真空蒸馏预富集-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铂

建立了真空蒸馏预富集-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铅试样中微量铂的方法。在真空条件下,利用Pb和Pt在较高温度下蒸汽压的差别进行分离,富集后的铂溶解制成溶液后进行电感耦合等离子体发射光谱检测,实现了真空密闭回收铅。针对试样的特点,对真空蒸馏方法理论上的可行性进行研究。结果表明:在蒸馏温度为1250K,真空度为30Pa,蒸馏时间为3h条件下,铂的富集分离效果最好,可富集至99.01%以上。线性范围为0.023～20mg/L,检出限(3σ)为0.0069mg/L,对样品测定的相对标准偏差为1.7%(n=6)。用本方法对样品中加入的铂标准溶液进行了测定,回收率为99.8%～103.0%。本方法简便快速、无污染,已应用于废电路板贵金属冶余物料中铂的测定。

真空蒸馏预富集双十二烷基二硫代乙二酰胺光度法测定微量铂钯

采用真空蒸馏预富集、双十二烷基二硫代乙二酰胺（DDO）光度法测定铅锌试样中的铂和钯。在真空条件下,利用铅、锌、铂、钯在较高温度下蒸汽压的差别进行分离,富集后的铂、钯用DDO分光光度法进行测定,且实现了铅和锌真空密闭回收。针对试样的特点,对真空蒸馏方法理论上的可行性进行研究,并得到优化的试验条件。结果表明：真空度为6 Pa、温度为900℃时,对试样蒸馏2 h,锌和铅可基本脱除,分离富集效果最好。方法已应用于废电路板贵金属冶余物料中铂、钯的分析,铂、钯的回收率分别为93.3%-113.3%、99.2%-107.4%,相对标准偏差小于5.0%（n=6）。

冷原子荧光法间接测定水中氰化物

本文详细研究了氰化物蒸馏条件及其稳定性问题，建立了一个冷原子荧光法间接测定水中氰化物的方法，并用于海水及氰化液中痕量ＣＮ－的测定，结果令人满意。ＣＮ－检出限为０．０２μｇ／ｍＬ，回收率９５％～９８％，变异系数７．３％～８．９％。

Enrichment of Semi-Volatile Organic Acids from Aqueous Solutions by Multiple-Effect Membrane Distillation

Multiple-effect membrane distillation （MEMD） process for enriching semi-volatile organic acids from their individual aqueous solutions was performed by using a hollow fiber-based air gap membrane distillation （AGMD） module with the function of internal heat recovery. Aqueous solutions of glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, pyrnvic acid, malonic acid and glutaric acid were used as model feed. For a feed of 1% （mass fraction）, each acid could be enriched for 8--20 times, which depended on the surface tension of the concentrate. The operation performance of MEMD process was characterized by permeation flux J, performance ratio PR and acid rejection rate R. The effects of cold feed-in temperature, heated feed-in temperature, feed-in volumetric flow rate and feed-in concen- tration on MEMD performance were experimentally evaluated. Maximum values of J, PR and R were 4.8 L/（h-m2）, 9.84 and 99.93%, respectively. Moreover, MEMD process demonstrated a fairly good stability in a long-term experiment lasting for 30 d when aqueous solution of 4% （mass fraction） lactic acid was used as a feed.