浅谈博物馆类型划分依据及分类标准制度建设的思考

社会稳定、科技发展带动了博物馆事业的前进,博物馆的数量不断增加,多元化的办馆主体也不断补充着传统博物馆的固有类型,从而使博物馆类型划分成为博物馆学研究的重要课题。博物馆类型划分有利于深刻认知和掌握博物馆自身的特点和工作规律,促进博物馆事业合理布局及统筹协调发展,也需要分类标准制度的建设。通过总结对比中外博物馆多种类型划分依据,重点分析总结一些国家在藏品类型划分依据方面的实践,可以得出以藏品性质为划分依据是各国最基础也是最复杂的博物馆分类方法。结合中国博物馆实情,提出建立博物馆分类标准制度的必要性和分类标准建设的建议,可为博物馆的类型学研究提供参考。

Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Nutritional Components of Twenty-four-month-old Tibetan Goats

[Objective] This study was conducted to understand goat germplasm char- acteristics. [Method] With some 24-month-old males and females Tibet goats as experimental materials, a slaughter experiment was carried out to determine their slaughter performance, muscle quality and muscle nutritional components. [Result] The body weights of males and females before slaughter were （20.16±1.26） and （19.33±4.86） kg, respectively; the dressing percentages of males and females were （43.86±1.74）% and （44.08±5.46）%, respectively; the meat percentages were （32.43± 1.52）% and （32.72±3.97）%, respectively; and the meat production rates of carcass were （73.28±0.09）% and （73.16±0.85）%, respectively. There were less differences in carcass measurements, carcass segmentation, muscle quality, muscle fiber charac- teristics, muscle nutritional components, muscle mineral contents and heavy metal contents between males and females, while eye muscle area and hind leg meat weight of males were significantly higher than those of females. In muscles of males and females, 18 amino acids were detected totally, EAA/TAA values were （39.23±0.24）% and （38.70±0.15）%, respectively, and EAA/NEAA values were （64.73± 0.65）% and （63.17±0.41）%, respectively. [Conclusion] This study lays a foundation for overall understanding of germplasm characteristics of Tibetan goats.

Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Muscle Nutrients of Twelve-month-old Tibetan Goat

This study aimed to study the germplasm characteristics of Tibetan goat distributed in Sichuan. Three male and three female goats of twelve-month-old Ti-betan goat were selected, and they were slaughtered for analysis of slaughter per-formance, muscle quality and muscle nutrients. The results showed that the pre-slaughter body weights, dressing percentages, meat percentages and carcass meat production rates of male and female Tibetan goats were （14.33±1.53） and （12.50±2.18） kg, （42.11±5.26）% and （43.85±4.51）%, （31.34±3.36）% and （32.84±3.16）%, and （72.34±0.54）% and （72.30±0.78）%, respectively. There were smal differences in car-cass size, carcass segmentation, muscle fiber properties, muscle quality, muscle nu-tritional composition, muscle minerals contents and muscle heavy metals contents between male and female Tibetan goats. A total of 18 kinds of amino acids were detected in the muscle of male and female Tibetan goats. The EAA/TAA ratios and EAA/NEAA ratios of male and female Tibetan goats were （39.18＆#177;0.38）%and （38.70±0.72）%, and （64.31±1.03）% and （63.21±1.92）%, respectively.

Effects of Nitrogen-controlled Atmosphere Storage on the Quality of Ordinary Late Japonica Rice

Nitrogen-controlled atmosphere has been internationally recognized as a green grain storage technology.This study used Jiangsu ordinary late japonica rice as the test material and investigated the effects of different nitrogen concentrations(88%,93%,and 98%)and different storage temperatures(10,20,and 30℃)on the rice quality indexes during nitrogen-controlled atmosphere storage.The results showed that the water content of rice in different nitrogen-controlled atmosphere groups fluctuated between 12.85%~13.15%at 20℃,which was significantly lower than that in the control group.High-concentration nitrogen-controlled atmosphere treatment(93%and 98%)effectively slowed down the fatty acid value,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and electrical conductivity of rice,and also significantly inhibited the rapid increase in the final viscosity and water absorption of rice starch,while the changes in the peak viscosity and attenuation value of rice were not significantly different from those of the control group.Meanwhile,the impacts of controlled atmosphere storage with 98%nitrogen concentration on the water content,fatty acid value,MDA content,electrical conductivity,gelatinization characteristics,and water absorption of rice at 10,20,and 30℃were studied.It was found that all quality parameters,except the MDA content,changed most gently at 10℃.In conclusion,the combined treatment of nitrogen-controlled atmosphere storage(98%)and low temperature(10℃)can effectively delay the quality deterioration of ordinary late japonica rice.

Effect of Different Storage Periods on Egg Quality Traits of Ducks

The present study was conducted in each 20 eggs stored at 65 °F with 75% relative humidity, for a period of 5 weeks （T-I） 4 weeks （T-2）, 3 weeks （T-3）, 2 weeks （T-4） and 1 week （T-5） with broad end up. The external qualities of eggs like egg weight, length, width and volume were measured. After recording the external qualities the eggs were broken on a glass plate for studying the internal qualities. Storage period had no statistically significant effect on egg weight （g）, egg volume （%）, shell thickness （mm）, shell weight （g） and shell percentage. Egg weight values determined in this present study was between 61.10 and 64.91 g. The egg volume （%）, egg shell thickness （mm）, shell weight （g） and shell percentage for different storage periods were 87.46 and 98.52, 0.28 and 0.34 5.29 and 5.98; and 8.16 and 9.44 respectively. Yolk weight （g）, yolk percentage and albumen percentage was significantly affected （P 〈 0.01） by storage period and the values ranging between 32.20 and 36.40, 48.59 and 58.53 and 32.01 and 43.24 respectively. Storage period had no statistically significant effects on egg shape index and specific gravity. The storage periods on yolk index, yolk colour, albumen index and Haugh unit were statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. Yolk index value decreased significantly when storage period was lengthened. This study concluded that yolk index, yolk colour, albumen index, albumen percentage and Haugh unit were decreased with increase in storage time.