蒸汽模技术及其应用现状分析

对蒸汽模技术的基本原理、应用设备及关键技术进行了分析,阐明了模具温度控制对蒸汽模技术的重要影响,同时分析比较了蒸汽模技术与普通注塑模技术的特点与优势。最后,对蒸汽模技术的发展前景进行了展望。

蒸汽模注塑成形技术的机理及应用研究

解析了蒸汽模注塑成形过程的传热学机理,分析了模具温度在注塑成形过程中的影响;进行了蒸汽模与传统注塑成形工艺原理的对比分析,得出了蒸汽模对消除熔接痕、提高产品表面光泽度等具有作用的应用价值和研究意义。

蒸汽模技术在平板电视面框中的应用

自主研究开发出基于蒸汽模技术工艺原理的温度控制系统,实现了速热速冷的温度控制方法。成功地将该技术应用于平板电视面框生产制造,获得了高光无熔接痕的外观质量,实现了平板电视面框的免喷涂,消除了环境污染。蒸汽模技术具有很好的模具表面复原能力,在注塑生产领域具有广阔的应用前景,在提升我国加工制造能力、提升产品竞争力、实现绿色制造等方面将发挥重要作用。

基于蒸汽模技术的平板电视面框外观质量研究

阐述了传统注射成型技术下,塑件会产生熔接痕、银丝纹等难以避免的缺陷,并分析了这些缺陷产生的原因,着重介绍蒸汽模技术在平板电视面框成型中的应用。

蒸汽模技术及其应用现状分析

本文对蒸汽模技术的基本原理、应用设备及关键技术进行了分析，阐明了模具温度控制对蒸汽模技术的重要影响，同时分析比较了蒸汽模技术与普通注塑模技术的特点与优势。最后，对蒸汽模技术的发展前景进行了展望。

蒸汽直接加热模腔的高光注塑技术研究

提出了蒸汽直接加热模具型腔表面的高光注塑新方法,研制了蒸汽直接加热模具型腔的高光注塑模具及模具温度控制机。该装置将高温蒸汽直接通入模腔,使模腔表面达到所需的温度,然后通入高温干空气,吹除模腔内残留的冷凝水,再注射、保压、冷却、开模,完成一个注塑周期。该方法使动定模模面得到均匀加热,熔融料前锋温度和速度高,且只加热模面以下1～2 mm的模芯,能有效地缩短加热和冷却时间。结果表明,该技术能够有效地解决塑料件的熔接痕、流痕、翘曲、缩水、尺寸变形等缺陷,使塑料件获得极高的表面粗糙度等级,且节省热能,降低相关的模具制造成本。

利用计算机建模优化化工厂蒸汽系统

文章中采用美国能源局开发的蒸汽系统建模器(A.S.T.),为某化工企业蒸汽系统进行计算机建模,通过分析该企业蒸汽系统状况,发现企业蒸汽系统存在的不合理利用状况,提出安装透平机组进行“热电联产”提高企业能源利用率的技术方案,并通过数据模拟确定方案的可行性,为企业完成“十二五”节能量提供技术支持。

基于ISO-PSO的350 MW超临界CFB锅炉主汽温建模研究

针对火电厂目前主蒸汽温度数学模型不准确、不能有效地反应实际生产过程、辨识结果偏差较大等问题,使用学习因子动态调整及随机惯性权重策略改进的二阶振荡粒子群优化(ISO-PSO)算法进行建模。首先,采用学习因子动态调整、随机惯性权重策略对二阶振荡粒子群算法进行改善。测试结果表明,改进算法拥有更好的收敛速度及寻优精度。其次,处理山西某电厂350 MW超临界循环流化床(CFB)锅炉在300 MW工况下采集到的主蒸汽温度数据。最后,对比ISO-PSO算法和粒子群优化(PSO)算法。辨识结果及验证结果表明,ISO-PSO算法辨识的主蒸汽温度模型与实际输出的拟合度更高,能够更加准确、快速地反映主蒸汽温度的变化。所建立的主蒸汽温度模型可以及时跟踪实际曲线。该研究为后续350 MW超临界CFB锅炉主蒸汽温度优化控制研究奠定了良好的基础。

蒸汽辅助精密注塑成型控制系统的设计

本文研究了蒸汽辅助精密注塑成型系统构成，重点研究了模具温度调节系统。通过将该精密注塑成型系统在平板电视机面框成型中的应用．证明了蒸汽辅助精密注塑成型技术在成型周期、质量等方面相对于传统注塑成型技术有明显的优势。

Numerical Study on Flow-induced Noise for a Steam Stop-valve Using Large Eddy Simulation

The noise induced by the fluctuant saturated steam flow under 250 °C in a stop-valve was numerically studied.The simulation was carried out using computational fluid dynamics（CFD） and ACTRAN.The acoustic field was investigated with Lighthill＇s acoustic analogy based on the properties of the flow field obtained using a large-eddy simulation that employs the LES-WALE dynamic model as the sub-grid-scale model.Firstly,the validation of mesh was well conducted,illustrating that two million elements were sufficient in this situation.Secondly,the treatment of the steam was deliberated,and conclusions indicate that when predicting the flow-induced noise of the stop-valve,the steam can be treated as incompressible gas at a low inlet velocity.Thirdly,the flow-induced noises under different inlet velocities were compared.The findings reveal it has remarkable influence on the flow-induced noises.Lastly,whether or not the heat preservation of the wall has influence on the noise was taken into account.The results show that heat preservation of the wall had little influence.

Cold Model Study and Commercial Test on Novel Vapor-Liquid Distributor of Hydroprocessing Reactor

A novel vapor-liquid distributor was developed on the basis of sufficient study on the existing distributors applied in hydroprocessing reactors. The cold model test data showed that the fluid distribution performance of the novel vapor-liquid distributor was evidently better than the traditional one. Com- mercial tests of the new distributor were carded out in the 300 kt/a gas oil hydrotreating reactor at SINOPEC Changling Branch Company, showing that the new vapor-liquid distributor could improve the fluid distribution, promote the hydrotreating efficiency and lead to better performance than the traditional one.

Numerical Simulation of Direct-contact Condensation from a Supersonic Steam Jet in Subcooled Water

The phenomenon of direct-contact condensation,used in steam driven jet injectors,nuclear reactor emergency core cooling systems and direct-contact heat exchangers,was investigated computationally by introducing a thermal equilibrium model for direct-contact condensation of steam in subcooled water.The condensation model presented was a two resistance model which takes care of the heat transfer process on both sides of the interface and uses a variable steam bubble diameter.The injection of supersonic steam jet in subcooled water tank was simulated using the Euler-Euler multiphase flow model of Fluent 6.3 code with the condensation model incorporated. The findings of the computational fluid dynamics（CFD） simulations were compared with the published experimental data and fairly good agreement was observed between the two,thus validating the condensation model.The results of CFD simulations for dimensionless penetration length of steam plume varies from 2.73-7.33,while the condensation heat transfer coefficient varies from 0.75-0.917 MW·（m ^2 ·K）^ -1 for water temperature in the range of 293-343 K.

Transport Process of Isopropanol Aqueous Solution by Pervaporation

To study the transport process of isopropanol aqueous solution by pervaporation, the transport model of isopropanol and that of water at 323 K in polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) membrane were obtained in this paper. Theoretical predictions agreed well with the experimental results. The interactional parameter between water and PVA membrane is less than that between isopropanol and PVA membrane, which shows that water is preferentially dissolved in PVA membrane. The plasticizing coefficient and diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution of water are larger than those of isopropanol, which shows that the dissolution and permeation in PVA membrane of water are greater than those of isopropanol. Both the interactional parameter between water and isopropanol in the membrane and that in feed rise with the increase of isopropanol content in feed, which shows that the larger isopropanol content is, the higher selectivity of the membrane is and the more remarkable separation effect of pervaporation is.

Estimating the Operation Status of Steam Cracking Furnace Using Numerical Simulation with Combustion Models

An accurate and complete geometric model was constructed to simulate the combustion, flow and temperature environment in the radiant section of the steam cracking furnace. Simulation of flow and radiation status has utilized the standard k-ε model and P1 model. The finite-rate/eddy-dissipation (finite-rate/ED) combustion model and non-premixed combustion model were both used to simulate accurately the combustion and the operation status of the steam cracking furnace. Three different surfaces of the steam cracking furnace were obtained from the simulation, namely:the flue gas temperature field of the entrance surface in long flame burners, the central surface location of tubes, and the crossover section surface. Detailed information on the flue gas temperature and the mass concentration fraction of these different surfaces in the steam cracking furnace can also be obtained by the simulation. This paper analyzed and compared the simulation results with the two combustion models, estimated the operation status of the steam cracking furnace, and reported that the finite-rate/ED model is appropriate to simulate the steam cracking furnace by comparing key simulation data with actual test data. This work has also provided a theoretical basis for simulating and operating the steam cracking furnace.

Numerical Investigation on Effect of Vapor Split Ratio to Performance and Operability for Dividing Wall Column

Operability problem of dividing wall column (DWC) raised by vapor split was investigated by numerically analyzing four cases defined by different compositions of a three-component mixture. DWCs were firstly designed for each case by optimizing the vapor split to the two sides of the dividing wall, and then their feasibilities and total annual costs in operation were evaluated against different vapor split ratios. The analysis on the operability of the DWC for four cases was made based on two scenarios: (1) vapor split is shifted by the vapor resistance difference between the column sections in the two sides of the dividing wall and (2) the feed composition is changed. It was demonstrated that the positioning of the dividing wall and the decision on the vapor split may affect significantly the operability of a DWC.

Multi-Physics Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fueled by Methane and Analysis of Carbon Deposition

Internal reformation of low steam methane fuel is important for the high efficiency and low cost operation of solid oxide fuel cell. Understanding and overcoming carbon deposition is crucial for the technology development. Here a multi-physics model is established for the relevant experimental cells. Balance of electrochemical potentials for the electrochemical reactions, generic rate expression for the methane steam reforming, dusty gas model in a form of Fick＇s model for anode gas transport are used in the model. Excellent agreement between the theoretical and experimental current-voltage relations is obtained, demonstrating the validity of the proposed theoretical model. The steam reaction order in low steam methane reforming reaction is found to be 1. Detailed information about the distributions of physical quantities is obtained by the numerical simulation. Carbon deposition is analyzed in detail and the mechanism for the coking inhibition by operating current is illustrated clearly. Two expressions of carbon activity are analyzed and found to be correct qualitatively, but not quantitatively. The role of anode diffusion layer on reducing the current threshold for carbon removal is also explained. It is noted that the current threshold reduction may be explained quantitatively with the carbon activity models that are only qualitatively correct.

Investigation of Calcium Sulfide Regeneration with Steam

Harmless treatment of CaS from coal gas desusulfurization and other industries is of very importance for the environmental protection. In this paper, the experimental investigation of calcium sulfide regeneration with steam at atmospheric pressure was carded out using TGA, fixed bed reactor and SEM-EDX analysis. The results show that the reaction mechanism of CaS with steam varies with temperature. The reaction occurs obviously at the temperature above 630℃ and the dominant products include CaSO4 （or CaSO3） and H2S, as the temperature is over 850℃, the primary products become CaO, SO2 and H2S. The CaS regeneration reaction will strongly depend on the temperature and the data over 900℃ can be fitted by the Shrinking-Core Model （SCM）.

Simulation Studies of the Hydrogen Production from Methanol Partial Oxidation Steam Reforming by a Tubular Packed-bed Catalytic Reactor

Hydrogen production by partial oxidation steam reforming of methanol over a Cu/ZnO/Al2 O3 catalyst has been paid more and more attention. The chemical equilibria involved in the methanol partial oxidation steam reforming reaction network such as methanol partial oxidation, methanol steam reforming, decomposition of methanol and water-gas shift reaction have been examined over the ranges of temperature 473-1073 K under normal pressure. Based on the detailed kinetics of these reactions over a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, and from the basic concept of the effectiveness factor, the intraparticle diffusion limitations were taken into account. The effectiveness factors for each reaction along the bed length were calculated. Then important results were offered for the simulation of this reaction process.

Modeling and Optimization of the Steam Turbine Network of an Ethylene Plant

In this paper,we developed a hybrid model for the steam turbines of a utility system,which combines an improved neural network model with the thermodynamic model.Then,a nonlinear programming(NLP) model of the steam turbine network is formulated by utilizing the developed steam turbine models to minimize the total steam cost for the whole steam turbine network.Finally,this model is applied to optimize the steam turbine network of an ethylene plant.The obtained results demonstrate that this hybrid model can accurately estimate and evaluate the performance of steam turbines,and the significant cost savings can be made by optimizing the steam turbine network operation at no capital cost.

Fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation of charge process in variable-mass thermodynamic system

Abstract： A joint solution model of variabk：-mass flow in two-phase region and fluid-solid coupling heat transfer, concerned about the charge process of variable-mass thermodynamic system, is built up and calculated by the finite element method （FEM）. The results are basically consistent with relative experimental data. The calculated average heat transfer coefficient reaches 1.7~105 W/（m2. K）. When the equal percentage valve is used, the system needs the minimum requirements of valve control, but brings the highest construction cost. With the： decrease of initial steam pressure, the heat transfer intensity also weakens but the steam flow increases. With the initial water filling coefficient increasing or the temperature of steam supply decreasing, the amount of accumulative steam flow increases with the growth of steam pressure. When the pressure of steam supply drops, the steam flow gradient increases during the maximum opening period of control valve, and causes the maximum steam flow to increase.