Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were purified from Porphyra yezoensis Ueda with their bioactivity determined in this study. Continuous precipitation with ammonium sulfate at different concentrations(10%, 20%, 40% and 50...Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were purified from Porphyra yezoensis Ueda with their bioactivity determined in this study. Continuous precipitation with ammonium sulfate at different concentrations(10%, 20%, 40% and 50%) increased the purity(A564:A280) of phycoerythrin to 1.49, 3.92 fold of the raw extract(0.38) and the purity(A615:A280) of phycocyanin to 0.70, 3.33 fold of the raw extract(0.21). Two more times of chromatography with hydroxylapatites finally made the purity of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin reach 5.50, 14.47 fold of the raw extract, and 5.10, 24.29 fold of the raw extract, respectviely. The yield of high purity phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were 0.21% and 0.09% of dried P. yezoensis blade, respectively. The photodynamic cytotoxic experiment showed that both phycoerythrin and phycocyanin inhibited the growth of liver tumor cells significantly. It was found that 250 mg L-1 purified phycoerythrin and phycocyanin inhibited the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells 24 h after laser-irradiation by 80% and 59%, respectively, and 100 mg L-1 purified phycoerythrin and phycocyanin induced the apoptosis of 31.54% and 32.54% of the cells, respectively, 8 h after photodynamic therapy. Oue findings demonstrated that P. yezoensis can serve as photosensitizer(phycoerythrin and phycocyanin) producer.展开更多
The solubility of disperse dyes and their mixture in supercritical carbon dioxide is an important property in study and development of supercritical fluid dyeing technology.In this study,solubilities of C.I.Disperse R...The solubility of disperse dyes and their mixture in supercritical carbon dioxide is an important property in study and development of supercritical fluid dyeing technology.In this study,solubilities of C.I.Disperse Red 73,C.I.Disperse Blue 183 and their mixture in supercritical CO2 are measured at temperatures from 343.2 to 383.2 K and pressures from 12 to 28 MPa with a static recirculation method.Under the experimental conditions for the binary(C.I.Disperse Red 73+CO2 or C.I.Disperse Blue 183+CO2) and ternary(C.I.Disperse Red 73+C.I.Disperse Blue 183+CO2) systems,the solubilities increase with pressure.The solubility of C.I.Disperse Blue 183 decreases with the increase of temperature when the pressure is lower than 16 MPa,and the trend is opposite when the pressure is higher than 16 MPa.However,there is no crossover pressure for C.I.Disperse Red 73.The solubilities are also affected by molecular polarity of dyes.The co-solvent effect exhibited in the dissolving process of mixed dyes promotes their dissolution in supercritical CO2.The experimental data of solubilities of C.I.Disperse Red 73,C.I.Disperse Blue 183,and their mixture are correlated with the Chrastil model and Mendez-Santiago/Teja model. The former is more accurate.展开更多
The intensity of infestation of the epizoic stalked barnacle Octolasmis on the blue crab was calculated for a total of 180 individuals collected around Jeddah, the western Red Sea Saudi coast. More than 90% of the cra...The intensity of infestation of the epizoic stalked barnacle Octolasmis on the blue crab was calculated for a total of 180 individuals collected around Jeddah, the western Red Sea Saudi coast. More than 90% of the crabs were found bearing the Octolasmis at a prevalence rate of 92% and mean intensity of 18.5 ? 18.6(0–127 epibiont per host). The intensity of infestation increased with host size in the range 90–135 mm. Generally, females were more infested(69%) than the males(31%). Octolasmis angulata occurred mostly on the gills, and the lower side of the gill chambers was more infested(84%) than the upper side(16%) and the left side of gills was also more infested than the right side in both males and females. Further studies are still needed to examine the commensal relationship and its impact on the fishery market of the Red Sea blue crab populations.展开更多
The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on three soil amendments,red mud from Hungary, rd mud from UK and beringite from Belgium, wasstudied to determine the surface areas of the amendments using a0.005 mol L^-1 NaCl so...The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on three soil amendments,red mud from Hungary, rd mud from UK and beringite from Belgium, wasstudied to determine the surface areas of the amendments using a0.005 mol L^-1 NaCl solution and deionised water as backgroundsolutions. The surface areas determined by the methylene blue methodin the 0.005 mol L^-1 NaCl solution were 3.357, 2.340 and 5.576 m^2g^-1 for red mud (Hungary), red mud (UK) and beringite, respectively,slightly lower than those in the deionised water system.展开更多
We evaluated the effects of red and blue light on the repair of UV-B radiation-induced damage in tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm. Tetraspores of C. ocellatus were treated with different UV-B radiation levels(0,...We evaluated the effects of red and blue light on the repair of UV-B radiation-induced damage in tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm. Tetraspores of C. ocellatus were treated with different UV-B radiation levels(0,36,72,108,144 and 180 J/m2),and thereafter subjected to PAR,darkness,or red or blue light during a 2-h repair stage,each day for 48 days. The diameters and cellular contents of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers(CPDs),chlorophyll a(Chl a),phycoerythrin,and UV-B-absorbing mycosporinelike amino acids(MAAs) contents of the tetraspores were determined. Our results show that low doses of UV-B radiation(36 and 72 J/m 2) promoted the growth of C. ocellatus; however,increased UV-B radiation gradually reduced the C. ocellatus growth(greater than 72 J/m2). The MAAs(palythine and asterina-330) in C. ocellatus were detected and analyzed by LC/MS. Our results suggest that moderate red light could induce the growth of this alga in aquaculture. In addition,photorepair was inhibited by red light,so there may be some other DNA repair mechanism activated by red light. Blue light promoted the activity of DNA photolyase,greatly improving remediation efficiency. Red and blue lights were found to reduce the capacity of C. ocellatus to form MAAs. Therefore,PAR,red light,and blue light play different roles during the repair processes for damage induced by UV-B radiation.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity, if any, of the permitted synthetic food colorants used in India. Eight synthetic food colorants namely Erythrosine （E 127）, Tartrazine （E 102）, Ponceau 4R （E 12...A study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity, if any, of the permitted synthetic food colorants used in India. Eight synthetic food colorants namely Erythrosine （E 127）, Tartrazine （E 102）, Ponceau 4R （E 124）, Sunset Yellow FCF （E 110）, Brilliant Blue FCF （E133）, Fast Green FCF （E143）, Carmoisine （E122） and Indigo Carmine （E132） and their combination are used in sweets namely Ladu, Jilebi and Halwa in Calicut and suburban areas of Kerala, in India. The genotoxicity of the colorants alone and in combinations at different concentrations were evaluated by Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus （CBMN） Assay. It was observed that all the above colorants and their combinations could cause genotoxicity to human lymphocytes even at the permissible concentration of 100 ppm as per PFA （Prevention of Food Adulteration） Act of India. The toxicity varied from dye to dye and was proportional to their concentration. Combination of colors showed more toxicity than the individual components. Toxicity could be reduced drastically by reducing the concentration of the dyes at least 50% below the permissible limit. Permitted synthetic food colorants even at the permissible limit should be used with caution. This study demonstrated the need for redefining the permissible limit of the food colorants based on Admissible Daily Intake （ADI） as being practiced in developed countries.展开更多
The results of a laboratory-scale study of an environmentally friendly water treatment method are presented, where the dyes in the industrial textile wastewater were removed by photocatalytic process. ZnO-TiO2 nanopar...The results of a laboratory-scale study of an environmentally friendly water treatment method are presented, where the dyes in the industrial textile wastewater were removed by photocatalytic process. ZnO-TiO2 nanoparticles as photocatalyst has been prepared via sol-gel technique. Several factors were studied in order to find the conditions that could be used to synthesize this photocatalyst for optimum degradation of Indigo Carmine dye in aqueous solutions. The optimum condition for preparation of ZnO-TiO2 mixed oxide are 1.5 TiO2/ZnO, 4 C2HsOH/TIP, 4 H20/TIP, 0.3 HNO3/TIP molar ratios, without aging, 550 ℃ calcination temperature for 5 hrs at which the surface area and the photocatalytic activity are 186.1 m^2/g and 96.1, respectively. Generally, the photocatalytic activity of the samples prepared by sol-gel technique is the highest activity. Details of the synthesis procedure and results of the characterization studies of the produced xerogel are presented in this paper.展开更多
Two sets of experiments were conducted to study the chemical composition, mineralization and availability of nutrients （particularly N） of Azolla biomass and cyanohacteria blooms in submerged rice soil. One set of e...Two sets of experiments were conducted to study the chemical composition, mineralization and availability of nutrients （particularly N） of Azolla biomass and cyanohacteria blooms in submerged rice soil. One set of experiment was conducted with Azolla without soil and the other with both Azolla and cyaobacteria with soil, in laboratory condition. Large samples were collected from the rice fields. The study shows that Azolla and cyanobacterial biomass contain good amounts of C, N, P and Ca. The chemical analysis of oxidizable C, total N, P and Ca showed that Azolla biomass contain 20.7% oxidizable C, which is higher than the cyanobacterial biomass （9.18%）. The N content in Azolla biomass was found to be 4.32%, than that of cyanobacterial biomass, i.e., 2.57%, however, P and Ca contents were also found to be higher in Azolla averaging to 124.83 ppm and 345.3 mg/100 g, respectively than cyanobacteria. The leachate analysis revealed that Azolla biomass release about 39.18% to 64.48% oxidizable C and about 19.23% to 33% N after 45 days of incorporation of soil dilution. Incorporation of Azolla and cyanobacterial biomass N@ 100 kg/ha significantly improved the oxidizable organic C, total as well as available N content in soil up to 75 days of incubation. Due to the incorporation of Azolla in soil, oxidizable organic C increased 25.51%, total N 4.10% and available N 47.65%. Almost similar trend of increase was also observed with the incorporation of cyanobacterial blooms.展开更多
A new Eu（III） complex, EuL3（phen）, was synthesized, where L is the abbreviation of de- protonated 1-（7-（tert-butyl）-9-ethyl-gH-carbazol-2-yl）-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l,3-dione （HL）, phen is the abbreviation of...A new Eu（III） complex, EuL3（phen）, was synthesized, where L is the abbreviation of de- protonated 1-（7-（tert-butyl）-9-ethyl-gH-carbazol-2-yl）-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l,3-dione （HL）, phen is the abbreviation of 1,10-phenanthroline. The Eu（III） complex was characterized by element analysis, IR, 1H NMR, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric anal- ysis （TGA）, and photoluminescence measurements （PL）. TGA shows that thermal stability of the complex is up to 325 ~C. PL measurement indicates that the Eu（III） complex exhibits intense red-emission and extends their excitation bands to visible region. LEDs device was successfully fabricated by precoating complex EuL3 （phen） onto 460 nm blue-emitting InGaN chip. The emission of device shows that the complex can act as red phosphor in combination with 460 nm blue-emitting chips. This europium complex based on 1-（7-（tert-butyl）-9- ethyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl）-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l,3-dione is a kind of interesting red-emitting material excited by blue light, which could avoid the damage of excitation by UV light.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program (2012BAC07B03)Shanghai Universities First-class Disciplines Project,Discipline name: Marine Science and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Preponderant Subject Program #S30701)Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center (ZF1206)
文摘Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were purified from Porphyra yezoensis Ueda with their bioactivity determined in this study. Continuous precipitation with ammonium sulfate at different concentrations(10%, 20%, 40% and 50%) increased the purity(A564:A280) of phycoerythrin to 1.49, 3.92 fold of the raw extract(0.38) and the purity(A615:A280) of phycocyanin to 0.70, 3.33 fold of the raw extract(0.21). Two more times of chromatography with hydroxylapatites finally made the purity of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin reach 5.50, 14.47 fold of the raw extract, and 5.10, 24.29 fold of the raw extract, respectviely. The yield of high purity phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were 0.21% and 0.09% of dried P. yezoensis blade, respectively. The photodynamic cytotoxic experiment showed that both phycoerythrin and phycocyanin inhibited the growth of liver tumor cells significantly. It was found that 250 mg L-1 purified phycoerythrin and phycocyanin inhibited the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells 24 h after laser-irradiation by 80% and 59%, respectively, and 100 mg L-1 purified phycoerythrin and phycocyanin induced the apoptosis of 31.54% and 32.54% of the cells, respectively, 8 h after photodynamic therapy. Oue findings demonstrated that P. yezoensis can serve as photosensitizer(phycoerythrin and phycocyanin) producer.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province（M203035）
文摘The solubility of disperse dyes and their mixture in supercritical carbon dioxide is an important property in study and development of supercritical fluid dyeing technology.In this study,solubilities of C.I.Disperse Red 73,C.I.Disperse Blue 183 and their mixture in supercritical CO2 are measured at temperatures from 343.2 to 383.2 K and pressures from 12 to 28 MPa with a static recirculation method.Under the experimental conditions for the binary(C.I.Disperse Red 73+CO2 or C.I.Disperse Blue 183+CO2) and ternary(C.I.Disperse Red 73+C.I.Disperse Blue 183+CO2) systems,the solubilities increase with pressure.The solubility of C.I.Disperse Blue 183 decreases with the increase of temperature when the pressure is lower than 16 MPa,and the trend is opposite when the pressure is higher than 16 MPa.However,there is no crossover pressure for C.I.Disperse Red 73.The solubilities are also affected by molecular polarity of dyes.The co-solvent effect exhibited in the dissolving process of mixed dyes promotes their dissolution in supercritical CO2.The experimental data of solubilities of C.I.Disperse Red 73,C.I.Disperse Blue 183,and their mixture are correlated with the Chrastil model and Mendez-Santiago/Teja model. The former is more accurate.
文摘The intensity of infestation of the epizoic stalked barnacle Octolasmis on the blue crab was calculated for a total of 180 individuals collected around Jeddah, the western Red Sea Saudi coast. More than 90% of the crabs were found bearing the Octolasmis at a prevalence rate of 92% and mean intensity of 18.5 ? 18.6(0–127 epibiont per host). The intensity of infestation increased with host size in the range 90–135 mm. Generally, females were more infested(69%) than the males(31%). Octolasmis angulata occurred mostly on the gills, and the lower side of the gill chambers was more infested(84%) than the upper side(16%) and the left side of gills was also more infested than the right side in both males and females. Further studies are still needed to examine the commensal relationship and its impact on the fishery market of the Red Sea blue crab populations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.49831070 and 49971046).
文摘The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on three soil amendments,red mud from Hungary, rd mud from UK and beringite from Belgium, wasstudied to determine the surface areas of the amendments using a0.005 mol L^-1 NaCl solution and deionised water as backgroundsolutions. The surface areas determined by the methylene blue methodin the 0.005 mol L^-1 NaCl solution were 3.357, 2.340 and 5.576 m^2g^-1 for red mud (Hungary), red mud (UK) and beringite, respectively,slightly lower than those in the deionised water system.
基金Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-05-0597)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30270258)
文摘We evaluated the effects of red and blue light on the repair of UV-B radiation-induced damage in tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm. Tetraspores of C. ocellatus were treated with different UV-B radiation levels(0,36,72,108,144 and 180 J/m2),and thereafter subjected to PAR,darkness,or red or blue light during a 2-h repair stage,each day for 48 days. The diameters and cellular contents of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers(CPDs),chlorophyll a(Chl a),phycoerythrin,and UV-B-absorbing mycosporinelike amino acids(MAAs) contents of the tetraspores were determined. Our results show that low doses of UV-B radiation(36 and 72 J/m 2) promoted the growth of C. ocellatus; however,increased UV-B radiation gradually reduced the C. ocellatus growth(greater than 72 J/m2). The MAAs(palythine and asterina-330) in C. ocellatus were detected and analyzed by LC/MS. Our results suggest that moderate red light could induce the growth of this alga in aquaculture. In addition,photorepair was inhibited by red light,so there may be some other DNA repair mechanism activated by red light. Blue light promoted the activity of DNA photolyase,greatly improving remediation efficiency. Red and blue lights were found to reduce the capacity of C. ocellatus to form MAAs. Therefore,PAR,red light,and blue light play different roles during the repair processes for damage induced by UV-B radiation.
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity, if any, of the permitted synthetic food colorants used in India. Eight synthetic food colorants namely Erythrosine （E 127）, Tartrazine （E 102）, Ponceau 4R （E 124）, Sunset Yellow FCF （E 110）, Brilliant Blue FCF （E133）, Fast Green FCF （E143）, Carmoisine （E122） and Indigo Carmine （E132） and their combination are used in sweets namely Ladu, Jilebi and Halwa in Calicut and suburban areas of Kerala, in India. The genotoxicity of the colorants alone and in combinations at different concentrations were evaluated by Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus （CBMN） Assay. It was observed that all the above colorants and their combinations could cause genotoxicity to human lymphocytes even at the permissible concentration of 100 ppm as per PFA （Prevention of Food Adulteration） Act of India. The toxicity varied from dye to dye and was proportional to their concentration. Combination of colors showed more toxicity than the individual components. Toxicity could be reduced drastically by reducing the concentration of the dyes at least 50% below the permissible limit. Permitted synthetic food colorants even at the permissible limit should be used with caution. This study demonstrated the need for redefining the permissible limit of the food colorants based on Admissible Daily Intake （ADI） as being practiced in developed countries.
文摘The results of a laboratory-scale study of an environmentally friendly water treatment method are presented, where the dyes in the industrial textile wastewater were removed by photocatalytic process. ZnO-TiO2 nanoparticles as photocatalyst has been prepared via sol-gel technique. Several factors were studied in order to find the conditions that could be used to synthesize this photocatalyst for optimum degradation of Indigo Carmine dye in aqueous solutions. The optimum condition for preparation of ZnO-TiO2 mixed oxide are 1.5 TiO2/ZnO, 4 C2HsOH/TIP, 4 H20/TIP, 0.3 HNO3/TIP molar ratios, without aging, 550 ℃ calcination temperature for 5 hrs at which the surface area and the photocatalytic activity are 186.1 m^2/g and 96.1, respectively. Generally, the photocatalytic activity of the samples prepared by sol-gel technique is the highest activity. Details of the synthesis procedure and results of the characterization studies of the produced xerogel are presented in this paper.
文摘Two sets of experiments were conducted to study the chemical composition, mineralization and availability of nutrients （particularly N） of Azolla biomass and cyanohacteria blooms in submerged rice soil. One set of experiment was conducted with Azolla without soil and the other with both Azolla and cyaobacteria with soil, in laboratory condition. Large samples were collected from the rice fields. The study shows that Azolla and cyanobacterial biomass contain good amounts of C, N, P and Ca. The chemical analysis of oxidizable C, total N, P and Ca showed that Azolla biomass contain 20.7% oxidizable C, which is higher than the cyanobacterial biomass （9.18%）. The N content in Azolla biomass was found to be 4.32%, than that of cyanobacterial biomass, i.e., 2.57%, however, P and Ca contents were also found to be higher in Azolla averaging to 124.83 ppm and 345.3 mg/100 g, respectively than cyanobacteria. The leachate analysis revealed that Azolla biomass release about 39.18% to 64.48% oxidizable C and about 19.23% to 33% N after 45 days of incorporation of soil dilution. Incorporation of Azolla and cyanobacterial biomass N@ 100 kg/ha significantly improved the oxidizable organic C, total as well as available N content in soil up to 75 days of incubation. Due to the incorporation of Azolla in soil, oxidizable organic C increased 25.51%, total N 4.10% and available N 47.65%. Almost similar trend of increase was also observed with the incorporation of cyanobacterial blooms.
文摘A new Eu（III） complex, EuL3（phen）, was synthesized, where L is the abbreviation of de- protonated 1-（7-（tert-butyl）-9-ethyl-gH-carbazol-2-yl）-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l,3-dione （HL）, phen is the abbreviation of 1,10-phenanthroline. The Eu（III） complex was characterized by element analysis, IR, 1H NMR, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric anal- ysis （TGA）, and photoluminescence measurements （PL）. TGA shows that thermal stability of the complex is up to 325 ~C. PL measurement indicates that the Eu（III） complex exhibits intense red-emission and extends their excitation bands to visible region. LEDs device was successfully fabricated by precoating complex EuL3 （phen） onto 460 nm blue-emitting InGaN chip. The emission of device shows that the complex can act as red phosphor in combination with 460 nm blue-emitting chips. This europium complex based on 1-（7-（tert-butyl）-9- ethyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl）-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l,3-dione is a kind of interesting red-emitting material excited by blue light, which could avoid the damage of excitation by UV light.
