蘑菇培养土生物炭堆肥化利用及其对水稻生长的影响

为尝试将蘑菇培养土制成生物炭来改善生物肥料的品质,重点考察了添加蘑菇培养土生物炭对猪粪堆肥的物化特性影响。结果表明:在500℃下热解制备的蘑菇培养土生物炭分别以0%、5%、10%、15%(W/W)的比例与猪粪混合堆肥后,显著降低了堆肥的电导率、初始含水率和有机物的损失量;堆肥中Ca与K的含量与添加生物炭没有太大的相关性,N的含量与生物炭添加比例具有很好的正相关性,P与Mg的改变量则随着生物炭添加比例的增加呈现下降趋势。水稻栽培实验结果表明施用生物炭能有效促进水稻生长,稻穗(干重)最多可增产49%。

蘑菇生产废料作移栽营养土对烤烟产质量的影响

[目的]研究蘑菇生产废料作移栽营养土对烤烟产质量的影响。[方法]以腐熟的蘑菇土为原材料,研究了不同蘑菇土用量对烤烟生育期、根系发育、经济性状、化学成分及烟叶感官质量的影响。[结果]结果表明,蘑菇土用量在12 375~16 500 kg/hm^2,能够显著促进烤烟根系发育,促使烟株早生快发,提高烟叶经济性状。但是施用蘑菇土降低了烟叶感官质量,且感官质量与蘑菇土用量呈负相关。[结论]在烟叶生产上,不宜用蘑菇土来作营养土。

不同覆土材料对双孢蘑菇栽培影响研究

在湖北荆门对当地的3种土样及其和砻糠混合组成的6种覆土材料进行对比试验,通过试验棉花地土最适合作为双孢蘑菇简易覆土材料。

免翻堆污泥快速生物干化技术控制及其应用

将脱水污泥（含水率约80%）与蘑菇土（含水率约30%）经成套污泥混配设备处理后,使得物料的初始含水率控制在55%-60%之间,采用好氧发酵槽进行快速生物干化处理,可充分利用污泥中的有机质和其他营养成分,实现污泥的无害化和资源化处置。结果表明：具有良好透气性的污泥堆料在6～9 h内快速升温至55℃。通过调整曝气模式和发酵温度,堆料维持在50～55℃超过5 d,且中心温度最高可达80℃以上;堆料含水率降至40%以下所需时间仅为7～10 d,且无需进行翻堆操作。经过上述处理后,污泥干化产品符合《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置园林绿化用泥质》（CJ248-2007）标准。

Microbial Community Structure of Casing Soil During Mushroom Growth

The culturable bacterial population and phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） profile of casing soil were investigated at different mushroom （Agaricus bisporus） cropping stages. The change in soil bacterial PLFAs was always accompanied by a change in the soil eulturable bacterial population in the first flush. Comparatively higher culturable bacterial population and bacterial PLFAs were found in the casing soil at the primordia formation stage of the first flush. There was a significant increase in the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs during mushroom growth. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data demonstrated that the mushroom cropping stage could considerably affect the microbial community structure of the casing soil. The bacterial population increased significantly from casing soil application to the primordia formation stage of the first flush. Casing soil application resulted in an increase in the ratio of gram-negative bacterial PLFAs to gram-positive bacterial PLFAs, suggesting that some gram-negative bacteria might play an important role in mushroom sporophore initiation.

Effects of mushroom waste on improvement of reclaimed soil qualityin coal mining areas

Restoring soil quality is the main evaluation norm of the reclamation. In order to reveal the effects of mushroom waste on the quality improvement of reclaimed soil in coal mining areas, the physical, chemical and microbial characteristics of soil are studied. The results show clear improvement in the soil after using mushroom waste. Because of human cultivation and fertilization, cultivated soil after reclamation exhibits high comprehensive quality and the index of quality of surface soil reaches 0.64 and 0.73. The average index of surface soil quality is as high as 0.52 and 0.54. In comparison, the quality of reclaimed soil of forest land is low, with average index of 0.40. The effects of mushroom waste are mainly on the surface soil in the first 2 years after the application. After that period, with the decomposition of mushroom waste, soil quality index tends to be the same as the original soil. The quality of surface soil is higher than that of subsoil, especially after the application of mushroom waste, at which point the soil quality reaches a peak at about 15 cm. Cultivated soil after reclamation has great variance in quality, after the coefficient of 24.74%. Mushroom waste can reduce such variation, particularly with long-term use. The variance efficient falls to 3.59% after 3-year application.

Application of waste mushroom on land reclamation in the refuse dump of Haizhou Open-pit Mines

In order to rapidly increase the degree of maturation of the soil in land reclamation of the refuse dump of the Haizhou open-pit mines, the application of waste mushroomin the process of soil improvement in the dump was studied. Through the research onplant growth, root development and microbial changes in soil and change of physical andchemical characteristics of the plot, the result shows that waste mushroom can increasethe degree of maturation of the soil and improve soil fertility.

免翻堆快速生物干化技术在污泥处理中的应用

将市政脱水污泥（含水率约为80％）与食用菌产业废料（蘑菇土）混合搅拌，采用好氧发酵槽进行快速生物干化处理，可充分利用污泥中的有机质和其他营养成分，实现污泥的无害化和资源化处置。应用结果表明：具有良好透气性的污泥堆料在6～9h内快速升温至55℃。通过调整曝气模式和发酵温度，堆料维持在50～55℃的时间超过5d，且中心温度最高可达80℃以上；堆料含水率降至40％以下所需时间仅为7～10d，且全程无需进行翻堆操作。经过上述处理后，污泥干化产品符合《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置园林绿化用泥质》（CJ248-2007）标准。

Medicinal Mushroom Growth as Affected by Non-Axenic Casing Soil

Ten different casing soils were collected from two soils at two depths （0.2 and 2.0 m below soil surface） to examine the relationships between the physical properties of non-axenic casing soil and yield, number and weight of the medicinal mushroom Agamcua blaaei ss. Heinemann. The results showed that soil clay content and bulk density were negatively correlated with the mushroom yield, respectively, but soil silt content and water-holding capacity were found to be positively correlated with the yield. The number of mushrooms was negatively correlated with soil water-holding capacity but positively correlated with soil clay, bulk density and porosity. The weight of mushroom was positively correlated with the content of soil fine sand and negatively correlated with the contents of soil coarse sand, total sand and clay. Neither soil depth nor different soil combinations affected the yield and number of mushrooms, but the mushroom weight was affected by the soil combinations and soil depth, so interplay in the fructification process with the physical characteristics of casing is complicated.

Mushrooms in the Mountains: Assessing the Role of Fungi on the Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) Practices in Nepal Himalaya

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs), thereby meet the post 2020 global biodiversity targets and increase resilience to climate change, nature-based approaches such as ecosystem-based adaptation(EbA) is suggested as a promising and integrated adaptation strategy. EbA comprises adaptation strategies that value the role of ecosystems in reducing social vulnerability to climate change. Among the different biological groups on earth, fungi play not only an important role to maintain the biogeochemical cycle/nutrient cycle in ecosystems(supporting and regulating services), but also contribute to the socio-economic and cultural benefits of societies(provisioning and cultural services). Here, we present our knowledge and scientific understanding on how these neglected groups of biodiversity-fungi are crucial for ecosystem-based adaptation(EbA) approach based on our field experience, review and associated expertise on caterpillar fungus(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), and other wild mushrooms found in Nepal. Several species of fungi are used by local communities as food, medicines, and environmental income. Fungi are important sources of household income for mountain communities in Nepal providing a cushion during shocks and disasters and supporting food security, health care, education and building shelter. For the holistic EbA approach, it is essential to strengthen local institutions as well as indigenous local knowledge which could be an important policy intervention for the identification, conservation, and sustainable management of ecologically, socially and economically useful fungal species.