could be related to percolation effect, where the adsorbed H20 molecules on the silica surface block the hopping of helium molecules.

Improvement of Heating Method for Measuring the Wetness of Flowing Wet Steam

In this paper, an improvement of heating method for measuring wetness of the flowing wet steam is developed, the basic principle of the heating method is presented and the mathematical model has been built for analyzing the thermodynamics problezns during the process of heating. Moreover, an instru-ment for measuring wetness of wet steam flow was designed and made out. This instrument has been used for measuring wetness of the wet steam flow at the outlet of the nozzle rig in Thermal TUrbine Laboratory Xi’an Jiaotong University. By analyzing the relative error of the result, it was found that this instrument has fairly high accuracy it can be used as the prototype of practical instrument and has an important applicable value in engineering.

Comparative Study of Convective Heat Transfer Performance of Steam and Air Flow in Rib Roughened Channels

A comparative experimental study of heat transfer characteristics of steam and air flow in rectangular channels roughened with parallel ribs was conducted by using an infrared camera. Effects of Reynolds numbers and rib angles on the steam and air convective heat transfer have been obtained and compared with each other for the Reynolds number from about 4,000 to 15,000. For all the ribbed channels the rib pitch to height ratio(p/e) is 10, and the rib height to the channel hydraulic diameter ratio is 0.078, while the rib angles are varied from 90° to 45°.Based on experimental results, it can be found that, even though the heat transfer distributions of steam and air flow in the ribbed channels are similar to each other, the steam flow can obtain higher convective heat transfer enhancement capability, and the heat transfer enhancement of both the steam and air becomes greater with the rib angle deceasing from 90° to 45°. At Reynolds number of about 12,000, the area-averaged Nusselt numbers of the steam flow is about 13.9%, 14.2%, 19.9% and 23.9% higher than those of the air flow for the rib angles of 90°,75°, 60° and 45° respectively. With the experimental results the correlations for Nusselt number in terms of Reynolds number and rib angle for the steam and air flow in the ribbed channels were developed respectively.