蔗田污染物过硫酸铵和甲胺磷的快速精准检测方法探讨

目前蔗田农药化肥残留问题严重,急需寻找灵敏快捷的检测方法。本文基于蚕豆根尖微核试验检测蔗田污染物过硫酸铵和甲胺磷的诱变能力,研究不同浓度的过硫酸铵和甲胺磷对蚕豆根尖细胞的诱变力,反映两者对蔗田污染的程度。实验对不同浓度的过硫酸铵和甲胺磷溶液处理的蚕豆根尖进行微核检测,并设置对照组。研究发现低浓度(1×10^-1~1×10^2 mg/L)的硫酸铵染毒处理的蚕豆根尖的微核千分率与对照组无显著差别,而稍高浓度组(1×10^2~1×10^4 mg/L)则显著高于对照组。不同浓度的甲胺磷处理发现,浓度大于0.2 g/L之后,蚕豆根尖微核率快速增加。结果表明:以过硫酸铵和甲胺磷为例的蔗田污染物在一定程度上对生物体具有遗传毒性,且其毒害程度与污染物的浓度呈正相关。因此,基于蚕豆根尖微核技术检测蔗田污染物,为农业生产上安全合理使用农药和污染治理提供科学依据。

Selection of Sugar Cane Varieties with a Low Heavy Metal Accumulation Ability for the Ecological Remediation of Contaminated Farmland

How to best use farmland contaminated with low to moderate levels of heavy metals remains a challenge in many parts of the world. Here, we screened sugar cane varieties to identify those with a low ability to accumulate heavy metals and with high tolerance. These trials were conducted in arsenic （As）, lead （Pb） and Cadmium （Cd） contaminated farmland in Huanjiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. We tested seven varieties and found that cultivar Guiyin9 had the highest cane stem yield （187.5t ha-1 ） and sugar content （27t ha-1 ）. The concentrations of As, Pb and Cd in the cane juice of Guiyin9 were all below the maximum limit for contaminants in food. Because Guiyin9 showed low accumulation of the heavy metals tested here and produced a high cane stem yield, this cultivar could be planted as a valuable crop in large areas of southern China contaminated with low to moderate levels of heavy metals.