We conducted this study to assess the diversity of bacteria associated with the surfaces of algae based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses.Twelve strains of bacteria were obtained from the surfaces of the following four sp...We conducted this study to assess the diversity of bacteria associated with the surfaces of algae based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses.Twelve strains of bacteria were obtained from the surfaces of the following four species of algae:Gracilaria textorii,Ulva pertusa,Laminaria japonica,and Polysiphonia urceolata.The isolated strains of bacteria can be divided into two groups:Halomonas and Vibrio,in physiology,biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analyses.The phylogenetic tree constructed based on 16S rDNA sequences of the isolates shows four obvious clusters,Halomonas venusta,Vibrio tasmaniensis,Vibrio lentus,and Vibrio splendidus.Isolates from the surface of P.urceolata are more abundant and diverse,of which strains P9 and P28 have a 16S rDNA sequence very similar(97.5%-99.8%) to that of V.splendidus.On the contrary,the isolates from the surfaces of G.textorii,U.pertusa and L.japonica are quite simple and distribute on different branches of the phylogenetic tree.In overall,the results of this study indicate that the genetic relationships among the isolates are quite close and display a certain level of host species specificity,and alga-associated bacteria species are algal species specific.展开更多
2,5,6-Tribromo-l-methylgramine （TBG）, isolated from bryozoan Zoobotryon pellucidum was shown to be very efficient in preventing recruitment of larval settlement. In order to improve the compatibility of TBG and its ...2,5,6-Tribromo-l-methylgramine （TBG）, isolated from bryozoan Zoobotryon pellucidum was shown to be very efficient in preventing recruitment of larval settlement. In order to improve the compatibility of TBG and its analogues with other ingredients in antifouling paints, structural modification of TBG was focused mainly on halogen substitution and N-substitution. Two halogen-substitute gramines and their derivatives which contain ester functional groups at N-position of gramines were synthesized. Algal inhibition activities of the synthesized compounds against algae Nitzschia cIosterium were evaluated and the Median Effective Concentration （EC50） range was 1.06-6.74 lag ml^-1. Compounds that had a long chain ester group exhibited extremely high antifouling activity. Quantitive Structure Activity Relationship （QSAR） studies with multiple linear regression analysis were applied to fred correlation between different calculated molecular descriptors and biological activity of the synthesized compounds. The results show that the toxicity （log （I/EC50）） is correlated well with the partition coefficient log P. Thus, these products have potential function as antifouling agents.展开更多
Water release operation is crucial for water quality in large reservoirs such as Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),because it determines the hydrodynamics and hence the self-purification capability.As algal blooms were ofte...Water release operation is crucial for water quality in large reservoirs such as Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),because it determines the hydrodynamics and hence the self-purification capability.As algal blooms were often observed in some tributary bays of TGR during the release periods,high frequency field observations were carried out in a typical eutrophic tributary bay(Xiangxi River) from February 9 to May 10,2009.In this paper we assess the hydrodynamic behaviour,density stratification,and trophic status in this bay,respectively using a series of observations for flow,physical,chemical and biological parameters.Then,we analyze the effects of reservoir release operations on algal blooms using correlation analysis method.An empirical prognosis is concluded for the likelihood of algal bloom occurrence as a function of daily fluctuation of water level(DFWL) and water temperature.Our results indicate that during the release period,the algal bloom occurrences are closely tied to the DFWL in that if the ratio of DFWL to total water depth ranges from -10×10-4 to 0,the possibility of algal blooms may reach up to 70%,and if the ratio is less than -10×10-4,then that risk can be significantly reduced to less than 10%.This paper finally suggests that a wave-type water release operation should be beneficial in reducing bloom frequencies in the tributary water bodies,which is helpful for TGR water quality management,especially for the water release operation optimization.展开更多
Among water blooms,cyanobacteria bloom occurs over the widest range and is much more harmful than other blooms.Its occurrence in inland water bodies is affected by many factors,such as meteorology,hydrology,and human ...Among water blooms,cyanobacteria bloom occurs over the widest range and is much more harmful than other blooms.Its occurrence in inland water bodies is affected by many factors,such as meteorology,hydrology,and human activities.Therefore,the study of the causes of cyanobacterial bloom has become a major focus of scholars.The China Knowledge Network Journal Database contains 143 papers from China and abroad from the years 2004 to 2019 that are relevant to the study of cyanobacteria bloom.We begin by analyzing keywords in these studies and creating a keyword distribution map which indicates the factors related to the blooms.Based on parameters such as the frequency of words appearing in the text,the full text of each of the 143 papers is analyzed to form a word cloud created by a program written in Python language.After irrelevant terms are eliminated,the word cloud map can reveal potential factors that were not identified by keywords alone.After completing this macro analysis,we examined approximately 100 related papers from the China Knowledge Network Journal Database and Web of Science Database published from 2014 to 2019.Finally,we summarize the main reasons for the outbreak of water blooms.The factors causing blooms can be divided into natural factors and human factors.Among the natural factors are illumination,water temperature and nutrient salt conditions.The human factors are generally related to large-scale water conservancy projects.This paper analyzes and summarizes these factors,and provides a reference to aid in the prevention and treatment of algal blooms.The information in the paper has a certain practical significance for the protection of water environments.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40376048)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No 2006CB400604)
文摘We conducted this study to assess the diversity of bacteria associated with the surfaces of algae based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses.Twelve strains of bacteria were obtained from the surfaces of the following four species of algae:Gracilaria textorii,Ulva pertusa,Laminaria japonica,and Polysiphonia urceolata.The isolated strains of bacteria can be divided into two groups:Halomonas and Vibrio,in physiology,biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analyses.The phylogenetic tree constructed based on 16S rDNA sequences of the isolates shows four obvious clusters,Halomonas venusta,Vibrio tasmaniensis,Vibrio lentus,and Vibrio splendidus.Isolates from the surface of P.urceolata are more abundant and diverse,of which strains P9 and P28 have a 16S rDNA sequence very similar(97.5%-99.8%) to that of V.splendidus.On the contrary,the isolates from the surfaces of G.textorii,U.pertusa and L.japonica are quite simple and distribute on different branches of the phylogenetic tree.In overall,the results of this study indicate that the genetic relationships among the isolates are quite close and display a certain level of host species specificity,and alga-associated bacteria species are algal species specific.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50673085, 20060423017, A1420080191)National High-Technology Research Program of China (863 Program, No. 2006AA09Z224)
文摘2,5,6-Tribromo-l-methylgramine （TBG）, isolated from bryozoan Zoobotryon pellucidum was shown to be very efficient in preventing recruitment of larval settlement. In order to improve the compatibility of TBG and its analogues with other ingredients in antifouling paints, structural modification of TBG was focused mainly on halogen substitution and N-substitution. Two halogen-substitute gramines and their derivatives which contain ester functional groups at N-position of gramines were synthesized. Algal inhibition activities of the synthesized compounds against algae Nitzschia cIosterium were evaluated and the Median Effective Concentration （EC50） range was 1.06-6.74 lag ml^-1. Compounds that had a long chain ester group exhibited extremely high antifouling activity. Quantitive Structure Activity Relationship （QSAR） studies with multiple linear regression analysis were applied to fred correlation between different calculated molecular descriptors and biological activity of the synthesized compounds. The results show that the toxicity （log （I/EC50）） is correlated well with the partition coefficient log P. Thus, these products have potential function as antifouling agents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 50779028, 41001348)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No 50925932)
文摘Water release operation is crucial for water quality in large reservoirs such as Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),because it determines the hydrodynamics and hence the self-purification capability.As algal blooms were often observed in some tributary bays of TGR during the release periods,high frequency field observations were carried out in a typical eutrophic tributary bay(Xiangxi River) from February 9 to May 10,2009.In this paper we assess the hydrodynamic behaviour,density stratification,and trophic status in this bay,respectively using a series of observations for flow,physical,chemical and biological parameters.Then,we analyze the effects of reservoir release operations on algal blooms using correlation analysis method.An empirical prognosis is concluded for the likelihood of algal bloom occurrence as a function of daily fluctuation of water level(DFWL) and water temperature.Our results indicate that during the release period,the algal bloom occurrences are closely tied to the DFWL in that if the ratio of DFWL to total water depth ranges from -10×10-4 to 0,the possibility of algal blooms may reach up to 70%,and if the ratio is less than -10×10-4,then that risk can be significantly reduced to less than 10%.This paper finally suggests that a wave-type water release operation should be beneficial in reducing bloom frequencies in the tributary water bodies,which is helpful for TGR water quality management,especially for the water release operation optimization.
基金Development and Testing Project of Algal Bloom Remote Sensing Processing Module(2018-S018)。
文摘Among water blooms,cyanobacteria bloom occurs over the widest range and is much more harmful than other blooms.Its occurrence in inland water bodies is affected by many factors,such as meteorology,hydrology,and human activities.Therefore,the study of the causes of cyanobacterial bloom has become a major focus of scholars.The China Knowledge Network Journal Database contains 143 papers from China and abroad from the years 2004 to 2019 that are relevant to the study of cyanobacteria bloom.We begin by analyzing keywords in these studies and creating a keyword distribution map which indicates the factors related to the blooms.Based on parameters such as the frequency of words appearing in the text,the full text of each of the 143 papers is analyzed to form a word cloud created by a program written in Python language.After irrelevant terms are eliminated,the word cloud map can reveal potential factors that were not identified by keywords alone.After completing this macro analysis,we examined approximately 100 related papers from the China Knowledge Network Journal Database and Web of Science Database published from 2014 to 2019.Finally,we summarize the main reasons for the outbreak of water blooms.The factors causing blooms can be divided into natural factors and human factors.Among the natural factors are illumination,water temperature and nutrient salt conditions.The human factors are generally related to large-scale water conservancy projects.This paper analyzes and summarizes these factors,and provides a reference to aid in the prevention and treatment of algal blooms.The information in the paper has a certain practical significance for the protection of water environments.
